Boyen, Filip

Croubels, Siska

De Backer, Patrick

De Saeger, Sarah

Eeckhout, Mia

Goossens, Joline

Haesebrouck, Freddy

Leyman, Bregje

Martel, An

Pasmans, Frank

Shearer, Neil

Thompson, Arthur

Van Deun, Kim

Van Parys, Alexander

Vandenbroucke, Virginie

Verbrugghe, Elin

English

Ghent University Academic Bibliography

Abstract template IPVS Belgian branch  Oral presentation      /    Poster    Effects of deoxynivalenol and T-2 mycotoxins on Salmonella Typhimurium infection in pigs V. Vandenbroucke1*, E. Verbrugghe2*, S. Croubels1, A. Martel2, J. Goossens1, K. Van Deun2, F. Boyen2, A. Thompson3, N. Shearer3, S. De Saeger4, M. Eeckhout5, B. Leyman2, A. Van Parys2, F. Haesebrouck2, P. De Backer1, F. Pasmans2 1Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry; 2Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University; 3Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK; 4Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Ghent University;  5Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Bioscience-engineering, University College Ghent  *shared first authorship Introduction Deoxynivalenol (DON) and T-2 toxin are trichothecene mycotoxins frequently contaminating maize and small grain cereals in moderate climate regions of Europe, North America and Asia. Among farm animals, pigs appear to be particularly sensitive to the dietary intake of DON and T-2 toxin. Depending on the dietary dose, exposure to these toxins results in anorexia, altered feed intake, reduced weight gain and even vomiting, diarrhea and immunesuppression can occur. Nontyphoidal Salmonella represents an important human and animal pathogen worldwide. In pigs, most of Salmonella infections are subclinical. However, these carrier pigs can be a major reservoir of Salmonella and thus a source of Salmonella contamination of pork meat resulting in human infection and disease [1]. With the mycotoxins DON and T-2 toxin and salmonellosis being emerging issues with possible deleterious consequences for both animal and human health, the effects of both toxins on the course of a Salmonella Typhimurium infection in pigs were investigated.  Materials and methods I. Porcine intestinal ileal loop experiments with DON Two 5-week-old piglets were used in a gut loop experiment. Under anesthesia, twelve loops were constructed commencing at the distal ileum. Four test conditions (1 ml) were injected in the loops: negative control (LB medium), 1 µg/ml of DON in LB, Salmonella Typhimurium or the combination of 1 µg/ml of DON and Salmonella Typhimurium. After 6 hours, the pigs were euthanized and samples were taken for RNA isolation. Using qRT-PCR the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-18, TNFα, IFNγ and MCP-1 was quantified.  II. Experimental infection of pigs with Salmonella Typhimurium, fed a T-2 toxin supplemented diet Three groups of 5 piglets received during 23 days a blank feed (control group), feed contaminated with 15 ± 6.5 µg/kg T-2 toxin (15 ppb group) or 83 ± 31.5 µg/kg T-2 toxin (83 ppb group), respectively. After 18 days feeding the pigs were orally inoculated with Salmonella Typhimurium, followed by euthanasia 5 days after the inoculation. Tissue samples and content of the gastrointestinal tract were collected for bacteriological analysis.   Results I. DON potentiates the intestinal inflammatory response to Salmonella Typhimurium in the ileal loop model. Exposure to 1 µg/ml of DON did not affect the mRNA expression level of any cytokine and chemokine tested. Co-exposure of the ileal loops to 1 µg/ml of DON and Salmonella for 6 hours resulted in an increased mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNFα and MCP-1, when compared to loops incubated with Salmonella alone. This increase was significant for TNFα and IL-12.   II. T-2 toxin decreases the intestinal colonization of Salmonella Typhimurium in pigs. Pigs receiving feed with T-2 toxin had lower numbers of Salmonella per gram in the content and tissue samples of the intestinal tract in comparison to the control group receiving blank feed.   Discussion and conclusions Our studies demonstrate that at relevant concentrations, both DON and T-2 toxin affect the pathogenesis of Salmonella Typhimurium infections in the pig. DON potentiates the early intestinal inflammatory response induced by Salmonella Typhimurium, whereas the interaction of T-2 toxin with Salmonella results in reduced intestinal colonization.   References  1. Authority EFSA (2008) The EFSA Journal 135: 1-111.  Acknowledgments  This work was supported by IWT Vlaanderen (IWT Landbouw 70574)  x 

Effects of the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin on the pathogenesis of a Salmonella TYphimurium infection in pigs

https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/1960080/file/1960613

Effects of the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin on the pathogenesis of a Salmonella TYphimurium infection in pigs

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