Ghantous, Katherine

Sylvia, Martha

English

ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst

2022 Pesticide Safety: Pesticide Restictions and MRLs

University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Cranberry Station Extension meetings Cranberry Station Outreach and Public Service Activities 4-26-2022 2022 Pesticide Safety: Pesticide Restictions and MRLs Martha Sylvia Katherine Ghantous Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cranberry_extension  Part of the Agriculture Commons Pesticide Restrictions and MRL’sMarty Sylvia and Katie GhantousUMass Cranberry StationUMass Cranberry Pesticide SafetyApril 26th 2022 AGENDA8:00 WPS and Pesticide Safety Update – Marty8:30 Insects of the Day – Anne9:00 Herbicide Use Patterns and Reminders – Hilary9:30 Pesticide Restrictions and MRL’s – M+K10:00 STRETCH BREAK10:05 KQF and Frost Update – Peter10:20 Pesticide Resistance and Modes of Action – M+K 10:45 Pathology Review – Leela11:10 Herbicide and Weed Research Update – Katie11:35 Chemigation Review – Gavin Bartlett, ADM12:00 Meeting WrapupAltacor Chlorantraniliprole 18%Bravo Chlorothalonil 14%Proline Prothioconazole 9%Avaunt lndoxacarb 7%Actara Thiamethoxam 7%Callisto Mesotrione 6%EBDC EBDC 5%Delegate Spinetoram 5%Intrepid Methoxyfenozide 4%QuadrisTop Difen+Ab 4%Glyphosate-based Glyphosate 4%Select, Intensity Clethodim 3%lndar Fenbuconazole 2%Copper Copper 2%Diazinon Diazinon 2%Phosphites Phosphite 2%Abound Azoxystrobin 1%Devrinol Napropramide 1%Exirel Cyantraniliprole 1%Casoron Dichlobenil 1%Sevin Carbaryl 1%Belay Clothianidin 1%Restricted Use Products (RUP)• Chlorothalonils• Thiamethoxam• Methoxyfenozide• Diazinon• Simazine• Pronamide• Dinotefuran• Fumigants• Fanfare• ZeusAbout 15% of all active ingredients we have in cranberry are restricted useAbout 25% of all applications we put on cranberry are restricted useProduct Name      Active Ingredient  % of all apps Bifenthrin Chlorothalonils Chlorpyrifos Diazinon Dinotefuran Methoxyfenozide Pronamide Simazine Sulfentrazone Thiamethoxam Basamid and VapamWhich compounds are RUP’s??Restricted Use Products Fanfare Bravo, Echo, Initiate Lorsban Diazinon  Scorpion, Venom Intrepid, Invertid Kerb Simazine  Zeus  Actara Fumigants! tan FanfareBravo, Echo Actara Intrepid, Invertid Diazi on Scorpion, Venom Intrepid, Invertid Kerb Simazine  Zeus  Actara Fumigants! Fanfare Bravo, Echo, Initiate Lorsba D azinon  Scorpio , Venom Intrepid, Invertid Kerb Simazine  Zeus  Actara Fumigants!BOLD is federally restrictedWhy is it restricted use??Federally restricted Bifenthrin FANFAREDiazinon DIAZINONChlorpyrifos LORSBANBasamid and Vapam FUMIGANTSHUMAN TOXICITY?Avian and Aquatic Toxicity ConcernsToxic to Fish and Aquatic OrganismsDue to Acute Inhalation Toxicity to HumansMay Be Fatal If Swallowed · May Be Fatal If InhaledWhy is it restricted use??Federally restricted Bifenthrin FANFAREDiazinon DIAZINONChlorpyrifos LORSBANBasamid and Vapam FUMIGANTSHUMAN TOXICITY➢EPA revised certification standards for pesticide applicators➢Set age limit at 18 years➢Competency standards, annual training, photo id…State restricted  Actara thiamethoxam* Bravo chlorothalonil* Intrepid methoxyfenozide Kerb pronamide* Simazine simazine Scorpion, Venom dinotefuran Zeus sulfentrazoneWhy is it restricted use??*=likely human carcinogenPut on list based on Leaching potential criteria and based on toxicological concern• Water solubility greater than or equal to 3 ppm• Koc less than or equal to 1900 “potential to leach”• Soil half life greater than or equal to seven daysLEACHING POTENTIALModerately mobile Intrepid     Methoxyfenozide•Koc 490 ml/g•Half life in soil:•336-1100 days•Solubility: 3.3 ppmRelatively immobileDiazinon• Koc 1000 ml/g(higher adsorption)• Half Live in soil:• 40 days• Solubility: 60 ppm Koc <= 1900Soil ½ life >=  7 daysWater solubility >= 3 ppmHighly mobile ActaraThiamethoxam• Koc 70 ml/g(low adsorption)• Half life in soil: • 385 days• Solubility: 4000 ppmhighly solubleCompounds are not the same!Most leachable compound we have!TOXICOLOGICAL CONCERNACTARA• Thiamethoxam has a toxicological classification as a likely human carcinogen BRAVO• Chlorothalonil has a toxicological classification as a probable human carcinogen (B2).KERB• Pronamide was listed as a toxicological classification as a probable human carcinogen (B2) but was removedafter further testing. PESTICIDES IN CRANBERRY BOG SYSTEMS• Monitoring for pesticides on Groundwater Protection List• Targeted monitoring based on Notifications • 2018: Three bog systems; Sampling of bog ditchesPesticide HighestDetection (ppb)Human HealthStandard (ppb)Chlorothalonil 0.022 500Methoxyfenozide 3.54 600Thiamethoxam 0.044 77TESTING SURFACE WATER IN CRANBERRYmethoxyfenozide chlorothalonil thiamethoxamIntrepid Bravo ActaraSouth Carver .892 ppb ND NDno appcollection 7/30South Carver 3.54 ppb ND 0.044 ppbApp on 7/27 App of Actara in Maycollection 7/30Rochester 0.008 ppb 0.022 ppb NDno app App on 7/18collection 7/30 collection 7/30Halifax 0.0792 ppb ND 0.008 ppbHuman Standards acute - - 2300Benchmark chronic 600 500 77Fish acute >2100 5.25 >5000chronic 530 3 2000Aquatic acute 25 1.8 17.5Invertebrates chronic 6.3 0.6 -Bogs With IWPA & Zone IIActaraBravoIntrepidKerbSimazine Scorpion, VenomZeusBase MapBogs are shown as pink with red speckles• Click on layers at upper right• 2021 aerial imageThe state’s most up-to-date map describing Groundwater Recharge Areas using the state’s mapping tool, MassMapper. (Oliver map system is retired)State BogZone II’s are pink cross hatched areasIWPA are pink circles• Note, only the largest sized IWPAs are jurisdictional for agriculture, all of the others are not. • To understand which IWPA is the largest, the IWPA’s by the Eastern edge of the Cape Cod Canal are the largest size. The state’s most up-to-date map describing Groundwater Recharge Areas using the state’s mapping tool, MassMapper. (Oliver map system is retired)State BogZone II Groundwater Protection• Actara• Bravo• Intrepid• Kerb• Scorpion• Simazine• Zeus• Chart book• letter• letter• letter• NO• NO• Chart bookLetter to cover you, cleared through MDAR Hotze WijnjaCannot apply in Zone II unless…Zone II Groundwater Protection• Actara• Bravo• Intrepid• Kerb• Scorpion• Simazine• Zeus• Chart book• letter• letter• letter• NO• NO• Chart bookCannot apply in Zone II unless…But no matter what, if you apply in Zone II, you must report it to MDARChanges!!   Lorsban (chlorpyrifos) GONE• Chlorpyrifos is no longer allowed for use on cranberries• EPA issues a final ruling August 2021, effective in October 2021• All tolerances expired February 2022 on food crops• Existing stock can NOT be used, haz waste  → → →Usually when we lose a product, the label is canceled but the tolerance stands for a while to use “existing stock” even though new product can’t be purchased (like with Belay and Princep). This is NOT the case here since the tolerance is being revoked first (a very unusual situation).Diazinon fighting to keepOKAY for now!• But likely several challenges in next few years• Fisheries and Wildlife review• EPA Registration review in 2024Mitigation measures may be imposed in areas deemed critical habitat for the endangered species of concern• National Marine Fisheries Services• In these area, may lose full rate options       and limit number of apps endangered species zones in greenFanfare Full EPA Registration, Supplemental Label allowing use on CranberryReally only want you using for Resistant Cranberry WeevilIN MAYFanfare Full EPA RegistrationSupplemental Label allowing use on Cranberry2  3 formulations 2EC, EC and ESCDMS WEBSITELabel and MSDS website http://www.cdms.net/LabelsSDS/homeSPECIMEN LABELThe many 24C Labels2ee RecommendationsSDS Safety Data SheetSPECIMEN LABELThe many 24C Labels2ee RecommendationsSDS Safety Data SheetSPECIMEN LABELThe many 24C Labels2ee RecommendationsSDS Safety Data SheetHANDLER DRIVEN RESTRICTIONSYou must check handler restrictions each year before putting out a spray!• BRAVO for export• Quadris Top, Zeus – new compounds don’t have history for residues• EU restricted compounds• Added PHI restrictions120 Day PHI for FanfareIf Export!• May 27 means harvest Sept 24• June 6 means harvest Oct 4• Have to consider time for pesticide screen timing (10 days!)SpraySprayHarvestHarvestUS MRL = 3 ppmEU MRL = 0.01 ppmDomestic Allowed, 45 day PHI, one appExport Allowed, 120 PHI, one app3 applications, 7 days apart, 6.4 fl oz/app, 30 day PHIHandlers and Residues for FANFARE (bifenthrin)Residue~0.5 ppmBased onPoll Questions• What does MRL stand for?• Minimum Residue Limit• Maximum Residue Limit• Main Resistance Load• Maximum Resistance Limitation• I have my handler restriction in my hand already.• Yes and looked at• Yes but have not reviewed yet• No• N/ATOLERANCES / MAXIMUM RESIDUE LEVELS (AKA MRLS)There must be a cranberry “tolerance” for an a.i. in order for a pesticide to be registered in the US• Maximum safe and acceptable amount of residue on fruit• Set by EPA• Based on testing to see how much residue is left on/in fruit after use and PHI interval has passed• What is “safe” is determined by many factors, including the “Risk Cup”• The Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 (FQPA) • Increased protection for infants and children from pesticidesTHE FOOD QUALITY PROTECTION ACT OF 1996 (FQPA)AGGREGATE EXPOSURE, "THE RISK CUP" Total level of acceptable exposure to a pesticide = Reference Dose (RfD) Level of exposure to a pesticide that a person could receive every day over a seventy-year period without significant risk of a long-term or chronic non-cancer health effect The full cup represents the total RfD Each use of the pesticide contributes a specific amount of exposure that adds to the cup As long as the cup is not full (combined total of all estimated sources of exposure not 100% of the RfD) EPA can consider registering additional uses and setting new tolerances If the risk cup is full, no new uses approved until the risk level is loweredBy Peter J JentschHotze WijnjaDOMESTIC VS INTERNATIONAL MRLSDifferent countries have different approaches and standardsGoal is “harmonization” across different marketsReality is very different for most countries/compounds!When handlers are making decisions about restricting chemicals… More than 70 pesticides to considerMore than 15 different markets to considerFOREIGN MRLS Some markets have “import tolerances” that allow food imported to have a residue, even if that chemical is not registered in that countryConcerns?Environmental – may considerHuman heath (applicator exposure) – may considerHuman health (dietary, risk from consumption) – will not consider!With Brexit, the UK now has its own rules (independent from EU)!REGISTRATION REVIEW EPA reviews each registered pesticide at least every 15 years o Ensure pesticide can carry out its intended function without creating unreasonable adverse effects to:• Human health • The environmentOutcomeso No changeso Label changes to mitigate risko Loss of use* Approx 30 compounds used the cranberry industry are in reg review!AcephateAcetamipridBacillus thuringiensisCarbarylChlorothalonilClothianidinDiazinonDifenoconazoleDinotefuranFenbuconazoleFerbamFluxapyroxadImidaclopridMancozebMesotrioneNapropamideNorflurazonPhosmetPronamidePropiconazolePropiconazoleProthioconazolePyrethrinsSpiromesifenTebuconazoleTetraconazoleThiamethoxamCRANBERRY PESTICIDES IN REGISTRATION REVIEW PROCESSTHE GOOD NEWS - PESTICIDES IN PIPELINEFungicides 3 compounds with completed trials All awaiting analysis or awaiting registrant submission 1 compounds nominated for 2022 field trials Herbicides 2 compounds with completed field trials 1 submitted to EPA, other on hold due to reg reviewInsecticides 1 compound recently registered 

https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1367&context=cranberry_extension

2022 Pesticide Safety: Pesticide Restictions and MRLs

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