Kessler, Danielle A

Lane, Scott D, PhD

Schmitz, Joy M, PhD

Suchting, Robert, PhD

Webber, Heather E, PhD

English

Scholar Commons @ Tower Health

1Drexel University College of Medicine; 2University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonParticipants• 17 current cocaine use disorder• 15 current cocaine use disorder with 1-6 months abstinenceSubjective Sleep Quality• Quality of sleep over the past seven days (rating 1-10)• Quality of sleep from the previous night (rating 1-10)Resting state EEG• 90 seconds of resting state EEG recorded in two conditions: eyes open and eyes closed• EEG data collected with 64-channel actiCAP, amplified with Brain Amp MR, recorded with Brain Vision Recorder• EEG data preprocessed in Brain Vision Analyzer• Alpha power was calculated using the Fast-Fourier transformation and averaging the log-transformed power spectra of the alpha band (8-13 Hz) Statistical Analyses• Pearson correlations used to measure the relationship between self-reported sleep quality from the past seven days/last night and alpha power at 64 electrodes• Correlations performed separately for the eyes opened and eyes closed conditionsMethodsSleep Quality by Group• No differences in sleep quality between current and abstinent cocaine users for the past 7 days or the last nightAlpha Power & Sleep Quality • Abstinent cocaine users: alpha power was negatively correlated with self-reported sleep quality over the past 7 days in both the eyes opened and eyes closed conditions (largest r = -0.68, p < 0.05)• Significant correlations observed in the occipital region (eyes closed condition) and the right temporal region (eyes opened condition)• Current cocaine users: alpha power was not significantly associated with sleep quality at any electrode (largest r = -0.32, p > 0.05)• R values from the Pearson correlations and associated p values are mapped onto the corresponding electrodes in the figures to the rightFigure Scaling• Top scale: Represents Pearson’s R values for the correlations• Bottom scale: Represents p values for the correlationsResults Results• Lower sleep quality associated with larger measures of resting neural deactivation in abstinent cocaine users• Relationship is strongest for sleep quality ratings over the past seven days than over the last night• Accumulation of poor sleep has a greater impact on neural activation than one night of poor sleep• Stronger correlations were observed for eyes closed compared to eyes opened• Consistent with less neural activation due to visual input in the occipital region when eyes are closed• Relationship between lower sleep quality and neural deactivation is not seen in current cocaine users• In current cocaine users, sleep quality might not significantly impact alpha power• With at least 4 weeks of abstinence, better sleep quality was associated with less resting alpha power (i.e., less neural deactivation)• Current users may not get as much benefit from sleep as abstinent users, even if subjective sleep is similar• Could signify brain returning to homeostasis with abstinence• Results highlight resting alpha power as a potential target for addressing sleep issues or as an objective measure of sleep effects in individuals with substance use disordersDiscussion• Relationship between sleep quality and alpha power should be further studied in substance using populations• Future directions include identifying treatments that target sleep and/or alpha power changes in current cocaine usersFuture Prospects• The authors would like to thank Sarah McKay for her help with collecting the EEG dataAcknowledgementsSleep Quality Predicts Resting Alpha Power in Abstinent Cocaine UsersDanielle A. Kessler1, Scott D. Lane2, Joy M. Schmitz2, Robert Suchting2, and Heather E. Webber2Cocaine & Sleep• Chronic cocaine use contributes to decreased sleep quality through reduced sleep time 1• Sleep loss augments reward behavior and increases cocaine craving 1• Several weeks of abstinence improves sleep quality 2Electroencephalogram (EEG) Markers of Sleep Effects• Alpha power occurs over the back of head during resting wakefulness• Increased alpha power (8-13 Hz) - associated with neural deactivation and correlated with increased sleepiness 3,4• Differences in resting alpha power may depend on EEG recording condition (eyes open or eyes closed)• Alpha power - positively correlated with sleepiness in the eyes open condition, negatively correlated with sleepiness in the eyes closed condition5Current Study• Alpha power & sleep has been studied in healthy samples, but this effect has not been investigated in substance users, a population known to have poor sleep quality• Goal of the current study: assess effects of at least 4 weeks cocaine abstinence on the relationship between sleep quality and alpha powerIntroduction6.766.266.537.760123456789Past 7 Days Last NightSleep Quality by Cocaine Using GroupCurrent Abstinentp = 0.713 p = 0.071 Bjorness TE, Greene RW. Interaction between cocaine use and sleep behavior: A comprehensive review of cocaine's disrupting influence on sleep behavior and sleep disruptions influence on reward seeking. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior. 2021 Jul;206:173194. DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173194. PMID: 33940055; PMCID: PMC8519319.2 Angarita GA, Emadi N, Hodges S, Morgan PT. Sleep abnormalities associated with alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, and opiate use: a comprehensive review. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2016;11(1):9. Published 2016 Apr 26. doi:10.1186/s13722-016-0056-7.3 Zhang J, Lau EYY, Hsiao JH. Sleep deprivation compromises resting-state emotional regulatory processes: An EEG study. J Sleep Res. 2019;28(3):e12671. doi:10.1111/jsr.12671.4 Strijkstra AM, Beersma DG, Drayer B, Halbesma N, Daan S. Subjective sleepiness correlates negatively with global alpha (8-12 Hz) and positively with central frontal theta (4-8 Hz) frequencies in the human resting awake electroencephalogram. Neurosci Lett. 2003;340(1):17-20. doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(03)00033-8.5 Ochab JK, Szwed J, Oleś K, et al. Observing changes in human functioning during induced sleep deficiency and recovery periods. PLoSOne. 2021;16(9):e0255771. Published 2021 Sep 1. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0255771ReferencesEyes Closed Condition Eyes Open ConditionAbove: Correlation between alpha power and sleep over the past seven days in abstinent users (left) and current users (right).Above: Correlation between alpha power and sleep over the last night in abstinent users (left) and current users (right).Above: Correlation between alpha power and sleep over the past seven days in abstinent users (left) and current users (right).Above: Correlation between alpha power and sleep over the last night in abstinent users (left) and current users (right).

Sleep Quality Predicts Resting Alpha Power in Abstinent Cocaine Users

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Sleep Quality Predicts Resting Alpha Power in Abstinent Cocaine Users

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