Katoaka, I.

Mochioka, R.

Poudel, P. R.

English

JKI Open Journal Systems (Julius Kühn-Institut)

Vitis 46 (1), 47–48 (2007)Bud burst was recorded after 4 weeks of forcing the cuttings in a growth chamber. It was reached when green tissue came visible beneath the bud scales. Chilling re-quirement was considered to be complete when the bud burst exceeded 70 % and no further increase was observed. Each treatment had 10 cuttings and three replications. Berry characteristics were evaluated at harvest in 2005. Total soluble solids (TSS) were measured using a digital refractometer (Atago, Japan). Titratable acidity (TA) was determined as tartaric acid by titrating with 0.1N NaOH to pH 8.1. The anthocyanin from 25 g pericarps was extracted in 100 ml of HCl:methanol (1:99) by incubating the ho-mogenate for 5 h in the dark. A 0.5 ml aliquot was diluted 10 times and absorbance was measured at 537 nm using UV/VIS spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Japan). Results were expressed as malvidin equivalent. Data were subjected to the arc Sin square root transfor-mation before analysis. Differences between means were calculated by the LSD test at 5 % level. Computations were done by SPSS for windows version 13.0 (SPSS Japan Inc., Japan). Results and Discussion: Bud burst of 'Kadainou R-1' and its parents after exposure to different chilling times (<7 °C) is presented in the Figure. Ryuukyuuganebu showed quite low chilling requirement to complete en-dodormancy. More than 90 % bud burst was observed in Ryuukyuuganebu cuttings even though they were exposed to only 200 h of chilling. In contrast, bud burst of 'Muscat of Alexandria' was negligible below 600 h of chilling but reached 70 % after 800 h of chilling. Bud burst of 'Muscat of Alexandria' was always significantly lower (p = 0.05) than that of Ryuukyuuganebu even after 1000 h of chilling. On the other hand, bud burst of 'Kadainou R-1' was above 80 % under all chilling conditions. However, the rate of bud burst was always slightly lower than that of Ryuukyu-uganebu.Ryuukyuuganebu is found on the Amami, Ryuukyuu and Yaeyama islands (NAKAGAWA et al. 1991) in the sub-tropical region of Japan. In the natural habitat this species has no dormancy period. The geographic distribution of the species may have influenced the chilling requirement. The low chilling trait of 'Kadainou R-1' could be inherited Research NoteLow chilling trait of Vitis ficifolia var. Ganebu and its introduction into Vitis vinifera by cross breedingP. R. POUDEL1), I. KATOAKA2) and R. MOCHIOKA1)1) University Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Sanuki, Kagawa, Japan2) Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, JapanK e y    w o r d s :  Chilling requirement, berry composition, Ryuukyuuganebu, Kadainou R-1. Introduction: Under subtropical conditions, grape-vine suffering from inadequate winter chilling exhibits de-layed and erratic bud burst, decreased shoots and clusters per vine, and poor uniformity of fruit development. Con-sequently, yield and quality are reduced (DOKOOZLIAN et al. 1995). To solve this problem, chemicals such as hydrogen cyanamide (KUBOTA et al. 2000) and calcium cyanamide (IWASAKI and WEAVER 1977) have been applied to enhance bud burst.On the other hand, genetic improvement of the chill-ing requirement of genotypes from subtropical origins is an alternative to replace chemical treatments.V. ficifolia var. Ganebu (commonly named Ryuukyu-uganebu) is a native species, distributed in the subtropi-cal region of Japan particularly on the Ryuukyuu Islands. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the chilling trait including berry characteristics of an interspecific hybrid between V.  ficifolia var. Ganebu and V. vinifera 'Muscat of Alexandria'.Material and Methods: Single node cuttings (about 15 cm long) were collected every 200 h during  natural chilling (<7 °C) from mature vines of Ryuukyuuganebu, 'Muscat of Alexandria' and  their hybrid 'Kadainou R-1' at the University Farm of Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan. Starting on October 1, 2005, the temperature was monitored by a digital thermo-recorder (TR-71S; T and D, Japan) in a ventilated case placed at the vineyards until 1000 h of chilling were attained. The chilling temperature (<7 °C) in vineyards was first recorded on November 27, 2005; it accumulated to 1000 h until January 13, 2006. The collected cuttings were planted in a tray (35 cm x 25 cm x 8 cm) containing Kanuma soil (Kumeya, Japan), and kept in a growth chamber at 25 ± 1 °C and a 16 h photoperiod. The cuttings were watered every three days. Light was pro-vided by cool white fluorescent tubes at 30 µmol m-2 s-1.Correspondence to: Dr. R. MOCHIOKA, University Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Sanuki, Ka-gawa 769-2304, Japan. Fax: +81-879-52-6004. E-mail: mochioka@ag.kagawa-u.ac.jpFigure: Bud break of Kadainou R-1 and its parents at different chilling hours. Vertical bars represent ± SE (n = 3).020406080100200 400 600 800 1000Chilling hoursBud break,%RyuukyuuganebuKadainou R-1Muscat of AlexandriaBud break,% 48 P. R. POUDEL et al.ing requirement of this cultivar, it might be adapted to the subtropical climate with mild winters and hot summers.DOKOOZLIAN, N. K.; WILLIAMS, L. E.; NEJA, R. A.; 1995: Chilling exposure and hydrogen cyanamide interact in breaking dormancy of grape buds. HortScience 30, 1244-1247.IWASAKI, K.; WEAVER, R. J.; 1977: Effect of chilling, calcium cyanamide, and bud scale removal on bud break, rooting, and inhibitor content of buds of ‘Zinfandel’ grape (Vitis vinifera L.). J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 102, 584-587.KUBOTA, N.; MATTHEWS, M. A.; TAKAHAGI, T.; KLIEWER, W. M.; 2000: Bud break with garlic preparations, ‘Effect of garlic preparations and of calcium and hydrogen cyanamides on bud break of grapevines grown in greenhouses’. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 51, 409-414.MORI, K.; SUGAYA, S.; GEMMA, H.; 2005: Decreased anthocyanin biosyn-thesis in grape berries grown under elevated night temperature con-dition. Sci. Hortic. 105, 319-330.NAKAGAWA, S.; HORIUCHI, S.; MATSUI , H.; YUDA, E.; YAMADA, S.; MURAI, Y.;  KOMATSU, H.; 1991: Distribution and leaf morphology of wild grapes native to Japan. J. Jap. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 60, 31-99.Received July 3, 2006from Ryuukyuuganebu which is a low chilling genotype. Under field condition, bud burst of Ryuukyuuganebu and 'Kadainou R-1' occurred in late March, two weeks before 'Muscat of Alexandria'.Berries of 'Kadainou R-1' showed intermediate charac-teristics and composition compared to its parents (Table). It is likely that the two genotypes are genetically very differ-ent in fruit composition and give intermediate characteris-tics to the F1 hybrid. Berries of the new hybrid 'Kadainou R-1' were rela-tively small and had lower TSS; hence, this cultivar can be utilized for processing purposes like wine or juice produc-tion. At high night temperature anthocyanin biosynthesis in grape berries decrease in some genotypes (MORI et al. 2005). Since Ryuukyuuganebu originates from a subtropi-cal region in which high amounts of anthocyanin are syn-thesizes even at high night temperatures, the F1 hybrid may also develop considerable amounts of anthocyanin under these conditions. Additionally, considering the lower chill-T a b l eBerry characteristics of 'Kadainou R-1' and its parentsGenotypes Clusterweight (g)Berryweight (g)TSS(°Brix)TA(%·100 ml-1of juice)Anthocyanincontent (µg·ml-1)RyuukyuuganebuMuscat of AlexandriaKadainou R-121.7 b264.7 a121.8 ab0.4 c8.7 a1.1 b10.7 c17.5 a15.6 b1.2 a0.2 b1.0 a1592.4 a0 c892.4 b Means within a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significant (LSD test at p=0.05). TSS: Total soluble solids; TA: Titratable acidity.

Low chilling trait of Vitis ficifolia var. Ganebu and its introduction into Vitis vinifera by cross breeding

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Low chilling trait of Vitis ficifolia var. Ganebu and its introduction into Vitis vinifera by cross breeding

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