Since its inception genetic programming, and later variations such as grammar-based genetic programming and grammatical evolution, have contributed to various domains such as classification, image processing, search-based software engineering, amongst others. This paper examines the role that genetic programming has played in education. The paper firstly provides an overview of the impact that genetic programming has had in teaching and learning. The use of genetic programming in intelligent tutoring systems, predicting student performance and designing learning environments is examined. A critical analysis of genetic programming in education is provided. The paper then examines future directions of research and challenges in the application of genetic programming in education.http://link.springer.com/journal/107102020-07-26hj2020Computer Scienc
