Â Â Â Â Â  The Drăgăşani vineyard has a favorable climate to ensure the ripening of the grapes as well as the strings necessary for next year's fruit. Being located in the Getic plateau, the vineyard has a temperate Mediterranean climate with oceanic influence. The study was carried out at the Research and Development Station for viticulture and vinification Drăgăşani on Olt Hill in 2019. The objective of the study was to monitor the influence of the climatic profile on the physico-chemical parameters in the grape ripening process. For the evaluation of the area, the active and useful balance, the real insolation, the sum of precipitations, the heliothermal index, hydrothermal coefficient, the bioclimatic index of the vine and the oenoclimatic aptitude index during the vegetation and development period were calculated

NICOLAE, GIUGEA

RALUCA-IULIANA, POPESCU (TRUŞCĂ)

English

Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series

Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLX/2020  146   STUDIES REGARDING THE EVOLUTION OF CLIMATE INDICES IN THE MATURATION PROCESS OF GRAPES IN DRĂGĂȘANI VINEYARD POPESCU (TRUȘCĂ) RALUCA-IULIANA, GIUGEA NICOLAE University of Craiova, Faculty of Horticulture  Keywords: vineyard, indices, coefficients, climate  ABSTRACT          The Drăgășani vineyard has a favorable climate to ensure the ripening of the grapes as well as the strings necessary for next year's fruit. Being located in the Getic plateau, the vineyard has a temperate Mediterranean climate with oceanic influence. The study was carried out at the Research and Development Station for viticulture and vinification Drăgășani on Olt Hill in 2019. The objective of the study was to monitor the influence of the climatic profile on the physico-chemical parameters in the grape ripening process. For the evaluation of the area, the active and useful balance, the real insolation, the sum of precipitations, the heliothermal index, hydrothermal coefficient, the bioclimatic index of the vine and the oenoclimatic aptitude index during the vegetation and development period were calculated.  INTRODUCTION          Quality assurances of wine products requires in-depth knowledge of the natural (ecological) conditions at the vineyard level, special attention being paid to climate and soil factors (Stoica Felicia et al., 2008).         Due to the geographical position of the territory, the general climate in the Drăgășani vineyard is of a moderate continental temperate type, on the background of which some southern and southwestern Mediterranean influences are felt and accentuated continental in the east and northeast. This general latitudinal climatic ensemble is diversified altitudinally by the alternation of valley corridors and hilly interfluves but also by the different exposure of the slopes.        The climate, appreciated as a factor with very important influence, pleads decisively for the presence and development of the vineyard. Drăgăşani vineyard is characterized by a certain climatic zone, with a decrease of heliothermal resources from south to north and from upstream to downstream.          The research carried out in this sense during 20 years has highlighted the fact that in the Drăgăşani wine-growing area the requirements for the climate of the vine are abundantly fulfilled. Over the years, benefiting from rich climatic resources, the vineyard is favorable for obtaining high class wines (Teodorescu St. et al., 1987; Stoica Felicia, 2005; Băducă C. and colab, 2007; Stoica Felicia, 2008).       The quality of grapes, and implicitly that of wines, is decisively influenced by the temperature regime during the vegetation period, manifested by the rate of accumulation or degradation of some basic constituents that enter the chemical composition of grapes. The accumulation of sugars is much more influenced by temperature than by the number of hours of sunshine. The acidity content of the grapes is dependent on the thermal specificity of the climate, being low in the warm regions and higher in the cool ones. In areas with very hot climates, many aromatic constituents can form, but maintaining many of them in the grain is uncertain and short-lived. Therefore, the Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLX/2020  147  wines from these areas are not only poor in acidity, flat but also lacking in fruitiness, although they are quite alcoholic and extractive (Teodorescu Şt., 1987).      It can be concluded that in areas with temperate climate "cold wine years" correlate with poor quality, at most mediocre products (grapes and wines), and "warm wine years" are considered good years for viticulture, obtaining products with composition and superior organoleptic characteristics (Roubert J., 1968, quoted by Stoica Felicia, 2003).  In terms of rainfall and relative air humidity, due to its strongly developed root system and high absorption capacity that allows it to explore a large mass of soil in search of water and food, the vine has a higher resistance to drought. than other crops. However, it is limited.     The lower precipitation limit for the cultivation of vines without irrigation is 400 mm of annual precipitation. The upper limit for normal cultivation is 800 mm and the optimal amount is 600-700 mm (Olteanu I., 2000) of which 250-400 mm during the growing season. The amount of water exceeding 250 mm is considered excess precipitation during the vegetation period (1.IV-30.IX) (Teodorescu Şt. Et al., 1987).     The relative humidity of the air is considered optimal when it has values between 70-80%.      In terms of light regime, the vine is a plant with high demands on light, being par excellence a heliophilous plant. Light is therefore one of the most important climatic factors for its production and quality.      Of all the cultivated plants, the vine makes the best use of the flow of light energy coming from the Sun and that is why it is considered that grapes are "concentrated sun" and wine "sun in glass" (Martin T., 1968).       Within the same hemisphere, light and temperature decrease from the Equator to the Poly. Research undertaken in this regard has shown that the aromas and proportions of carbohydrates in grapes decrease in the same order, from the Equator to the Poly and the acidity is reversed, increasing from the Equator to the Poly (Teodorescu Şt., 1970).      Viticultural science and practice have established other aspects of the relationship between light and viticultural production. It has been established that intense and long-lasting light determines the prolongation of the vegetation period and delays the maturation of the wood, and insufficient light determines the reduction of the photosynthesis process, the weakening of the stumps, their sensitization to the attack of diseases.  MATERIAL AND METHOD        According to the methodology adopted in our country, the study was carried out at the Research and Development Station for viticulture and vinification Drăgășani on Deaul Olt in 2019 compared to 2005-2013 and a series of coefficients and indices for quantifying meteorological data were investigated. registered at the Drăgășani Weather Station, frequently used in viticultural climatology. For the maturation process, the dynamics of the ripening process for the Tămâioasă Românească variety in 2019 was performed. In order to assess the thermal resources, the useful and active balance will be calculated, as well as the determination of the real insolation, and the hydric resources will be evaluated by means of the sum of the annual precipitations from the vegetation period.        The calculation formulas are as follows:        Active thermal balance - Σ t0a - the sum of average daily temperatures higher than 100C (during the growing season)        Useful thermal balance - Σ t0u - the sum of the differences between the average daily temperatures higher than 100C and the biological threshold of 100C        Real insolation - Ir =   effective hours of sunshine, from sunrise to sunset        Amount of precipitation -  P - sum of precipitation (l / m2) Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLX/2020  148        Heliothermal index - Ihr =0 610u rt i    , where Σ t0u - useful thermal balance (0C) ir = sum of hours of sunshine during the growing season       Hydrothermal coefficient - C.h. =10xtPoa, where Σ t0a - active thermal balance (0C)  P - sum of precipitation during the vegetation period (1.04 - 30.09)       Ternary indicators used in the most complete and complex evaluation of the viticultural area in the analyzed period were the bioclimatic index of the vine (elaborated by Constantinescu Gh. Et al., In 1964) and the oenoclimatic aptitude index (elaborated by Teodorescu Şt. Et al. , in 1977).      The bioclimatic index of the vine - 10PxNzvxtaIrx.v.c.b.I , where: Σir - real insolation Σ t0a - active thermal balance ΣP - the amount of precipitation during the vegetation period (1.04 - 30.09) N.z.v. - number of days of vegetation (195) Oenoclimatic aptitude index - I.a.o. = Σtoa + Σir  - (ΣP - 250),, where: Σ t0a - active thermal balance; Σir - real insolation; ΣP - the sum of precipitation during the vegetation period.      Analytical balance for the weight of 100 grains, the Zeiss portable refractometer for the relative sugar content (g / l) and the determination of acidity by titration with 1N NaOH were used in the determinations performed for the dynamics of grape ripening.   REZULTS AND DISCUSSIONS        The thermal balance plays an important role because the quality of the grapes depends directly on the amount of heat.       Table 1 shows the values calculated for the active heat balance, the useful heat balance, the real insolation, the amount of precipitation. Table 1 The values of thermal and useful balances, insolation and the amount of precipitation during the vegetation period-wine year 2019  YEAR 2019 MONTH April May June July August September Active thermal balance 264 483,6 660 699,1 772,6 570,7 Useful thermal balance 53,5 206,6 360 399,1 462,6 298,2 Real insolation 149,7 247,8 321,2 330,4 346,4 269,4 The sum of precipitation 42,6 88,8 207,6 50,2 3,2 42,3         It is observed that in August 772.6 ° C is recorded and in September 570.7 ° C for the active balance.       The average value for the active thermal balance was in the analyzed period of 3398,650C (the minimum value being registered in 1988, with 3115.20C, and the maximum, of 3759.20C, in 2000, one of the warmest of the interval) .         The average value of the useful thermal balance was 1568,650C (the lowest value was 1285.20C in 1988, and the highest was 1929.20C in 2000). The values of these thermal balances highlight the richness of the thermal resources of the Drăgăşani vineyard, which is the objective of the research, its special favorability for obtaining high-quality wines, both aromatic and red.         Due to climate change, Figure 1 shows a change in the amount of precipitation, if in 2005 the amount of precipitation is 812.5 l / m² reaching its Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLX/2020  149  highest level compared to 2006 when it drops to 532.9 l / m,9, and compared to 2007-2011 there is a decrease (the lowest value of 201.6 l / m² in 2011).      Fig. 1 The comparative evolution of the amount of precipitations in the vegetation period of the study year 2019 and the years 2005-2013.            In the study year there is an amount of 392.4 l / m² increasing compared to 2013 when the value reaches 347 l / m².         The climatic indices regarding the climatic characteristics from the Drăgăşani vineyard are presented in table 2         The data presented in the table eloquently express the particularly favorable degree of the Drăgăşani vineyard for the cultivation of vines. The richness of heliothermal resources is a necessary condition for the biosynthesis of aromatic compounds, but also of phenolic compounds (anthocyanins) being particularly favorable for obtaining aromatic and high brand red wines.  Table 2 Climatic indices specific to Drăgăşani vineyard during the vegetation period of the 2019 wine year  YEAR 2019 MONTH Aprilie Mai Iunie Iulie August Septembrie Heliothermal index 0,008 0,051 0,056 0,132 0,160 0,080 Hydrothermal coefficient 1,614 1,836 3,145 4,726 0,041 0,741 The bioclimatic index of the vine 0,476 0,692 0,442 2,359 4,288 1,864 Oenoclimatic aptitude index oenoclimatice 621,1 892,6 973,6 1229,3 1365,8 1047,8           The data in the table show very good values of all indices. The heliothermal index registers a 20-year average of 1.61 and for the years of 02004006008001000812,5 532,9 383,4 421,8 333,2 268,2 201,6 289,6 347 392,4 the amount of precipitationsAnalele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLX/2020  150  experimentation (1996-2001) the average is 2.15. The hydrothermal coefficient had a value of 1.14 during the vegetation period (average of 6 years) and the bioclimatic index of the vine registers values of 7.03 in the period 1996-2001 and the multiannual average (20 years) is 8.17 .        However, the most important synthesis index is the oenoclimatic aptitude index. As can be seen in Table 2.4. Drăgăşani vineyard falls into the group of favorability for obtaining high class white and red wines, exceeding the threshold of 4600, necessary for this group.       Figures 2 and 3 show the dynamics of grape ripening which is achieved by determining every 5 days, after the grapes enter the harvest phase, the following parameters: mass of 100 berries, sugar content and acidity content.       During the ripening period analyzed for the Tămâioasă Româneacă 104 variety, in 2019 it was observed that the grapes increased their volume reaching maturity (having required the amount of precipitation in the first week of September being 21.1 mm) the weight of 100 grains at harvest reaching 230g. The accumulation of sugar in the grains is done gradually depending on the daily temperature, and the optimal time for harvesting is when the accumulation of sugars reaches 224.5g / l.   Fig.2 The baking process in 2019 for the Tămâiosă Românească 104 - Drăgășani variety          130 159 181 210 230 111 149,1 2190,5 224,5 15,22 11,82 8,68 5,64 2,94 0501001502002507.VIII 17.VIII 28.VIII 7.IX 17.IXThe weight of 100grains(g)Sugars (g/l)Acidity (g/l H₂SO₄)  Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLX/2020  151   Fig.3  The evolution of the main quality parameters during the maturation of the grapesTămâiosă Românească 104 - Drăgășani  CONCLUSIONS           It can be concluded that the Drăgăşani vineyard benefits from a particularly favorable climate for viticulture, with a richness of heliothermal resources but also with a good precipitation regime. The climatic regime is characterized, as a whole, by a good distribution of precipitations, the rainiest months being the summer ones, especially July when the highest temperatures and the highest duration of the Sun's brightness are registered. During the months of August and September, when the grape ripening process is completed, the vineyard benefits from more heat and light, in parallel with a decrease in precipitation.       The data analyzed during the study period and over time show us that the Drăgășani vineyard is favorable for the cultivation and production of vines as planting material in the vineyard nursery within the Drăgășani Research and Development Station for viticulture and vinification      BIBLIOGRAPHY  1. Ghiorghiță M., Ionică LC., Nicolaescu C, Cocoș M., Costea T., 2016 - Drăgășani Vineyard - the large hilly area with total qualitative wine potential. Sitech Publishing House, Craiova 2. TEODORESCU ŞT., POPA A., SANDU G.N., 1987 - The Oenoclimate of Romania. Romanian wines and their characteristic climate. Scientific and Encyclopedic Publishing House, Bucharest 3. STOICA FELICIA, 2003 - Study of the technological possibilities for obtaining VDOC type aromatic wines in Drăgăşani vineyard, Doctoral thesis, University of Craiovai 4. STOICA FELICIA, 2005 - The incidence of climatic conditions on the terpenic compounds content of Romanian Incense grapes in Drăgăşani vineyard, Scientific papers, vol 14, Achievements and perspectives in horticulture, viticulture and forestry, State Agrarian University of Moldova, Chisinau, pag 182 5. STOICA FELICIA, MUNTEAN CAMELIA, BĂDUCĂ CÎMPEANU CONSTANTIN, 2005 - The capitalization of ecological conditions in Drăgăşani vineyard through varieties of grapes with terpenes contents, Plovdiv, Bulgaria 221 228 226 219 224,5 4,11 4,07 3,95 3,81 2,98 0501001502002502006 2007 2008 2009 2019 studyyearSugars (g/l)Acidity (g/l H₂SO₄) Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series) Vol. XLX/2020  152  6. Stoica Felicia, 2008- Aromatic and semi-aromatic wines in the Drăgășani vineyard. Tradition, technology and perspectives. Ed. Sitech, Craiova 7. ROUBERT J., 1968 - Necessary conditions for obtaining quality wines. Influence of different natural and technical factors. Report of France, III-International Congress of Vine and Wine, Bucharest. 8. OLTEANU I., Daniela CICHI, COSTEA D. C., MĂRĂCINEANU L., 2002 -Special viticulture, Zoning, ampelography, specific technologies, Ed. Universitaria, Craiova 9. MARTIN T., 1968 - Viticulture. Ed. Ceres, Bucharest. 10. BĂDUCĂ C., GHEORGHIŢĂ M., MUNTEAN CAMELIA, STOICA FELICIA, SEICULESCU M., VLĂDĂŞEL M., NICOLAESCU C., 2007 - The evolution of the main climatic indicators and their relation with the quality of the wines obtained in the Drăgăşani vineyard , Romania. International and multidisciplinary symposium under the auspices of the UNESCO Chair in Wine and Culture - Global warming, what are the likely impacts on the vineyard? - page 22, Dijon, France.  

STUDIES REGARDING THE EVOLUTION OF CLIMATE INDICES IN THE MATURATION PROCESS OF GRAPES IN DRĂGĂŞANI VINEYARD

http://anale.agro-craiova.ro/index.php/aamc/article/download/1102/1035

STUDIES REGARDING THE EVOLUTION OF CLIMATE INDICES IN THE MATURATION PROCESS OF GRAPES IN DRĂGĂŞANI VINEYARD

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series