The purpose of this research is mainly to model a wind turbine with doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) and to

investigate its behavior in partial load operation using computer simulation. System behavior analysis and simulation are two particular approaches applied in this research. The wind turbine model is developed whereby the behavior of its main components is described by mathematical model and transformed in simulation model in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation model is carried out in partial load operation at a wind speed of 9 m/s. The physical quantities including generator speed, torque and electrical power output are measured and evaluated. By using variable speed generator, a wind turbine model with optimum power generation at wind speed between 4 m/s to 13 m/s is created. This research shows that if mathematical models represent the wind turbine accurately, then the proposed model can be used to observe the dynamic behavior of wind turbine precisely, efficiently and inexpensively. The simulation result is expected to be a reference for

extending the knowledge of dynamic behavior of wind turbines and optimize the performance of future large-scale wind turbine systems

A., Tajul

Hussin, Mohamed Saiful Firdaus

M. S., Azizi

Mohd Yassim, Halyani

R. F., Farhana

English

Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) Repository

  UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA A STUDY OF IOT BASED ENERGY METER MONITORING VIA THINGSPEAK This report is submitted in accordance with the requirement of the Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) for the Bachelor of Electronics Engineering Technology (Telecommunications) with Honours. by MUHAMAD FADHLI BIN MOHD NOOR B071510088  930426-14-5989 FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY 2019  ii       Tajuk: A Study of IoT Based Energy Meter Monitoring Via ThingSpeak  Sesi Pengajian: 2018/2019  Saya Muhamad Fadhli bin Mohd Noor mengaku membenarkan Laporan PSM ini disimpan di Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut: 1. Laporan PSM adalah hak milik Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dan penulis. 2. Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dibenarkan membuat salinan untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja dengan izin penulis. 3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan laporan PSM ini sebagai bahan pertukaran antara institusi pengajian tinggi. 4. **Sila tandakan (X)  ☐ SULIT* Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau kepentingan Malaysia sebagaimana yang termaktub dalam AKTA RAHSIA RASMI 1972. UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS LAPORAN PROJEK SARJANA MUDA  iii  ☒ TERHAD* Mengandungi maklumat TERHAD yang telah ditentukan oleh organisasi/badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan. ☐ TIDAK  TERHAD  Yang benar, Disahkan oleh penyelia: ........................................................ .................................................... Muhamad Fadhli bin Mohd Noor  Khairul Anuar bin A.Rahman Alamat Tetap: No 83, Jalan Cecawi 6/27 Kota Damansara, 47810 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan Cop Rasmi Penyelia   Tarikh: Tarikh:   *Jika Laporan PSM ini SULIT atau TERHAD, sila lampirkan surat daripada pihak berkuasa/organisasi berkenaan dengan menyatakan sekali sebab dan tempoh laporan PSM ini perlu dikelaskan sebagai SULIT atau TERHAD.  iv DECLARATION  I hereby, declared this report entitled A Study of IoT Based Energy Meter Monitoring Via ThingSpeak is the results of my own research except as cited in references.       Signature: …………………………………… Author : Muhamad Fadhli bin Mohd Noor Date:            v APPROVAL    This report is submitted to the Faculty of Electrical and Electrical Engineering Technology of Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) as a partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Electronics Engineering Technology (Telecommunications) with Honours. The member of the supervisory is as follow:     Signature: ………………………………………………. Supervisor: Khairul Anuar bin A.Rahman Signature: ………………………………………………. Co-supervisor: Mohd Erdi bin Ayob     vi ABSTRAK   Apabila Malaysia bergerak maju sebagai sebuah negara maju, jangkaan penggunaan elektrik akan meningkat apabila lebih banyak industri dan keperluan isi rumah. Jumlah Penggunaan Tenaga Kebangsaan kebanyakannya digunakan oleh sektor isi rumah. Ciri-ciri penggunaan elektrik yang tinggi kebanyakannya jarang dikenalpasti kerana sistem pengawasan elektrik yang kurang di Malaysia. Kotak pengedaran konvensional masih digunakan secara meluas di Malaysia. Ini bukan hanya membekalkan panel elektrik di kawasan rumah tangga. Projek ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan prototaip perkakasan yang terdiri daripada Raspberry-Pi dan Smart Meter untuk memantau pendekatan penggunaan elektrik. Dalam masalah ini, idea menggunakan meter tenaga pintar menggunakan IoT dan Raspberry-Pi telah diperkenalkan. Pengenalan Smart DB yang merupakan SDM-120 memberikan ketepatan yang lebih baik dalam mengukur parameter dalam projek ini. Dengan pembangunan projek ini dilaksanakan, langkah-langkah penjimatan elektrik yang sesuai boleh dicadangkan oleh pengguna dan peningkatan kesedaran tenaga di kalangan pengguna. Dengan mengukur penggunaan tenaga, keputusan yang lebih baik boleh dibuat dengan menggunakan Internet of Things dan menjadikan tempat yang lebih bijak di dunia.    vii ABSTRACT   As Malaysia are moving forward as a developed country, the expectation on electricity consumption will increase as more industrials and households needs. Total National Energy Consumption mostly are consumed by household sector.  The characteristic of high electricity consumption mostly is rarely to identify due to less electricity monitoring system in Malaysia. Conventional distribution box still being used widely in Malaysia. This is nothing but just supplying electrical panels in household area.  This project is aiming on developed a prototype of hardware consisting Raspberry-Pi and Smart Meter for monitoring electricity usage approach. In this paper the idea of using smart energy meter using IoT and Raspberry-Pi have been introduced. The introduction of Smart DB which is SDM-120 provide better accuracy in measuring the parameter in this project. With this project development are implement, appropriate electrical-saving measures can be proposed by consumer and enhanced energy awareness among consumer. By measuring energy consumption, better decisions can be made by using Internet of Things and make the world smarter place.    viii DEDICATION   To my beloved parents, my siblings, my friends, my teachers, and my only one.    ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS   I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to the Allah S.W.T for giving His Bless Upon me for completing my final year project. Throughout the hardship I have endured and giving me endless strength to face the project.  Moreover, I also want to address my supervisor Ts Khairul Anuar bin A.Rahman and my co-supervisor Ts En Mohd Erdi bin Ayob for the motivation, patience and full commitment by helping me to completing my final year project successfully.  Moreover, not forgot my biggest gratitude toward my family especially my parents, Mohd Noor bin Osman and Faridah binti Abdul Karim for giving endless support of money motivation and love for me.  My sincere gratitude also to all my friends who have helped me in completing this project and on my writing report. Thank you.     x TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE TABLE OF CONTENTS x LIST OF TABLES  xiv LIST OF FIGURES xv LIST OF APPENDICES xix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS AND NOMENCLATURE xx  INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Project Background 1 1.2 Problem Statement 3 1.3 Objective 4 1.4 Scopes of Work 4 a. Project Significance 5 b.    Gantt Chart 6     xi  LITERATURE REVIEW 7 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2 Needs for Energy Meter Monitoring System 7 2.3 Information for the user 8 2.4 Previous Research Study on Monitoring System 9 2.4.1 Design of the networked electric meter based on GPRS .......................... 9 2.4.2 Design and Implementation of IoT based Digital Energy Meter for Remote Monitoring ................................................................................. 10 2.4.3 Development of Inbuilt Energy Management Controller for Smart meter .   ....................................................................................................... 11 2.4.4 Automatic Electric Meter Reading System based on ZigBee ................. 12 2.4.5 Smart Meters as a tool for energy efficient ............................................. 13 2.4.6 Wi-Fi Based Smart Energy Meter .......................................................... 14 2.4.7 Wireless IoT based Metering System for Energy Efficient Smart Cities 16 2.4.8 IoT based Real- Time Residential Energy Meter Monitoring System ... 18 2.4.9 Real Time Energy Measurement Using Smart Meter ............................. 21 2.4.10 Development of an Internet Based Prepaid Energy Meter ..................... 22 2.4.11 Smart Energy Metering and Power Theft Control using Arduino & GSM   ....................................................................................................... 25 2.4.12 Smart Energy Meter Using Arduino and GSM ...................................... 27 2.5 Summary of comparison made between previous research journal 35  xii  METHODOLOGY 36 3.1 Introduction 36 3.2 System Architecture 36 3.3 IoT Energy Meter Monitoring via Thing Speak. 37 3.3.1 Raspberry-Pi Zero Development Board ................................................. 40 3.3.2 Eastron SDM 120 Smart Meter .............................................................. 42 3.3.3 Max 485 Module ..................................................................................... 46 3.3.4 (Organic light-emitting diode) OLED Display ....................................... 47 3.3.5 PIC12F1840 Microcontroller .................................................................. 47 3.3.6 7805 IC Regulator Circuit ....................................................................... 48 3.3.7 Altium Designer Suite ............................................................................ 48 3.3.8 Thing Speak ............................................................................................ 49 3.4 Project Cost 51  RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 52 4.1 Result and Discussion 52 4.2 Application Interface 52 4.3 Hardware Setup 54 4.3.1 Hardware Circuit Connection ................................................................. 54 4.3.2 The Final Result of Hardware Product ................................................... 56 4.3.3 Data Analysis .......................................................................................... 59  xiii  CONCLUSION 67 5.1 Conclusion 67 5.2 Recommendation 68 REFERENCES 69 APPENDIX 72   xiv LIST OF TABLES TABLE  TITLE PAGE    Table 1. 1 :  Gantt Chart for PSM 1 and PSM 2 6  Table 2.4. 1 :  Table below show comparison of wireless protocol 28 Table 2.4. 2 :  Comparison on previous research journal 29  Table 3. 1:  Table below show the expected total cost for this project. 51  Table A. I   72 Table A. II  73 Table A. III  74 Table A. IV  75 Table A. V  76 Table A. VI  77     xv LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE  TITLE PAGE Figure 1. 1 :    Evolution of Internet 1  Figure 2.4. 1 : System architecture of how the system works 9 Figure 2.4. 2 : Block diagram for the system architecture. 10 Figure 2.4. 3 : System Architecture 11 Figure 2.4. 4 : The prototype develops for this project 11 Figure 2.4. 5 : System architecture of monitoring system using ZigBee for Utility Private  HAN 12 Figure 2.4. 6 : Structure of system operation 13 Figure 2.4. 7 : Diagram above show how the flow of the system works. 14 Figure 2.4. 8 : Show the GUI interface database of the billing system 15 Figure 2.4. 9 : Schematic diagram for the smart energy meter system 15 Figure 2.4. 10 : Overall System Block Diagram 17 Figure 2.4. 11 : Final Proposed System 17 Figure 2.4. 12 : Architecture of the proposed system 19 Figure 2.4. 13 : Messaging Service 19 Figure 2.4. 14 : Process flow 20 Figure 2.4. 15 : Block diagram of the proposed system 21 Figure 2.4. 16 : Constructed Internet Based Prepaid Energy Meter 23  xvi Figure 2.4. 17 : Block diagram of an Internet Based Prepaid Energy Meter (IBPEM) 23 Figure 2.4. 18 : Complete Circuit Diagram 24 Figure 2.4. 19 : Microcontroller system Implementation Circuit Diagram 26 Figure 2.4. 20 : Architecture Diagram 26 Figure 2.4. 21 : Block diagram of the proposed system 27 Figure 2.4. 22 : Hardware Implementation of Smart Energy Meter 28  Figure 3. 1 Block diagram of Energy Meter monitoring system via Thing Speak 37 Figure 3. 2 : Energy measurement flow chart 38 Figure 3. 3 : Project flow chart 39  Figure 3.3. 1 : Raspberry-Pi diagram 41 Figure 3.3. 2 : Component on board Raspberry-Pi zero function 41 Figure 3.3. 3 : Exampled of Energy Smart Meter 44 Figure 3.3. 4 : Energy Smart Meter Layout 44 Figure 3.3. 5 : Diagram above show the connection between 240V power supply and live connection to load. 45 Figure 3.3. 6 : Max 485 Module 46 Figure 3.3. 7: Show an example of OLED Display 47 Figure 3.3. 8 : PIC12F1840 47 Figure 3.3. 9 : 7805 Regulator Circuit Schematic Diagram 48 Figure 3.3. 10 : User Interface while designing Printed Circuit Board 48  xvii Figure 3.3. 11 : Example of tabulated data using ThingSpeak 49 Figure 3.3. 12 :  Example of sensor data send to ThingSpeak by Raspberry-Pi 50  Figure 4. 1 : This show the graph that are produced in the ThingSpeak website System  53 Figure 4. 2 : User Interface for Raspberry-Pi when entering the PI configuring terminal.  53 Figure 4. 3 : The diagram above shows the component use in the circuit. Noted that the circuit also contain a regulator circuit to limit the voltage across the circuit down to 5V only.  54 Figure 4. 4 : Diagram above show PCB layout use in this project. 55 Figure 4. 5 : Actual PCB after been fabricate 55 Figure 4. 6 : The complete hardware use in this project development. 56 Figure 4. 7 : Diagram above demonstrate the data recorded into ThingSpeak IoT platform  57 Figure 4. 8 : Raspberry-Pi Zero that been used 58 Figure 4. 9 : Chart above shows trending data of power(kWh) in living area. 60 Figure 4. 10 : Chart above shows trending data of power(kWh) in kitchen area 61 Figure 4. 11 : Chart above shows trending data of power(kWh) in bed room area 62 Figure 4. 12 : Ownership of electrical appliances research data taken from journal reference [4].  63 Figure 4. 13 : Statistic by National Energy Balance (2015) indicate how much energy spend by Malaysians domestic consumer yearly [4]. 64 Figure 4. 14 : Pie chart represent the distribution on energy generate in Malaysia [16]. 64  xviii Figure 4. 15 : Statistic of how much total electricity energy net use in Malaysia by local U.S Energy Information Administration 65  Figure 5. 1: An example of future implementation of additional features 68   xix LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX TITLE PAGE Appendix 1  Table of Data Appendix 72 Appendix 2  Programming Appendix 78     xx LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS AND NOMENCLATURE TCP/IP      -       Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Wi-Fi              -       Wireless Fidelity GSM        -       Global System of Mobile Communication IOT          -       Internet of Things GPRS       -       General Packet Radio Service ESAM       -        Enterprise Services Application Module V           -       Voltage HZ         -       Hertz A          -       Ampere  GUI        -       Graphic User Interface SMS        -       Short Message Service AMI        -       Advance Metering Infrastructure AMR        -       Automatic Meter Reading AC          -       Alternating Current GSM        -       Global System for Mobile LCD          -       Liquid Crystal Display USB        -       Universal Serial Bus HAN        -       Home Area Network PC         -       Personal Computer  DC         -       Direct Current MCU        -       Microcontroller  TTL        -       Transistor–Transistor Logic  xxi UART       -       Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter >=         -       More Than Equal kWh        -       kilowatt hour IoT         -       Internet of Things PCB         -       Printed Circuit Board   1    INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Background  With the great developments in the field of Internet and technologies, everything in our daily life has become towards to digital era. The importance of Internet has significantly grow as a part of our lives. This help the creation of a new technology known as Internet of Things(IoT). ‘Internet of Things’ semantically means a world-wide network of interconnected objects uniquely addressable, based on standard communications protocols. The figure below 1.1 indicates the evolution of internet. In the late 1960s, communication between two computers was made possible through a computer network.  Figure 1. 1 : Evolution of Internet   2 The TCP/IP stack was introduced in the early 1980s. Then came the internet with its commercial use in the late 1980s.  World Wide Web (WWW) became available and popular in 1991 and encouraged the rapid growth. Basic idea of IoT concept is the universal presence around us of a variety of things or objects such as Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, sensors, mobile phones connected through certain addressing scheme and can interact with other components in reaching a common goal. Electricity has become one of the basic requirement for human life, being widely used for domestic, industrial and agricultural purposes.  Since energy sources are limited and it has become our need to save as much energy as possible. At present, the need and demand for electricity goes on increasing across the global. Regardless of very well-developed sources for electricity, there are considerable amount of problem with distribution, metering, billing and monitoring of energy consumption area.  Relate between these two concepts, the development of a monitoring system by using ThingSpeak planned to monitor each of electricity usage in electricity meter are formed.        3 1.2 Problem Statement  At present, the need and demand for electricity are increasing rapidly whether in public or industrial sector. Even though of very well-developed sources for electricity, problems regarding distribution, metering, billing and monitoring of energy consumption are not yet been fixed. Furthermore, this problem getting worse further in collecting meter readings process. By in the early days, electromechanical meter or analogue meter was used to measure the energy. An appropriate system to control and monitor the power usage is one of the solutions for this problem After all, energy consumer is having problems regarding statically errors in their monthly bills. With the present electrical technology, the develop of smart energy meter can be used to replace old electrotechnical energy meter. In some prospect, every new technology that are discovered can be used to replace any exist technology that are obsolete.  The overall project will have as intent, to design IoT Energy Meter monitoring system via ThingSpeak.     The consumers are increasing rapidly and burden on electricity offering divisions is sharply increasing. The consumer must be facilitated by giving them an ideal solution that is the concept of IoT (Internet of Things) Based Energy Meter. Here the power reading is uploaded to Internet of Things cloud system using in build Raspberry-Pi Wi-Fi. It is an UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) to Wi-Fi module which allows Raspberry-Pi to connect to a Wi-Fi and make simple TCP/IP connections using AT commands. Raspberry-Pi is an impressive, low cost Wi-Fi module suitable for adding Wi-Fi functionality to an existing microcontroller.    

Modeling And Simulation Of Wind Turbine For Partial Load Operation

http://eprints.utem.edu.my/24000/1/A%20Study%20Of%20IoT%20Based%20Energy%20Meter%20Monitoring%20Via%20Thingspeak.pdf

Modeling And Simulation Of Wind Turbine For Partial Load Operation

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