Hypertension is a leading risk factor affecting mortality and disability-adjusted life years worldwide.55 It is considered to be the third major cause of disease burden, globally.
Regardless of the advancement in medical science, reports have shown a rising trend in
hypertension prevalence among Indians.
It is a chronic disorder, so long term intake of medicine is necessary to control elevated
blood pressure. Long term usage of drugs may have adverse impacts on patients health and
quality of life. This study specifically tried to find out the prevalence of Cardiac Events and
investigation of abnormalities in ARB inhibitors.
The total outcome of the study was clear and demonstrative. This study comprised of
112 patients, out of which, most patients were in the age group of 50-59 years Mean age of the
study population was 55.7 ± 6years. In this study, the male patients 61% were more
predominant in number than the female patients 39%. A study conducted by Aslam et al.
showed that the patients were in the age group of 50-59 years with regard to gender
distribution, 59.7% were males. In this study shows majority of the patients were overweight.
Out of 112 patients, non smokers and non alcoholic were more exposed to drug related
outcomes than smokers and alcoholics.
A total of 112 patients, 51.07% (59) were having 1 year duration of Hypertension,
12.1% (13) were having 2-4years duration of Hypertension, 18.01% (20) were having 5-10 years duration of hypertension, and 18.01% (20) were having 10-15 years duration of Hypertension. (Table 6, Figure 6).
The co-morbidities like diabetes mellitus and other complications co-exist with
hypertension. But patients with no co-morbidity other than hypertension are more predominant in this study. (Table 7, figure 7)
A total of 112 patients, 6.6% (7) prescribed with candesartan , 20.53% (23) prescribed
with telmesartan, 54.46% (61) prescribed with losartan, 12.5% prescribed with (14) prescribed
with olmesartan and 6.25% (7) prescribed with valsartan. (Table 8, Figure 8) This shows that
losartan is the most prescribed drug in the study population. This shows that losartan is the
most prescribed drug in the study population
PREVALENCE OF CARDIAC EVENTS
The prevalence of cardiac events in hypertensive patients with ARB inhibitors were
found to be 20.53%. Our study also shows that the Prevalence of Angina pectoris and
Myocardial infarction were predominant among cardiac events which were 10.71 % and 9.8%
respectively. Males were more prone to the incidences of Angina and myocardial infarction.
INVESTIGATION OF LIPID PROFILE CHANGES AMONG THE STUDY
POPULATIONS
In this study we evaluated the ARB using patient on lipids level like TC, LDL, and HDL.
We noted a positive effect of ARB on most lipids indices. As well as different alterations in lipid
level according to the individual agent used. More precisely, TC and LDL level were mostly
decreased in Losartan subgroup. (Table 14,15 and Figure 14, 15 ). While the reduction in HDL
level was best in the Olmesartan as well as Losartan. (Figure16)
Compared to all ARB drugs losartan was controlled the lipid level in hypertension patients.
Similarly another study conducted by Kyvelou et al.55 reported that TC and LDL levels were
mostly decreased in the candesartan. while the reduction in ApoB levels and TC/HDL ratio was
best in the valsartan. TGL levels were decreased only by the valsartan and losartan drugs.
CONCLUSION:
The prevalence of Cardiac events like Angina pectoris and myocardial
infarction in males were much higher than in females. This indicates that
hospitalization of cardiac events for males has increased who were in the age group
of 50-59.
Patients who are overweight according to BMI are having the highest risk of
cardiac events. Moderate exercises can be recommended to the patients so that the
prevalence of cardiac events can be possibly reduced.
Patients prescribed with Telmesartan are having higher Prevalence of cardiac
events among all the ARB inhibitors prescribed. So the pharmacist should actively participate and intervene to reduce the Prevalence and recommend alternate drug therapy to the physician.
The Investigation of Lipid Profile Changes like TC, LDL and HDL levels were more in male population and also predominant with alcoholics . Compared to all ARB
drugs, the drug losartan was controlled the lipid level in hypertension patients.
Further studies may be carried out with other classes of drugs
