From a total of 2,200 seedlings, obtained by self-pollination of cv. Chardonnay clone SMA 130, 250 plants were chosen and grown in a hot microclimate area. During 1986-88, morphological traits of shoot tip, leaf and bunch, as well as juice quality (sugars, pH, titratable acidity, malic and tartaric acid) were evaluated. A wide variability of the acid characteristics was noticed in the offspring. There was a significant positive correlation between total acidity and bunch size. Tartaric acid concentration was highest in medium-size bunches. A highly significant negative correlation was found between tartaric acid concentration and berry volume. More acid juice was also obtained from grapevines with a narrower apex

Romano, F.

Scienza, A.

Stefini, S.

Villa, P.

English

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Genetic resources, evaluation and screening 93 Variability of must acidity inself pollinated Chardonnay progeny P. VILLA 1•3), A SciE"-"ZA 1. 2), F. RoMANo 2) and S. STEFINI 3) 1) Istituto di Coltivazioni Arboree, Universitä. degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 1-20133 Milano, ltaly 2) Istituto Agrario Provinciale, Via E. Mach 1, I-38010 San Micheie all' Adige, Trento, ltaly l) Centro Vitivin.icolo Provinciale, Via Romiglia 2, 1·25124 Brescia, Italy Summary: From a total of 2.200 seedlings, obtained by self·pollination of cv. Chardonnay clone SMA 130, 250 plants were chosen and grown in a hot microclimate area. During 1986-88, morphological traits of shoot tip, leaf and bunch, as well as juice quality (Sugars, pH, titratable acidity, malle and tanaric acid) were evaluated A wide variability of the acid characteristics was nmiced in the offspring. There was a significant positive correlation between total acidity and bunch size. Tanaric acid concentration was highest in medium·size bunches. A highly significanr negative correlation was found between tanaric acid concentration and berry volume. Moreacidjuice was also obtained from grapevines with a narrower apex. K e y wo r d s: self-pollination, seedling, selec:tion, biometry, analysis, morphology, shoot, leaf, bunch, must quality, acidity. In trod uction The heterozygous nature of grapevine is an imerfering feature for any effective breeding program, hence the requirement for an investigation on the genetic variability of desirable traits within each clone (FA:-.:IzzA and R.4.om 1973; FIROOZABADY and ÜLMo 1987). One ofthe classical approaches for gathering infonnation about the disuibution ofthe genes ofinterest across a given population is the study ofthe offspring from recurrenr self·pollinations (WAGNER 1975; VINCOURT and GALLAis 1983). According to this scheme, a genetic program was undertaken with the cv. Chardonnay. The trait considered was: highly acidic must - a most needed feature for grapes tobe grown in hot climates across Italy. Material and methods The population under investigation over the 1986-88 period included the SMA 130 Chardonnay clone and 250 fertile plants om of the about 2,200 seedlings obtained through self· pollination. The vines were planred on their own roots in the vineyard of the Centro Vitivinicolo Provinciale, Brescia, which is located in a hot microclimate area. The circumference of the trunk 20 cm above ground and the number ofnodes were used to define the general vigor. A number of morphological traits (tip fonn, leaf size, lobe number, tooth shape. shape ofpetiolar sinus, cluster size, berry shape and size) were cJassified according to O.l.V. standards (O.LV. 1983). The width and length of the duster v.·ere measured and their compacmess rated as: 1 = compact, 2 ... weil filled, 3 = loose. The fruits were crushed and total sugar content, pH~ titratable acidity, malic and tartaric acid concemration ofjuice were deterrnined. Data reduction was by uni· and multivariate statistics. Results The figure shows the frequency distribution of titratable acidity~ tartaric and malic acid, as measured in the must from the oft~pring of self-pollinated Chardonnay. Table 1 compares the range of variability for the characters above within the parent clone and among the seedlings in 3 40 30 20 10 I 5 10 30 total acidity 20 10 •• Jl I 15 20 5 tartaric acid 10 40 30 20 10 • 0 Frequency distribution of titratable acidity, tartaric acid and malic acid in the must from the offspring of self. pollinated Chardonnay. malle acid ll.lt. 5 10 Genetic resources, evaluation and screening 95 Table 1: VaTiabilityrange on 3 harvest years for quality traits in a Chardonnay clone and its self·pollination ACIDITY MALIC ACID TARTARIC ACID parent offspring parent offspring parent offspring 1985 4.42-6.72 5.25-9.21 .2.13-5.85 3.49-7.39 2.22-3.70 2.24-3.70 1986 6.61-10.7 6.85-12.7 2.07-5.81 2.46-6.32 6.24-8.40 6.29-9.11 1987 6. 90-11.6 6.10-10.8 2.36-7.10 1.38-5.44 4.02-4.81 3.51-5.99 mean 5.97-9.67 6.06-10.9 2.18-6.25 2.44-6.38 4.16-5.63 4.C1-6.26 Ta ble 2: Cerrelation between must acidity and morphological traits for the self-pollinated progeny from a Chardonnay clone ACIDITY MALIC ACID TARTARIC ACID CLUSTER SIZE 0.315*** 0.077 -0.139* BERRY SIZE -0.090 0.054 -0.356*** BERRY SHAPE -0.071 -0.087 -0.054 NUMBER OF NODES 0.051 -0.002 -0.051 GENERAL VIGOR 0.094 0.037 -0.107 FORM OF TIP -0.109 -0.217* 11 * 0.048 LEAF SIZE -0.001 -0.110 -0.053 subsequent years. Only a minor improvement was observed in the seedling population, and there is little variation ofthe figures over the 3-year test period. Table 2 relates some morphological traits versus titratable acidity and its components. A significant positive correlation is observed between total acidity and bunch size, while no relationship seems ro exist with other paramerers. An opposite trend is found for bunch size and tanaric acid, whose concentration is highesr in medium-size bunches. Very significant is then the (negative) relationship of acidity versus berry solume, i. e. the increase of tanaric acid concenrration with decreasing fruir size. Better (= more acidic) grapes were also obtained from plants bearing leaves with a lm.ver number oflobes and with a narrewer apex. 96 Section 1 Conclusions Since its establishment, the cv. Chardonnay has undergone a - direct or indirect- selection favoring the biotypes with highly acidic must, intended for the production of sparkling wine. This character is very stable \\ithin the clone, as shown by the constancy of the figures evaluated on different vintages as weil as from the small standard de\·iation for this character among the progeny seedlings. Also to be taken into account and funher tested in any future breeding program is the finding that in this cultivar a !arger bunch but a smaller berry size parallel a lügher acidic content. References FA~IZZA, G.; R.-'.DDI, P.; 1973: The heritabiliry of fruit ripening date in Fitis rin!(era L. Vitis 12, 93·96. FtROOZABADY, E.; ÜLMO , H. P.; 1987: Heritabiliry and correlation studies of cenain quantitative traits in table grapes, Fitis spp. Vitis 26, 132·146. O.LV.; 1983: Codes des caracteres descriptifs des varietes er especes de Fitis. Oflice International de Ia Vigne et du Vin, Paris. Vr?>:COüRT, P.; GALLAIS, A.; 1983: Sur Ia recherchedes criteres de selection: La regression geno-phenotypique. Agronomie 3, 827-830. W.-'.G:>ER, R.: 1975: Amelioration genetiquede Ia vigne. Ann. Amelior. Planres 25. 151·175. Characterization of Vitis vinifera biotypes through biochemical methods G. TEoEsco, G. C-'.RG"-'ELLO, E. z .... '\.ARDr:-.-r. P. VILLA and E. Gt. ... :-.-.uz .... Dipanimemo di Biologia, Via Celoria 26, 1·20133 Milano, ltaly Abstract : Wehave shown that the soluble prorein fraction from pollenwallwas clone specific and independem of environmental as weil as cultural conditions. Along this line, we have compared several biotypes belanging to the cultivar Nebbiolo; the samples were collected in two distinct, typicaf areas. When analyzed with two different electrophoretic procedures. the prorein pattern vari:ed extensively b e t w e e n the groups while it was constant w i t hin each group. Three supposedly distinct cultiYars- Vermentino. Pigata and Favorita- grafred on the same rootstock and grown in the same fann. gave excactly the same electrophoretic pattem for pollen wall proteins as weil as storage and enzyme components from the seed. This evidence suggests that the three cultivars share an identical genetic background. 

Variability of must acidity in self pollinated Chardonnay progeny

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Variability of must acidity in self pollinated Chardonnay progeny

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