Rectangular dielectric loaded substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) H-plane horn antenna, operating at 26 GHz has been proposed in this paper. For the simulations, a substrate of thickness 3.2mm and a dielectric material of Poly Tetra Fluoro Ethylene (PTFE) has been used. The size of antenna was reduced and a dielectric slab was loaded in front of the horn. This resulted in the increase of gain and also narrow beamwidths in the E- plane and H- plane. A comparison between two horn antennas, one without dielectric loading and one with dielectric loading has been presented in this paper

NAIR, D. U.

ZELE, CHETAN

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International Journal of Electronics and Electical Engineering Volume 2 Issue 4 Article 8 April 2014 DESIGN OF SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE H- PLANE HORN ANTENNA ON A PTFE SUBSTRATE D. U. NAIR Electronics Department, Pillai’s Institute of Information Technology Navi Mumbai, India, deeptiu.nair@gmail.com CHETAN ZELE R&D Dept. Vedang Radio Technology Mumbai, India, chetan.zele@gmail.com Follow this and additional works at: https://www.interscience.in/ijeee  Part of the Power and Energy Commons Recommended Citation NAIR, D. U. and ZELE, CHETAN (2014) "DESIGN OF SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE H- PLANE HORN ANTENNA ON A PTFE SUBSTRATE," International Journal of Electronics and Electical Engineering: Vol. 2 : Iss. 4 , Article 8. DOI: 10.47893/IJEEE.2014.1110 Available at: https://www.interscience.in/ijeee/vol2/iss4/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Interscience Journals at Interscience Research Network. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Journal of Electronics and Electical Engineering by an authorized editor of Interscience Research Network. For more information, please contact sritampatnaik@gmail.com. Design of Substrate Integrated Waveguide H- Plane horn Antenna on a PTFE Substrate  DESIGN OF  SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE H- PLANE HORN ANTENNA ON A PTFE SUBSTRATE  D. U. NAIR1 & CHETAN ZELE2  1Electronics DepartmentPillai’s Institute of Information Technology Navi Mumbai, India 2R&D Dept. Vedang Radio Technology Mumbai, India Email:deeptiu.nair@gmail.com, chetan.zele@gmail.com Abstract —- Rectangular dielectric loaded substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) H-plane horn antenna, operating at 26 GHz has been proposed in this paper. For the simulations, a substrate of thickness 3.2mm and a dielectric material of Poly Tetra Fluoro Ethylene (PTFE) has been used. The size of antenna was reduced and a dielectric slab was loaded in front of the horn. This resulted in the increase of gain and also narrow beamwidths in the E- plane and H- plane. A comparison between two horn antennas, one without dielectric loading and one with dielectric loading has been presented in this paper.  Keywords— Substrate Integrated Waveguide, Dielectric loading, H-plane sectoral horn, HFSS.   I.  INTRODUCTION  Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is a type of transmission line which allows a nonplanar structure like an antenna to be transformed into a planar form by integrating it on a single substrate. This results in a compact structure. The substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technique has been investigated and developed to construct the planar rectangular waveguide [1]–[10]. It implements a waveguide on a piece of printed circuit board by emulating the side walls of the waveguide using two rows of metal posts. It inherits the merits both from the microstrip for compact size and easy integration, and from the waveguide for low radiation loss, and thus allows design of efficient microwave circuits and antennas at a low cost.   The design and fabrication of dielectric loaded SIW horn antennas on a substrate having a dielectric constant of 4.8 and thickness of 2.5 was carried out in [11] .   In this paper, a substrate with dielectric constant of 2.45, thickness of 3.2 mm and loss tangent of 0.002 is used in all the simulations. All the simulations are carried out using Ansoft HFSS. The  two structures that have been simulated are the SIW H- plane horn antenna without dielectric loading and short length rectangular dielectric loaded SIW H- plane horn antenna. The dielectric slab loaded in front of the short length horn results in a narrow E- beamwidth. By choosing proper length of the dielectric slab, the beamwidth in the H -plane can also be narrowed and consequently high gain can be obtained.  II. SIW H-PLANE SECTORAL HORN ANTENNA  The HFSS model of substrate integrated waveguide h- plane horn antenna without dielectric loading is shown in Figure.1.     Based on the design rules for SIW given in [12], the radius of the vias is chosen to be 0.5mm and the centre to centre distance is 1mm.   Figures.2, 3, 4 and 5 show the simulated results for S11, gain and beamwidths respectively.  International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJEEE) ISSN (PRINT): 2231 –5284,Vol-2,Issue-4260Design of Substrate Integrated Waveguide H- Plane horn Antenna on a PTFE Substrate  Fig.2. SIW horn antenna without dielectric loading- S11 plot  Fig 3 SIW horn antenna without dielectric loading- Gain plot   Fig 4. SIW horn antenna without dielectric loading- E- beamwidth plot   Fig 5 SIW horn antenna without dielectric loading- H-beamwidth plot  III. DIELECTRIC LOADED SIW H-PLANE SECTORAL HORN ANTENNA  The structure can be made even more compact by reducing the size of the horn. This can be achieved by reducing the length of horn and placing a dielectric slab of proper length infront of the aperture. Such a structure is shown in Fig.6. The length (L2) of the horn has been reduced to 12.45mm and a dielectric slab of length 9.5mm has been placed in front of the horn. The gain obtained is maximum for this length of the dielectric slab.   Fig 6 Short length SIW H-plane horn antenna with dielectric loading  Figures.7, 8, 9 and 10 shows the simulated results for this structure.   Fig 7 SIW horn antenna with dielectric loading- S11 plot International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJEEE) ISSN (PRINT): 2231 –5284,Vol-2,Issue-4261Design of Substrate Integrated Waveguide H- Plane horn Antenna on a PTFE Substrate   Fig 8 SIW horn antenna with dielectric loading- Gain plot   Fig 9 SIW horn antenna with dielectric loading- E-beamwidth plot   Fig 10. SIW horn antenna with dielectric loading- H-beamwidth plot  A comparison of the simulated results for without dielectric loading and with dielectric loading is shown in Table 1. It can be observed from Table 1 that, with dielectric loading, the gain is almost double than that of without loading. The frequency at which best results are obtained has been considered.  TABLE 1. COMPARISON BETWEEN WITHOUT DIELECTRIC LOADING AND WITH DIELECTRIC LOADING SIW H-plane horn antenna Return Loss (dB) Gain (dB) E- Beamwidth (degree) H- Beamwidth (degree) Without dielectric loading -13 @ 25.39 GHz 5.49 116.16 54.96 Short length with dielectric loading -22.5 @ 26 GHz 10.03 56.62 42.64  CONCLUSION  Dielectric loaded Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) H-plane horn antenna showing best results at 26 GHz  has been presented in this paper. A comparison between the simulated results of horn antenna without dielectric loading and with dielectric loading shows that by placing a dielectric slab of proper length in front of the aperture of horn results in the reduction of  beamwidths in the E-plane and H- plane, as a result of which the gain of the antenna increases. Such antennas are very much suited for automotive radar applications.  ACKNOWLEDGMENT  This work was supported by EMI/ EMC division, SAMEER( Society for Applied Microwave Electronics Engineering and Research), IIT Powai campus, Mumbai. The authors wish to express their gratitude to Smt. S. R. Ranade, H.O.D, EMI/ EMC division, SAMEER, for her helpful comments and discussions. The authors would also like to thank Shri S.S. Kakatkar and Shri G.S. Isola, senior scientists at SAMEER for their constant and timely support which helped in completing this work.  REFERENCES  [1] D.Deslandes and K. Wu, “Integrated transition of coplanar to rectangular waveguides,” in IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., Feb.2001, pp. 619–622. [2] Y. Cassivi et al., “Dispersion characteristics of substrate integrated rectangular waveguide,” IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol.12, no. 9, pp. 333–335, 2002. [3] C.-H. Tseng and T.-H. Chu, “Measurement of frequency-dependent equivalent width of substrate integrated waveguide,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 1431–1437, 2006. [4] F. Xu and K. Wu, “Guided-wave and leakage characteristics of substrate integrated waveguide,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 66–73, 2005. [5] D. Deslande and K. Wu, “Single-substrate integration technique ofplanar circuits and waveguide filters,” IEEE International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJEEE) ISSN (PRINT): 2231 –5284,Vol-2,Issue-4262Design of Substrate Integrated Waveguide H- Plane horn Antenna on a PTFE Substrate Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 593–596, 2003. [6] A. Zeid and H. Baudrand, “Electromagnetic scattering by metallic holes and its applications in microwave circuit design,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 1198–1206, 2002. [7] L. Yan et al., “Simulation and experiment on SIW slot array antenna,” IEEE Microw.Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 446–448, 2004. [8] D. Deslandes and K.Wu, “Integrated microstrip and rectangular waveguide in planar form,” IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 11, pp. 68–70, 2001  [9] F. Xu, K.Wu, and W. Hong, “Domain-decomposition FDTD algorithm combined with numerical TL calibration technique and its application in parameter extraction of substrate integrated,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 329–338, 2006. [10] Z. L. Li and K. Wu, “An new approach to integrated horn antenna,” in Proc. Int. Symp. on Antenna Technology and Applied Electromagnetics, Jul. 2004, pp. 535–538. [11] Hao Wang, Da-Gang Fang , Bing Zhang , Wen-Quan Che, “Dielectric Loaded Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) H-Plane Horn Antennas,” IEEE Trans.  Antenna and Propagation vol. 58, no. 3, March 2010 [12] Dominic Deslandes,  and Ke Wu,“Accurate Modeling, Wave Mechanisms, and Design Considerations of a Substrate Integrated Waveguide,” IEEE Trans. Microw.Theory Tech., vol. 54, no. 6, June 2006.     International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJEEE) ISSN (PRINT): 2231 –5284,Vol-2,Issue-4263

DESIGN OF SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE H- PLANE HORN ANTENNA ON A PTFE SUBSTRATE

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DESIGN OF SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE H- PLANE HORN ANTENNA ON A PTFE SUBSTRATE

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