Water quality monitoring and evaluation is a major feature of the Rural Clean Water Program and will likely be included in related programs in the future. The Proceedings examine the state-of-the-arts in water quality monitoring and modeling, the needs of user groups and the relationship between modeling and monitoring. The linkage between economic and water quality monitoring, modeling and evaluation is explored. A systems approach, utilizing models and monitoring, is presented as a useful tool in designing water quality control projects, determining pollution abatement effects, quantifying the impacts of alternative strategies and management systems and evaluating the effectiveness of pollution control measures