Western Mud Minnow Galaxiella munda has most recently been assessed for The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2019. Galaxiella munda is listed as Endangered under criteria B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv)

Beatty, S.

Morgan, D.L.

English

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The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ISSN 2307-8235 (online)IUCN 2019: T8821A123377841Scope: GlobalLanguage: EnglishGalaxiella munda, Western Mud MinnowAssessment by: Beatty, S. & Morgan, D.L.View on www.iucnredlist.orgCitation: Beatty, S. & Morgan, D.L. 2019. Galaxiella munda. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species2019: e.T8821A123377841. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T8821A123377841.enCopyright: © 2019 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural ResourcesReproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior writtenpermission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged.Reproduction of this publication for resale, reposting or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior writtenpermission from the copyright holder. For further details see Terms of Use.The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species Programme, the IUCNSpecies Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership. The IUCN Red List Partners are: Arizona StateUniversity; BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation International; NatureServe;Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; and Zoological Society of London.If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown in this document, please provide us withfeedback so that we can correct or extend the information provided.THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™TaxonomyKingdom Phylum Class Order FamilyAnimalia Chordata Actinopterygii Osmeriformes GalaxiidaeTaxon Name:  Galaxiella munda McDowall, 1978Common Name(s):• English: Western Mud Minnow, Mud Minnow, Western Dwarf MinnowTaxonomic Source(s):McDowall, R.M. 1978. A new genus and species of galaxiid fish from Australia (Salmoniformes :Galaxiidae). Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 8(1): 115-124.Identification Information:Galaxiella munda (Mud Minnow) is a small freshwater fish with a scaleless, elongated body and longstraight gut, which grows to a maximum length of 58mm (Morgan et al. 1996). Between June andOctober (the breeding season), the adults develop two olive-brown longitudinal bands that areseparated by an orange stripe (mid-lateral stripe) and a silver belly (Morgan et al. 1996; Allen et al.2002). The lateral stripe gradually disappears to become a thin silver-white line by October and byJanuary most fish are light olive-brown in colour (Morgan et al. 1996).Assessment InformationRed List Category & Criteria: Endangered B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv) ver 3.1Year Published: 2019Date Assessed: January 10, 2019Justification:This species is assessed as Endangered as a result of its limited area of occupancy (AOO; 124 km2), as itis found at only two locations and is experiencing declines in distribution, habitat and subpopulations.Previously Published Red List Assessments1996 – Lower Risk/near threatened (LR/nt)http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T8821A12934437.enGeographic RangeRange Description:This species is known to occur in the south-western corner of Western Australia, extending fromMargaret River in the west to Two Peoples Bay (near Albany) in the east, with an isolated populationoccurring approximately 100 km north of Perth near Gingin (Morgan et al. 1996, Morgan et al. 1998,Allen et al. 2002). This species has also recently been found at one site on the Vasse River and two siteson the Carbunup River, near Busselton, within 50 km and north of the Margaret River (Morgan and© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Galaxiella munda – published in 2019.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T8821A123377841.en1Beatty 2004, Beatty et al. 2009). This species is not likely to be found throughout the length of all thestreams and river systems that it occurs in, and is more likely to be restricted to just a few kilometres ofthe small freshwater tributaries.Country Occurrence:Native: Australia (Western Australia)© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Galaxiella munda – published in 2019.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T8821A123377841.en2Distribution MapGalaxiella munda© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Galaxiella munda – published in 2019.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T8821A123377841.en3PopulationThe total population size of this species is unknown and there are insufficient data to adequatelydetermine any trends in the species' population size (Department of the Environment 2018). However,there have been observed and inferred losses of populations and likely reductions in total number ofindividuals due to secondary salinisation, groundwater and flow declines, and the effects of alien fishes.Current Population Trend:  DecreasingHabitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information)This species generally occurs in swift flowing streams within remnant forest or Melaleuca riparian zonesand is typically found near submerged vegetation, occasionally in the still water of ponds, swamps androadside drains, and often inhabiting darkly tannin-stained and acidic water (Morgan et al. 1998, 2011;Allen et al. 2002). This species has a one year life cycle and is known to breed during the winter-springperiod between June and October, with females depositing several clutches of eggs over a period of afew weeks in flooded vegetation (Pen et al. 1991, Morgan et al. 1998).Systems:  FreshwaterUse and TradeThere is no information available relating to the use or trade of this species.Threats (see Appendix for additional information)Threats to this species include its low tolerance to salinity and increasing salinisation of freshwaterstreams, and ongoing effects of extreme flow and groundwater reductions due to climate change, alongwith water extraction (Morgan et al. 1998, 2011; Phillips et al. 2007). Competition and predation fromintroduced fish, including Redfin Perch (Perca fluviatilis), Eastern Gambusia (Gambusia holbrooki),Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) are also likely to have severelyimpacted the species (Morgan et al. 2004). This species may also be affected by river regulation (e.g.weir and dam construction) and the subsequent infestation (or stocking) of these areas with predatoryfish species. It is unclear however to what degree these threats have resulted in at least a substantialreduction in species' numbers. The recent observed loss of the species from the Margaret River hasbeen attributed to a combination of invasion by Eastern Gambusia and flow declines.Conservation Actions (see Appendix for additional information)This species is listed as Vulnerable in Western Australia under Schedule 3 of the Wildlife ConservationAct 1950 (January 2018 list). Populations of this species have been reported within five national parksand three nature reserves: Shannon River, D'Entrecasteaux, Mount Frankland, Walpole-Nornalup andMt Roe-Mt Lindsay National Parks and Lake Muir, Gum Link Road, and Blue Gum Road Nature Reserves,which are all currently managed by the Western Australian Government. This species is also known froma number of state forests, crown reserves, private property and leasehold land (CALM 2005).CreditsAssessor(s): Beatty, S. & Morgan, D.L.© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Galaxiella munda – published in 2019.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T8821A123377841.en4Reviewer(s): Brown, C. & Moore, G.Facilitators(s) andCompiler(s):Tallant, J.© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Galaxiella munda – published in 2019.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T8821A123377841.en5BibliographyBeatty, S., Morgan, D., and Allen, M. 2009. Freshwater fish and crayfish communities of the Carbunupand Buayanyup Rivers: conservation significance and management considerations. Murdoch University,Perth.IUCN. 2019. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2019-3. Available at: www.iucnredlist.org.(Accessed: 10 December 2019).Morgan, D.L., Beatty, S.J., Klunzinger, M.W., Allen, M.G. and Burnham, Q.F. 2011. A Field Guide toFreshwater Fishes, Crayfishes & Mussels of South-western Australia. SERCUL & Freshwater Fish Group &Fish Health Unit, Murdoch University, Perth.Pen, L.J., Potter, I.C., and Hilliard, R.W. 1991. Biology of Galaxiella munda McDowall (Teleostei:Galaxüdae), including a comparison of the reproductive strategies of this and three other local species. .Journal of Fish Biology 39: 717-731.CitationBeatty, S. & Morgan, D.L. 2019. Galaxiella munda. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019:e.T8821A123377841. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T8821A123377841.enDisclaimerTo make use of this information, please check the Terms of Use.External ResourcesFor Images and External Links to Additional Information, please see the Red List website.© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Galaxiella munda – published in 2019.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T8821A123377841.en6AppendixHabitats(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)Habitat Season SuitabilityMajorImportance?5. Wetlands (inland) -> 5.1. Wetlands (inland) - PermanentRivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls)- Suitable -5. Wetlands (inland) -> 5.2. Wetlands (inland) -Seasonal/Intermittent/Irregular Rivers/Streams/Creeks- Suitable -5. Wetlands (inland) -> 5.7. Wetlands (inland) - Permanent FreshwaterMarshes/Pools (under 8ha)- Suitable -Threats(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)Threat Timing Scope Severity Impact Score11. Climate change & severe weather -> 11.1. Habitatshifting & alterationOngoing - - -11. Climate change & severe weather -> 11.2.DroughtsOngoing Whole (>90%) Slow, significantdeclinesMediumimpact: 7Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation2. Species Stresses -> 2.1. Species mortality7. Natural system modifications -> 7.2. Dams & watermanagement/use -> 7.2.4. Abstraction of surfacewater (unknown use)Ongoing Minority (50%) Causing/couldcause fluctuationsLow impact: 57. Natural system modifications -> 7.3. Otherecosystem modificationsOngoing Majority (50-90%)Negligible declines Low impact: 58. Invasive and other problematic species, genes &diseases -> 8.1. Invasive non-native/alienspecies/diseases -> 8.1.2. Named species(Oncorhynchus mykiss)Ongoing Minority (50%) Rapid declines Mediumimpact: 68. Invasive and other problematic species, genes &diseases -> 8.1. Invasive non-native/alienspecies/diseases -> 8.1.2. Named species (Gambusiaaffinis)Ongoing Minority (50%) Very rapiddeclinesMediumimpact: 78. Invasive and other problematic species, genes &diseases -> 8.1. Invasive non-native/alienspecies/diseases -> 8.1.2. Named species (Salmotrutta)Ongoing Minority (50%) Causing/couldcause fluctuationsLow impact: 5© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Galaxiella munda – published in 2019.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T8821A123377841.en78. Invasive and other problematic species, genes &diseases -> 8.1. Invasive non-native/alienspecies/diseases -> 8.1.2. Named species (Percafluviatilis)Ongoing Minority (50%) Rapid declines Mediumimpact: 69. Pollution -> 9.3. Agricultural & forestry effluents ->9.3.1. Nutrient loadsOngoing Minority (50%) Negligible declines Low impact: 49. Pollution -> 9.3. Agricultural & forestry effluents ->9.3.4. Type Unknown/UnrecordedOngoing Majority (50-90%)Slow, significantdeclinesMediumimpact: 6Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.3. Indirect ecosystem effects2. Species Stresses -> 2.1. Species mortalityConservation Actions in Place(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)Conservation Actions in PlaceIn-Place Research, Monitoring and PlanningAction Recovery plan: NoSystematic monitoring scheme: NoIn-Place Land/Water Protection and ManagementConservation sites identified: NoOccur in at least one PA: YesPercentage of population protected by PAs (0-100): 81-90Area based regional management plan: YesInvasive species control or prevention: NoIn-Place Species ManagementHarvest management plan: NoSuccessfully reintroduced or introduced beningly: NoSubject to ex-situ conservation: NoIn-Place EducationSubject to recent education and awareness programmes: YesIncluded in international legislation: NoSubject to any international management/trade controls: NoConservation Actions Needed(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Galaxiella munda – published in 2019.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T8821A123377841.en8Conservation Actions Needed2. Land/water management -> 2.2. Invasive/problematic species control3. Species management -> 3.2. Species recoveryResearch Needed(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)Research Needed1. Research -> 1.2. Population size, distribution & trends1. Research -> 1.3. Life history & ecology1. Research -> 1.5. ThreatsAdditional Data FieldsDistributionEstimated area of occupancy (AOO) (km²): 124Continuing decline in area of occupancy (AOO): YesExtreme fluctuations in area of occupancy (AOO): NoEstimated extent of occurrence (EOO) (km²): 50162Continuing decline in extent of occurrence (EOO): YesExtreme fluctuations in extent of occurrence (EOO): NoNumber of Locations: 2Continuing decline in number of locations: UnknownExtreme fluctuations in the number of locations: NoLower elevation limit (m): 30Upper elevation limit (m): 300PopulationPopulation severely fragmented: NoContinuing decline in subpopulations: YesExtreme fluctuations in subpopulations: UnknownAll individuals in one subpopulation: NoHabitats and EcologyContinuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat: YesGeneration Length (years): 1© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Galaxiella munda – published in 2019.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T8821A123377841.en9Habitats and EcologyMovement patterns: Not a MigrantCongregatory: Congregatory (year-round)© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Galaxiella munda – published in 2019.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T8821A123377841.en10The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ISSN 2307-8235 (online)IUCN 2019: T8821A123377841Scope: GlobalLanguage: EnglishThe IUCN Red List PartnershipThe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global SpeciesProgramme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership.The IUCN Red List Partners are: Arizona State University; BirdLife International; Botanic GardensConservation International; Conservation International; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew;Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; and Zoological Society of London.THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Galaxiella munda – published in 2019.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T8821A123377841.en11

Galaxiella munda, Western Mud Minnow

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Galaxiella munda, Western Mud Minnow

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