Spotted Galaxias Galaxias truttaceus has most recently been assessed for The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2019. Galaxias truttaceus is listed as Least Concer

Beatty, S.

Morgan, D.L.

English

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The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ISSN 2307-8235 (online)IUCN 2019: T122903281A123382171Scope: GlobalLanguage: EnglishGalaxias truttaceus, Spotted GalaxiasAssessment by: Morgan, D.L. & Beatty, S.View on www.iucnredlist.orgCitation: Morgan, D.L. & Beatty, S. 2019. Galaxias truttaceus. The IUCN Red List of ThreatenedSpecies 2019: e.T122903281A123382171. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T122903281A123382171.enCopyright: © 2019 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural ResourcesReproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior writtenpermission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged.Reproduction of this publication for resale, reposting or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior writtenpermission from the copyright holder. For further details see Terms of Use.The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species Programme, the IUCNSpecies Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership. The IUCN Red List Partners are: Arizona StateUniversity; BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation International; NatureServe;Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; and Zoological Society of London.If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown in this document, please provide us withfeedback so that we can correct or extend the information provided.THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™TaxonomyKingdom Phylum Class Order FamilyAnimalia Chordata Actinopterygii Osmeriformes GalaxiidaeTaxon Name:  Galaxias truttaceus Valenciennes, 1846Common Name(s):• English: Spotted Galaxias, Spotted Mountain Trout, Trout MinnowTaxonomic Source(s):Eschmeyer, W.N., Fricke, R., and Ven der Laan, R. (eds.). 2017. Catalog of Fishes: genera, species,references. Updated 01 November 2017. Available at:http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catelog/fishcatmain.asp.Taxonomic Notes:Using combined genetic analyses, Morgan et al. (2016) confirmed the presence of genetically distinctivewestern and eastern subpopulations in G. truttaceus, but found no evidence that these subpopulationsreflect either different species or subspecies (congruent with morphological data), meeting only part ofthe genetic criteria for separate evolutionary significant units (ESUs) (McDowall and Frankenberg 1981,Morgan et al. 2016). These authors state that the western populations do merit recognition as discreteESUs when the definition of an ESU is broadened to include ecological criteria, namely, the uniqueecology of western populations as a signal of evolutionary divergence and regional adaptation (seeMorgan 2003, Morgan et al. 2016).Assessment InformationRed List Category & Criteria: Least Concern ver 3.1Year Published: 2019Date Assessed: January 14, 2019Justification:This species is assessed as Least Concern. It is widespread and common in south-eastern Australia.Populations in Western Australian have previously declined and are now extremely restricted andisolated, but currently considered stable. Loss of the Western Australian subpopulations would result ina dramatic decline in the extent of occurrence (EOO) of the species.Geographic RangeRange Description:Galaxias truttaceus is known from both south-western and south-eastern Australia. The easternAustralian populations occur in South Australia, Tasmania (including King, Flinders and Clarke islands inBass Strait) and Victoria (Allen et al. 2002) where the species is widespread and abundant. The WesternAustralian populations are currently known from three catchments on the southern coast, namely,© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Galaxias truttaceus – published in 2019.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T122903281A123382171.en1Goodga River, Angove River and Kent River (Morgan et al. 2016). All three catchments that supportknown extant populations in south-western Australia are landlocked and drain to coastal lakes that havevery limited connection with the ocean through a complex arrangement of wetlands that may becomeseasonally connected only during very wet years (Morgan 2003, Coleman 2010, Morgan et al. 2016).Using combined genetic analyses, Morgan et al. (2016) confirmed the presence of genetically distinctivewestern and eastern subpopulations in G. truttaceus, but found no evidence that these subpopulationsreflect either different species or subspecies (congruent with morphological data), meeting only part ofthe genetic criteria for separate evolutionary significant units (ESUs) (McDowall and Frankenberg 1981,Morgan et al. 2016). These authors state that the western populations do merit recognition as discreteESUs when the definition of an ESU is broadened to include ecological criteria, namely, the uniqueecology of western populations as a signal of evolutionary divergence and regional adaptation (seeMorgan 2003, Morgan et al. 2016).Country Occurrence:Native: Australia (South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia)© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Galaxias truttaceus – published in 2019.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T122903281A123382171.en2Distribution MapGalaxias truttaceus© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Galaxias truttaceus – published in 2019.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T122903281A123382171.en3PopulationThere is no quantitative information available relating to current or predicted population trends for thisspecies in south-eastern Australia. However, recent studies have examined aspects of G. truttaceus inthe Goodga River, Western Australia with Allen (2016) giving a population estimate of individual G.truttaceus > 80 mm TL (mature animals) being 13,910 (lower/upper 95% CI = 8,948-18,873), andextrapolated this to be ~ 20,000 individuals of all size classes. This is the largest of the three WApopulations, owing to the presence of a fishway that was constructed in 2003, and increased the habitatavailable to the species (Morgan and Beatty 2006).Current Population Trend:  StableHabitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information)This is a lotic species that occurs in natural lowland coastal habitats and favours cover such as logs,boulders and overhung banks on the edges of pools. Coastal populations spawn in autumn-winter, andthe larvae have a marine phase of several months before returning to estuaries as 45-65 mm whitebaitin spring. In landlocked populations, spawning occurs in autumn (western) or spring (eastern) after anupstream migration into feeder streams, and the larvae fulfil their pelagic phase in downstream lakes.Fecundity is moderate to high: 1,000-16,000 eggs deposited amongst instream aquatic vegetation(Humphries 1989, Lintermans 2007).Systems:  Freshwater, MarineUse and TradeThis species is found with low frequency in the aquarium trade in Australia (T. Raadik pers. comm. 2019).Threats (see Appendix for additional information)Physical barriers to migratory spawning waters are a threat to this species across its range (ThreatenedSpecies Scientific Committee 2006). Hydrology changes, such as increases in water temperature andsedimentation of habitat, may have caused the local extirpation of this species from watersheds(Threatened Species Scientific Committee 2006). Landlocked populations of the species may beadversely affected by competition resulting from the deliberate or inadvertent introduction of exotic fishspecies, such as Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Brown Trout (Salmo trutta), Redfin Perch (Percafluviatilis) and Eastern Gambusia (Gambusia holbrooki). This species may also be threatened by theparasite Ligula intestinalis (Morgan 2003), which affects the swimming ability and fecundity ofindividuals. Habitat loss due to urbanisation (e.g. around Melbourne) may also threaten this species.Conservation Actions (see Appendix for additional information)The Western Australian population is currently listed as Endangered in Western Australia underSchedule 1 of the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950 (Dawson 2018), as rare or likely to become extinctunder Schedule 4 of the Wildlife Conservation Act 1950, and Critically Endangered under theEnvironmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation (EPBC) ACT 1999 (Department of theEnvironment 2018). There are currently no action recovery plans in place.Monitoring of the species and of the spread of the parasite Ligula intestinalis across its range is© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Galaxias truttaceus – published in 2019.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T122903281A123382171.en4recommended. Research into the importance of flow and barrier impact to recruitment is required, andshould be considered when designing fishways (Morgan and Beatty 2006).CreditsAssessor(s): Morgan, D.L. & Beatty, S.Reviewer(s): Bice, C., Bruce, A., Coleman, R., Freeman, R., Gilligan, D., Koehn, J., Lintermans,M., Pearce, L., Raadik, T., Scott, K., Tims, A. & Whiterod, N.Facilitators(s) andCompiler(s):Lutz, M., Sayer, C. & Smith, E.© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Galaxias truttaceus – published in 2019.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T122903281A123382171.en5BibliographyAllen, G. R., Midgley, S. H. and Allen, M. 2002. Field guide to the freshwater fishes of Australia. WesternAustralia Museum, Perth, WA.Allen, M.G. 2016. Barriers to fish migration in drying climates: contributions from south-westernAustralia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University.Coleman, J.G. 2010. New records of Galaxias truttaceus (Galaxiidae) in theKent River catchment,southwestern Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia,  93: 189–193.Dawson, S. 2018. Wildlife Conservation (Specially Protected Fauna) Notice 2017.  Government Gazette,WA. Perth.Department of Fisheries. 2003. The Translocation of Golden Perch, Murray Cod and Australian Bass, intoand within Western Australia, for the purposes of recreational stocking, domestic stocking andcommercial and noncommercial aquaculture.  Fisheries Management Paper No. 174. Department ofFisheries, Perth.Department of the Environment. 2018. Galaxias truttaceus hesperius in Species Profile and ThreatsDatabase. Canberra Available at: http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?showprofile=Y&taxon_id=81282. (Accessed: 23 July 2018).Hammer, M., Wedderburn, S. and van Wennan, J. 2009.  Action Plan for South Australian FreshwaterFish. In: Native Fish Australia, (ed.). Adelaide, SA.Humphries, P. 1989. Variation in the life history of diadromous and landlocked populations of thespotted galaxias, Galaxias truttaceus Valenciennes, in Tasmania. Australian Journal of Marine andFreshwater Research 40: 501-518.IUCN. 2019. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2019-3. Available at: www.iucnredlist.org.(Accessed: 10 December 2019).McDowall, R.M., and Frankenberg, R.S. 1981. The galaxiid fishes of Australia (Pisces: Galaxiidae). Recordsof the Australian Museum 33: 443–605.Morgan, D.L. 2003. Distribution and biology of Galaxias truttaceus (Galaxiidae) in southwesternAustralia, including first evidence of parasitism of fishes in Western Australia by Ligula intestinalis(Cestoda). Environmental Biology of Fish 66: 155-167.Morgan, D.L. and Beatty, S.J. 2006. Use of a vertical-slot fishway by galaxiids in Western Australia.Ecology of Freshwater Fish 15: 500-509.Morgan, D.L., Beatty, S.J., Close, P.G.,  Allen, M.G., Unmack, P.J., Hammer, M.P. & Adams M. 2016.Resolving the taxonomy, range and ecology of biogeographically isolated and critically endangeredpopulations of an Australian freshwater galaxiid, Galaxias truttaceus. Pacific Conservation Biology, 22:350–359.Threatened Species Scientific Committee. 2006. Commonwealth Conservation Advice on Galaxiastruttaceus hesperius. Department of Environment, Water, Heritage, and the Arts.CitationMorgan, D.L. & Beatty, S. 2019. Galaxias truttaceus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019:e.T122903281A123382171. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Galaxias truttaceus – published in 2019.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T122903281A123382171.en63.RLTS.T122903281A123382171.enDisclaimerTo make use of this information, please check the Terms of Use.External ResourcesFor Images and External Links to Additional Information, please see the Red List website.© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Galaxias truttaceus – published in 2019.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T122903281A123382171.en7AppendixHabitats(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)Habitat Season SuitabilityMajorImportance?5. Wetlands (inland) -> 5.1. Wetlands (inland) - PermanentRivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls)- Suitable -5. Wetlands (inland) -> 5.5. Wetlands (inland) - Permanent FreshwaterLakes (over 8ha)- Suitable -9. Marine Neritic -> 9.1. Marine Neritic - Pelagic - Suitable -9. Marine Neritic -> 9.10. Marine Neritic - Estuaries - Suitable -Threats(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)Threat Timing Scope Severity Impact Score1. Residential & commercial development -> 1.1.Housing & urban areasOngoing - - -11. Climate change & severe weather -> 11.1. Habitatshifting & alterationOngoing - - -8. Invasive and other problematic species, genes &diseases -> 8.1. Invasive non-native/alienspecies/diseases -> 8.1.2. Named species (Gambusiaholbrooki)Ongoing - - -8. Invasive and other problematic species, genes &diseases -> 8.1. Invasive non-native/alienspecies/diseases -> 8.1.2. Named species (Percafluviatilis)Ongoing - - -8. Invasive and other problematic species, genes &diseases -> 8.1. Invasive non-native/alienspecies/diseases -> 8.1.2. Named species (Salmotrutta)Ongoing - - -8. Invasive and other problematic species, genes &diseases -> 8.1. Invasive non-native/alienspecies/diseases -> 8.1.2. Named species(Oncorhynchus mykiss)Ongoing - - -9. Pollution -> 9.3. Agricultural & forestry effluents ->9.3.2. Soil erosion, sedimentationOngoing - - -Conservation Actions in Place(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Galaxias truttaceus – published in 2019.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T122903281A123382171.en8Conservation Actions in PlaceIn-Place Research, Monitoring and PlanningAction Recovery plan: NoResearch Needed(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)Research Needed1. Research -> 1.3. Life history & ecology1. Research -> 1.5. Threats3. Monitoring -> 3.1. Population trendsAdditional Data FieldsDistributionEstimated area of occupancy (AOO) (km²): 2356Continuing decline in area of occupancy (AOO): UnknownExtreme fluctuations in area of occupancy (AOO): NoEstimated extent of occurrence (EOO) (km²): 1332549Continuing decline in extent of occurrence (EOO): UnknownExtreme fluctuations in extent of occurrence (EOO): UnknownContinuing decline in number of locations: UnknownExtreme fluctuations in the number of locations: Unknown© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Galaxias truttaceus – published in 2019.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T122903281A123382171.en9The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ISSN 2307-8235 (online)IUCN 2019: T122903281A123382171Scope: GlobalLanguage: EnglishThe IUCN Red List PartnershipThe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global SpeciesProgramme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership.The IUCN Red List Partners are: Arizona State University; BirdLife International; Botanic GardensConservation International; Conservation International; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew;Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; and Zoological Society of London.THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Galaxias truttaceus – published in 2019.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T122903281A123382171.en10

Galaxias truttaceus

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Galaxias truttaceus

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