The experiments were arranged  according to the method of random block system with three repetitions on basic field parcels of 12.5 m2, within a three-year period (1998, 1999 and 2(00). The average number of the pods in the all seedtimes and for all varieties for the three year period (1998-2000) is 96. and it is 33.696 less than the average number of formed flowers. The average number of pods per plant for the thn1e year period in the seedtime is 10% bigger (101) in the first seedtime (21 march), than the fourth ssedtime (21 april). The variety with longer vegetation (group of maturity) "111",. during the three year period formes, the biggest numbs of pods per plant (121), but the variety with shorter vegetation (I group of ageing) .015" forms the smallest number of pods per plant (63)

Mihajlov, Ljupco

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HAUItlOHAnEH UEHTbP 3A ArPAPHItl HAYKItl NATIONAL CENTRE FOR AGRARIAN SCIENCES PACTEHlI1EBb.[lHIll HAYKIII, 44, 94-96 PLANT SCIENCE, 44, 94-96 CC¢lI"~, 2006, So1ia HAY'IHO Cb06LLlEHHE THE SEEDTIME AND THE MATURITY GROUPS INFLUENCING THE NUMBER OF PODS PER PLANT ON SOYBEAN WUPCO MIHA.JLOV Institute of Southem Crops, SfT. Goee Delcev b.b., 2400 Strumica, Macedonia E-mail: ljupcomihajloV@isc.ukim.edu.mk Abstract: The experiments were a"a1l{}6d according to the method of random block system with thme repetitions on basic field parcels of 12.5 rrr, within a three-year period (1998, 1999 and 2(00). The average number of the pods in the a/l seedtimes and for all varieties for the three year period (1998-2000) is 96. and it is 33.696 less than the average number of formed flowers. The average number of pods per plant for the thn1e year period in the seedtime is 10% bigger (101) in the first seedtime (21 marCh), than the fourth ssedtime (21 april). The variety with longer vegetation (/I group of maturity) »",. during the three year period formes, the biggest numbsr of pods per plant (121), but the variety with short­er vegetation (I group of ageing) .015" forms the sma/lest number f pods per plant (63). Key words: soybean (Glycine max. L Merrill), numbBr of pods, seedtime, grain yield, varieties, climate conditions. L MIHAJWV, Inslilur. of SouIhsm Crop., SIr. Goes Delc4l11 b.b., 2400 Strumica, MacedoniA BIlMJIHIfE HA CEwr&EHIfTE CPOKOBE H fPYIlHTE HA 3P11J1OCT APXYIiPOR HA 6OEiOBE7E orPACTEHHE nPH COR P831OMfI: Onumums cs 38/IO}f(BHU no Msmoga Ha paHgOMU3UpaHume MOKo8e 8 mpu no8mopeH/JR 8 oc­H08HU nOl\CKu n~8Au om 12,5 rrr, no 8p8M6 Ha mpueoguweH nepuog (1998, 1999 u 20(0). CpegHIlRm 6poU 606o8e 3a BcU'lKU ceum6eHU cpoKo8e u 3a BcU'lKU copmo8e npe3 mpueogUWHuR ne­puog (1998-2000) e 96 u moo e 33,6 ~ no-MMbK om CpegHUR 6poii 06pa3y8sHu l./8emo8e. CpegHURm 6poO 606o8e (101) am paCfTlBHUB np83 mpuaoguwHuuR nepuog s 10% n~acwMI npu mp8uR ceum6eH cpoK (21 MBpm) 8 CpaBHSHUB C'1emBbpmUR ceum6eH cpOK (21 anpUII). CopmblTl c n~g&Ioaa 8Baema~/JR (/I epyna HB 3p811OC1T1) .111" 06pa3y8a HSU-8OIIRM 6poO 60608e om pacmBHUe (121) np83 mpuaoguwHuR nepuog, a copmbm C nt;KpamKs 8eaemaL(/JR (Iapyns Ha 3p8Aocm) .015M 06fJ83y8a HBU-MaAbK 6po{J 60­6o8e am pacmeHue (63). KAIOIIOBu gyMU: COR (Glycins max. L Merrill), 6poii 6060BB, ceum6eH cpaI(, go6u8 HB 3hpHO, copmo8e, KAUllamU'lHU ycA08uR According to the season, the optional seedtime is According to the results of many researchers (Van different for different agro ecological regions, and Schaik and Probst, 1958; Hardman, 1970; Wiebold et among the others it depends on the ripening of the al., 1981), in different varieties, soybean aborts from variety that we want to cunivate, as well as from the 20 to 94% of the flowers. Besides the flowers, the purpose of the production expected. pods falloff as well, but it is not very significant. Tha number of pods in one plant has a direct influ­ The purpose of this work is to define the influence ence on the grain yield, but also influences indirectly of different seedtimes and the maturity group over the through the total grain number of one plant. The her­ number of pods and with that over the production itability of the number of pods per plant is usually potential, i.e on the grain yield of soybean cuHivated lower than 30%. This tells us that in the expression of in irrigational conditions. this charactaristic, the ecological variabla has bigger influence than the genetic one (Armand and Torrie, MATERIALS AND WORK METHODS 1963; Gupta at aI., 1982; Belic et aI., 1985). Four varieties of soybean with different vegetation The smaller number of pods is a result of the high­ period have been analyzed: two from group I of matu­er percent of flower abortativity at soybean. rity and two from group 1\ (according to Hartwing's 94 classification, 1973). The experiments were made during a period of three years: 1998, 1999 and 2000 in Macedonia, in the region Ovce Pole (41°45' N lati­tude). The field on which the experiments were made is 230 m above sea level, on soil type - vertisol. The experiment is made in four repetitions with four differ­ent seedtime: 21" and 31" of March; 11" and 21~ of April with three repetitions, according to the method of random block system. The counting of pods is done in the (R7) stage from 15 randomly chosen plants from each repetition. The harvest of the plants is made in the (R8) stage of full maturity. Grain yield is determined from all plants in each plot separately and expressed in kg/ha. The obtained data is statistically processed according to the analysis of variable method (AN OVA) and LSD test. RESULTS The average number of pods from all seedtime and for all varieties, for the three year period 199&-2000 year is 96 (table 1) which is 33.6% smaller then the average number of flowers formed. Table 1/Ta6iIulflJ 1 Number of pods per plant 1998-2000 6po1i 606oee or paCTeHMe 1998-2000 r. Seedtime (A) CEIMT68H cpo!< 111 Varieties (8)/Copr08e L-8 015 BalkaAverage CpeAHO n (A) I I 130 107 65 102 101 " 113 102 63 106 96 III 113 99 63 110 96 IV 127 82 59 98 91 Average (8) CPlijlHo 121 97 63 104 96 LeveVHMBO P < 0.05 P < 0.01 (A) 2.35 4.32 (8) (AB) 19.06 5.59 34.99 8.03 The average biggest number of pods (101), of all varieties for the three year period is registered for the first seedtime, and the smallest in the fourth which is 91. The statistically determined differences (P < 0.01) are noted between the fourth and all the other seed­time. The differences between the first and the next two terms are not statistically significant and the sec­ond and the third are at the some level. T"ble 2/TlI6Aul411 2 Average monthly relative air humidity, % CpellHa Mece<lHa OTHOCMTenH8 afllllKHOCT Ha Bb3AYJIB, % Years/Months rOAMHM/MeceuM III IV V VI VII VIII IX 1998 56 55 64 57 46 51 65 1999 64 64 65 61 57 51 62 2000 61 59 60 49 40 39 55 1970-2000 61 60 65 57 49 46 62 95 70 "#60 ~ SO "1:1 ~ 40 .c.. iii 30 ... j> 20 OIl .. 10 o . III IV V VI VII VIII IX months r:::..~ _ ,... 2000 - 1970-20001l- '... FIg- 1. Average monthly relative air humidl1y, %. (/JUII. 1. CpegH8 MeCe'lH8 OmHOCUmfMHa 8MJKHOCm Ha 81>3' gyxa, % Variety ..111", for the three year period, forms the average biggest number of pods per plant (121), and the variety ,,015" forms the smallest number of pods (63). Over the three year period the statistical differ­ences in the average number of pods in both ana­lyzed levels of the varieties are established, except between the varieties n111" and ..Balkan" at which the differences are not statistically important. CONeWSIONS Ouring the three year examination, the biggest num­ber of pods per plant is registered in the first seedtime (21" of March), because the conditions for forming biggest number of flowers and their fertilazation are most convenient at the and of May and at the beginning of June, when the plants from the first seedtime are in these stages. In later terms, with the coming of the drought, (second half of June), when the conditions for forming the pods are less convenient, esspecially when the plants from the fourth seedtime are in this stage, the smallest number of pods per plant is registered. At different varieties the biggest number of pods that come from different variety is obtained in different seedtime. Nenadic (1976) and Board (1985) have con­cluded that the number of pods per plant in later seed­time is decreasing. Our results from these experi­ments are in accordance with the previous one with all varieties except with variety .111". which points out the dependence of that characteristic from the variety. The number of pods per plant in later seedtime is increasing, except the variety with onger vegetation ..111", which points out the dependence of that char­acteristic from the maturity group. From everything that has been said, we can draw a conclusion that the number of pods per plant is in corre/ation with the seedtime and the maturity group of the varieties. J REFERENCES Annand, S. C. and H. J. Torrie (1963). Heritability of yield and other traits and interrelationships among traits in the F3 and F4 generations of three soybean crosses. Crop Sci., 3, pp. 50&-511. BeJi~, D., Jo.ck~vic D., and M .. Hrustic (1985). Heritability In quantitative characters In soybean. Archives agri­cultural science, 46, 162, Beograd., pp. 97-113. Board, J. E. (1985). Yield components associated with soybean yield reductions at nonoptlmal planting dates. Agron. J. 77. No 1, pp. 135-140. carlson, J. B. and N. R. Lerst8n (1987). Reproductive Morphology. In Wilcox, J.R. (ed.) Soybeans: improvement, production and uses. Agron. Monogr. 16, ASA. Madison, WI, pp. 17-96. Fehr, W R., Cavines, C. E. and D. T. Burmood (1971). Stage of development descriptions of soybeans (Glycine max. L. Merrill) . Crop Sci. 11, pp. 929-931. Gupta, P..v., ~: I. Ga~ and D. N. Rana (1982). ConSistency of heritability estimates over environments and crop­ping systems for different groups of traits in soybean. Soybean Genet. NewsJ. 9, pp. 66-68. Hardman, L. L (1970). The effects of some environmen­tal conditions on flower production and pod set in soybean Glycine max. (L) Merrill var. Hark. Diss. Abstr. 31 , 5. Hartwig, E. E. (1973). Varietal development In Caldwel., B.E. (ed.) Soybeans: Improvement, production and uses. Jour. Amer. Soc. of Agron., Madison, Wis., pp. 187-210. Nenadie, N. (1976). Inftuence of the seedtime dues on growth, development and yield in soybean. Archives agricultural science 29.108, 8eograd. pp. 14&-154. Nenadic, N., M. Marie, V. P/azinic, R. Stikic, S. Dokic, D. Simova-Tosic, M. Tasic, D. SimicandZ. Vrbaski(1995) . Soybean, production and remaking. Faculty of Agriculture Beograd. pp. 39-45. Van Schaik, P. H. and A. H. Probst (1958). Effects of some environmental factors on flower productive effICiency in soybeans. Agron. J., SO, 192-197. Wiebold, 	 W J., D. A. Ashley and H. R. Boerma (1981). Reproductive abscission levels and pattems for eleven determinate soybean cultivars. Agron. J.• 73. pp.43-46. CmamURma e noembnu"a B pegaKuuRma Ha 10.02.2006 e. u e gOKAagBaHa om em. H. e. I em g-p TOHU K. TOHeB 96 

The Seedtime and the Maturity Groups Influencing the Number of Pods Per Plant on Soybean

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