Analysis of 21 basil (Ocimum spp.) genotypes grown at Raipur (Chhattisgarh) revealed thata maximum of five genotypes were accommodated in clusters I and II followed by fourgenotypes in clusters III and V, and three genotypes in cluster IV. The intra-cluster distancebetween members of cluster IV was maximum followed by clusters I, II, III and V, suggestingthat the genotypes in cluster IV were relatively more diverse.
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Anjali Shrivastava, Prabha Nirmodh, Mayuri admin Sahu, A K Geda,

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244Basil (Ocimum spp.) has long been recognizedas a diverse and rich source of cyto-taxonomical, genetical and chemicalvariability in different geographical races(Pushpangadan et al. 1979). However, notmuch effort has been made for its geneticimprovement. Hence, the present study wasundertaken to classify and understand thenature and magnitude of genetic diversitypresent in 21 indigenous basil genotypesavailable at Indira Gandhi AgriculturalUniversity, Raipur (Chhattisgarh).The material for the present investigationincluded 21 genotypes/accessions of Ocimumspp. collected from different sources. Thesewere grown in a complete randomized blockdesign with three replications at Raipur,during the wet season of 2004. Appropriatemanagement and cultural practices wereundertaken. Each genotype was grown inplots of 3 rows of 2 m length at spacing of 45cm between row and 30 cm between plantsin a row. A uniform rate of fertilizer dose ofNPK @ 60, 40, 40 kg ha -1 with farmyardAnalysis of genetic divergence in basil (Ocimum spp.)Mayuri Sahu, A K Geda, Anjali Shrivastava & Prabha NirmodhDepartment of Plant Breeding and GeneticsIndira Gandhi Agricultural UniversityRaipur-492 006, Chattisgargh, India.Received 14 August 2007; Revised 12 August 2008; Accepted 15 October 2008AbstractAnalysis of 21 basil (Ocimum spp.) genotypes grown at Raipur (Chhattisgarh) revealed thata maximum of five genotypes were accommodated in clusters I and II followed by fourgenotypes in clusters III and V, and three genotypes in cluster IV. The intra-cluster distancebetween members of cluster IV was maximum followed by clusters I, II, III and V, suggestingthat the genotypes in cluster IV were relatively more diverse.Keywords: basil, cluster analysis, genetic divergence, Ocimum spp.manure @ 10 t ha-1 was applied. Observationswere recorded in five randomly selected plantsof each accession. The data were subjected tothe Mahalanobis D2 analysis (1936) tomeasure the genetic divergence.The genotypes were grouped into a numberof clusters. The criteria was that any twogenotypes on an average showing lower D2value were grouped in the same cluster, whilethose showing high D2 values were groupedinto different clusters. Based on the relativemagnitude of D2 values, the 21 genotypeswere grouped into five clusters(Table 1). A maximum of five genotypes wereaccommodated in clusters I and II followedby four genotypes each in clusters III and V,and three genotypes in cluster IV. The intra-cluster distance between members of clusterIV was maximum followed by clusters I, II,III and V, suggesting that genotypes in clusterIV were relatively more diverse. The minimumintra-cluster distance exhibited by cluster Vindicated limited genetic diversity among theconstituents genotypes (Table 2).Journal of Spices and Aromatic CropsVolume 17 (3) :  244–246 (2008) Indian Society for Spices245emphasis in breeding programme should begiven to genotypes OCL-3 and OCL-11 ofcluster I; OCL-5 and OCL-8 of cluster IV;RRL-OC-11 and OCL-7 of cluster V. Crossesamong parents having genetic divergence arelikely to yield desirable combinationstherefore, a crossing programme should beinitiated between genotypes belonging todifferent clusters. Particular genotypes maybe selected from selected clusters forconsideration as parent in crossing schemes.There was a wide range of variation in clustermean values for most of the traits exceptnumber of inflorescence plant-1 (Table 3). Themaximum and minimum mean value forcharacters were, days to 50% flowering: 51.44(IV) and 84.80 (II); days to maturity: 124.54(V) and 178.67 (II); plant height: 66.32 (I) and97.18 (IV); number of primary branchesplant-1: 6.11 (IV) and 13.42 (V); number ofsecondary branches plant-1: 3.20 (II) and  9.58(III); length of inflorescences: 8.39 (IV) and16.46 (I); plant spread: 64.52 (II) and 80.74(V); dry plant biomass: 155.23 (I) and 293.11(IV); fresh plant biomass: 328.17 (I) and 814.67(IV); acid value of oil: 1.85 (III) and 5.16 (I);ester value of oil: 17.11 (IV) and 46.32 (V) andTable 2. Mean intra- (diagonal and bold) andinter-cluster D2 values of 21 geno-types of basilCluster I II III IV VI 2.492II 3.859 2.396III 3.582 3.247 2.203IV 5.461 4.249 4.021 2.779V 3.238 4.350 3.601 4.386 2.046The relative divergence of each cluster fromthe other cluster (inter-cluster distance)indicated greater divergence between clusterI and IV (D2=5.461) followed by cluster IV andV (D2=4.386), cluster II and V (D2=4.350) andcluster II and IV (D2=4.249). The selection ofdiversed genotypes from these clusters wouldproduce a broad spectrum of variability foroil yield, which may enable further selectionand improvement of yield components. Thehybrids developed from the selectedgenotypes within the limits of compatibilityof these clusters, may produce highmagnitude of heterosis or desirabletrangressive segregants, which would berewarding in a breeding programme. DueTable 1. Clustering pattern of 21 genotypes of basilCluster No. of genotypes included Genotype Place of origin/adaptationI 5 OCL-1 Neemuch (Madhya Pradesh)OCL-3, OCL-10 Akola, Pune (Maharashtra)OCL-11, OCL-12 Raipur (Chhattishgarh)II 5 O. sanctum-1 RRL-Jammu (Jammu & Kashmir)O. kilimandscharicum-1 RRL-Jammu (Jammu & Kashmir)RRL-Og-14 RRL-Jammu (Jammu & Kashmir)O. kilimandscharicum-2 RRL-Jammu (Jammu & Kashmir)O. sanctum-2 Mandi (Himachal Pradesh)III 4 OCL-4 Rajgarh (Madhya Pradesh)CIM-Shayam, CIMAP (Uattar Pradesh)O. basilicum, RRL-OC-12 RRL-Jammu (Jammu & Kashmir)IV 3 OCL-5 Raipur (Chhattishgarh)OCL-6 Palampur (Himachal Pradesh)OCL-8 Rewa (Madhya Pradesh)V 4 OCL-2 Raipur (Chhattishgarh)OCL-9 Rajnandgaon (Chhattishgarh)OCL- 7 Jaipur (Rajasthan)RRL-OC-11 RRL-Jammu (Jammu & Kashmir)Genetic divergence in basil246essential oil per cent: 0.38 (III) and 0.61 (II),respectively. This indicated that whileplanning hybridization programmes,genotypes like OCL-3 and OCL-11 fromcluster I (for characters such as dwarfness,length of inflorescence and acid value of oil);OCL-5 and OCL-8 of cluster IV (for tallness,earliness, dry and fresh plant biomass); RRl-OC-11 and OCL-7 of cluster V (for primarybranches plant-1 and ester value of oil) andgenotypes O. kilimandscharicum-1 andO. kilimandscharicum-2 of cluster II (for oil%, number of inflorescence plant -1, leastnumber secondary branches plant -1, leastplant spread); are expected to give promisingand desirable recombinants in segregatinggenerations as they possess desirable featuresas seen from their cluster means.ReferencesMahalanobis P C 1936 A statistical study of Chi-nese head measurement. J. Asiatic Soc.Bengal 25: 301-377.Pushpangadan P, Sobti S N & Thappa R K 1979Genetic improvement and physio-chemical evaluation of a citral typestrain of Ocimum americanum L. IndianPerf. 23 (1): 21-24.Sahu et al.Table 3. Cluster means for various quantitative characters of basilNo. ofDays toDays toPlantNo. ofNo. ofNo. ofLength ofPlantDryFreshAcidEsterOilClustergenotypes50%maturityheightprimarysecondaryinflores-inflores-spreadplantplantvaluevaluecontentflowering(cm)branchesbranchescencescences(cm)biomassbiomassof oilof oil(%)plant -1plant -1branch -1(cm)(g)(g)I562.00129.2766.3213.078.003.8716.4669.20155.23328.175.1629.320.46II584.80178.6777.49 9.673.204.1311.5964.52224.57607.704.1018.810.61III475.92155.1777.1711.339.583.5814.9169.84260.67749.531.8520.410.38IV351.44129.8997.186.115.002.568.3973.91293.11814.674.8717.110.55V452.08124.5070.7213.425.753.3313.2080.74187.81635.381.9346.320.55

Analysis of genetic divergence in basil (Ocimum spp.)

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Analysis of genetic divergence in basil (Ocimum spp.)

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