Rajsz, Adam

Wojtuń, Bronisław

English

Masaryk University Journals / Časopisy Masarykovy univerzity

BIOSCIENCES 2019 - ABSTRACTS 125 Nitrate reductase activity in coexisting high-mountain plants from Central Europe  Adam Rajsz, Bronisław Wojtuń  Mountain and Polar Ecosystems Laboratory; Department of Ecology, Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection,University of Wrocław Kanonia Street 6-8, PL-50-328 Wrocław, Poland   Keywords: nitrogen, alpine ans subalpine plants, nitrate reductase activity, plant ecophysiology  Abstract  The overall aim of the study was to conduct comparative characterization of nitrate re-ductase (NR) activity in high-mountain plant species from Central Europe on the exam-ple of Karkonosze mountains. NR is an enzyme involved in primary nitrogen metabo-lism in plant cell. We measured NRA in typical vascular plant species from subalpine and alpine belts of the Karkonosze in the context of taxonomic position, and growth form. The measured differences reflected taxonomic position mainly, but partially also ecological preferences.  INTRODUCTION       Inorganic soil nitrogen forms are one of the main growth limiting factor for terrestrial pants (Vitousek and Howarth 1991). Nitrate is considered as the one of most important soil nitrogen forms for terrestrial plants. Nitrate reductase (NR) is an enzyme involved in primary nitrate metabolism in plant cell and is the one of most intensively studied enzymes (Campbell 1988, Filippou et al. 2014, Chmura et al. 2016). Due to its function, the NR activity (NRA) can be an useful tool for plant nitrate assimilation preferences assessment. However our knowledge about NRA in high-mountain vascular plants is still very poor. Well example of typical, Central Europe high-mountain conditions are these located above tree-line in Karkonosze, therefore it is a good place to test the nutritional preferences of high-mountain plants typical for this part of the World.   MATERIALS AND METHODS       Twenty six plant species of the families Asteraceae, Ericaceae, Poaceae, Poly-gonaceae, Salicaceae, Pinaceae, Ranunculaceae, Woodsiaceae, Cyperaceae, Juncaceae, Rosaceae and Urticaceae representing twelve different growth forms (deciduous dwarf shrubs, deciduous shrubs, deciduous tree, evergreen dwarf shrub, evergreen shrub, ever-green tree, forb, fern, grass, nitrophilous forb, rush and sedge) were investigated in seven habitats of subalpine and alpine belts of the Karkonosze, with respect to leaf NRA and mineral soil nitrogen forms. NRA was measured by an in vivo assay for the first time directly in the field. We used the method of NRA measurement with our own modifi-cations (Rajsz et al. 2017). Soil nitrogen forms concentration was measured with use of flow injection analyzer (MLE Germany). For statistical analyzes we used Statistica pack-age (StatSoft inc. 2014) and Primer 7 statistical software (Primer-E, Plymouth UK) (Anderson et al. 2008). BIOSCIENCES 2019 - ABSTRACTS 126 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION       We observed considerable differences in NR activity among species, families and growth forms (Table 1). The differences reflected mainly the taxonomical position and partially ecological preferences. PERMANOVA analysis confirmed that variance com-ponent showed the enzyme activities were mostly explained by plant species and growth form, and to a lesser extent the habitat type. Overall, the high-mountain species from their native habitats were characterized by very low and low abilities for nitrate metabo-lism. However nitrophilous forbs shoved very high NRA compared to other groups. We also compared NRA values with actual Ellenberg`s N indicator numbers for the studied plants. Using a constructed regression equation, we corrected N values for some species and calculated them for the first time for the others.   Growth form Median Minimum Maximum NFb 13,55d 8.39 22,46 Fb 1.64c 0.18 20.80 G 1.58b 0.61 4.07 S 0.83ab 0.11 1.91 R 1.40abc 1.09 1.78 Fn 0.95abc 0.82 1.35 Dt 0.41abc 0.27 0.71 Eds 0.08a 0.00 0.18 Dds 0.00a 0.00 0.13 Es 0.06a 0.03 0.21 Ds 0.08ab 0.06 0.09 Et 0.13ab 0.10 0.24  Table 1. Nitrate reductase activity (NRA) [µM NO2- g-1 DW h-1] in different plant growth forms. NFb – nitrophilous forbs, Fb – forbs, G – grasses, S – sedges, R – rushes, Fn – ferns, Dt – deciduous trees, Eds – evergreen dwarf shrubs, Dds – deciduous dwarf shrubs, Es – evergreen shrubs, Ds – deciduous shrubs, Et – evergreen trees. Statistically significant differences among growth forms (K-W test (Siegel-Castellan)) are marked by an index (a,b,c,d).   REFERENCES  ANDERSON, M. J., GORLEY, R. N. and CLARKE, K. R. (2008): PERMANOVA+ for PRIMER: Guide to Software and Statistical Methods. Plymouth: PRIMER-E, 214 p. CAMPBELL, W. H. (1988): Nitrate reductase and its role in nitrate assimila tion in plants. Physiologia Plantarum, 74: 214-219. CHMURA, D., KRYWULT, M. and KOZAK, J. L. (2016): Nitrate reductase activity (NRA) in the invasive alien Fallopia japonica: seasonal variation, differences among habitats types, and comparison with native species. Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 85: 3514. FILIPPOU, P., BOUCHAGIER, P., SKOTTI, E. and FOTOPOULOS, V. (2014): Proline and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species metabolism is involved in tolerant response of the invasive plant species Alianthus altissima to drought and salinity. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 97: 1-10. RAJSZ, A., WOJTUŃ, B. and BYTNEROWICZ, A. (2017): In situ assay of nitrate reductase activity using portable water bath. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 189: 332. STATISTICA (2014): "Data Analysis Software System, Version 12." www.statsoft.com (access 5.01.2018) VITOUSEK, P. M, HOWARTH, R. W. (1991): Nitrogen limitation on land and in the sea: How can it occur? Biogeochemistry, 13: 87-115.    

Nitrate reductase activity in coexisting high-mountain plants from Central Europe

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Nitrate reductase activity in coexisting high-mountain plants from Central Europe

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