The study aimed to identify the body size differences of Aceh Cattle maintained in smallholder farm level and Balai Pembibitan Ternak Unggul dan Hijauan Pakan Ternak (BPTU HPT)Â  IndrapuriÂ  Aceh.Â  The researchÂ  wasÂ  conductedÂ  inÂ  North AcehÂ  RegencyÂ  forÂ  smallholderÂ  farmÂ  levelÂ  andÂ  atÂ  BPTUÂ  HPT Indrapuri from December 2016 until January 2017. Data were collectedÂ  byÂ  measurementsÂ  ofÂ  70Â  headÂ  AcehÂ  Cattle,Â  35Â  head fromÂ  theÂ  smallholderÂ  farmersÂ  andÂ  35Â  headÂ  fromÂ  BPTU HPT IndrapuriÂ  respectively.Â  AcehÂ  cattleÂ  wereÂ  categorizedÂ  byÂ  age and sex as young male and female (aged 1.5 until 3 years) and adult male and female (aged above 3 years). The data of body size are body length, chest girth, and shoulder height, the data were analyzedÂ  usingÂ  aÂ  T-test.Â  TheÂ  resultsÂ  showedÂ  thatÂ  young maleÂ  AcehÂ  CattleÂ  maintainedÂ  inÂ  theÂ  BPTUÂ  HPTÂ  Indrapuri Aceh was significantly (P&lt;0.05) having higher shoulder height (101.95Â±2.08Â  vsÂ  92.76Â±5.11Â  cm)Â  andÂ  higherÂ  chestÂ  girth (124.60Â±5.48Â  vsÂ  115.40Â±6.93Â  cm),Â  whereas,Â  inÂ  females,Â  the shoulderÂ  heightÂ  wasÂ  alsoÂ  significantlyÂ  higherÂ  (P&lt;0.05).Â  On adult Aceh Cattle, female Aceh Cattle that were maintained on smallholder farms was significantly (P&lt;0.05) had a longer body size (107.41Â±3.82 vs 100.50Â±1.31 cm), but lower shoulder height (95.28Â±4.26Â  vsÂ  101.33Â±2.79Â  cm)Â  comparedÂ  toÂ  AcehÂ  CattleÂ  in BPTU HPT Indrapuri Aceh. It was concluded that Aceh cattle maintained in BPTU HPT Indrapuri Aceh had better body size thanÂ  thoseÂ  maintainedÂ  onÂ  smallholderÂ  farms,Â  especiallyÂ  in young males and female

Andri Atmoko, Bayu

Baliarti, Endang

Ibrahim, Alek

Koesmara, Hendra

Mastuti Widi, Tri Satya

Pratama, Azwar Rizal

Suparta Budisatria, I Gede

Vierman, Vierman

Open Access Jurnal Politeknik Negeri Jember

BODY SIZE OF ACEH CATTLE INSMALLHOLDER FARM LEVEL AND INBALAI PEMBIBITAN TERNAK UNGGUL DANHIJAUAN PAKAN TERNAK INDRAPURIACEH1st I Gede Suparta BudisatriaDepartement of Animal ProductionFaculty of Animal Science, UniversitasGadjah MadaYogyakarta, Indonesiabudisatria@ugm.ac.id4st VeermanBalai Pembibitan Ternak Unggul danHijauan pakan Ternak IndrapuriAceh Besar, Indonesi7st Bayu Andri AtmokoFaculty of Animal Science, UniversitasGadjah MadaYogyakarta, Indonesiabrebayuandri@gmail.com2st Endang BaliartiDepartement of Animal ProductionFaculty of Animal Science, UniversitasGadjah MadaYogyakarta, Indonesiabaliarti@ ugm.ac.id5st Alek IbrahimFaculty of Veterinaryl Science,Universitas Gadjah MadaYogyakarta, IndonesiaAlek_skg@gmail.com3st Tri Satya Mastuti WidiDepartement of Animal ProductionFaculty of Animal Science, UniversitasGadjah MadaYogyakarta, Indonesiawidi.tsm@ ugm.ac.id6st Azwar Rizal PratamaFaculty of Animal Science, UniversitasGadjah MadaYogyakarta, IndonesiaAbstract—The study aimed to identify the body size differencesof Aceh Cattle maintained in smallholder farm level and BalaiPembibitan Ternak Unggul dan Hijauan Pakan Ternak (BPTUHPT) Indrapuri Aceh. The research was conducted in NorthAceh Regency for smallholder farm level and at BPTU HPTIndrapuri from December 2016 until January 2017. Data werecollected by measurements of 70 head Aceh Cattle, 35 headfrom the smallholder farmers and 35 head from BPTU HPTIndrapuri respectively. Aceh cattle were categorized by ageand sex as young male and female (aged 1.5 until 3 years) andadult male and female (aged above 3 years). The data of bodysize are body length, chest girth, and shoulder height, the datawere analyzed using a T-test. The results showed that youngmale Aceh Cattle maintained in the BPTU HPT IndrapuriAceh was significantly (P<0.05) having higher shoulder height(101.95±2.08 vs 92.76±5.11 cm) and higher chest girth(124.60±5.48 vs 115.40±6.93 cm), whereas, in females, theshoulder height was also significantly higher (P<0.05). Onadult Aceh Cattle, female Aceh Cattle that were maintained onsmallholder farms was significantly (P<0.05) had a longer bodysize (107.41±3.82 vs 100.50±1.31 cm), but lower shoulder height(95.28±4.26 vs 101.33±2.79 cm) compared to Aceh Cattle inBPTU HPT Indrapuri Aceh. It was concluded that Aceh cattlemaintained in BPTU HPT Indrapuri Aceh had better body sizethan those maintained on smallholder farms, especially inyoung males and femalesKeywords— Aceh Cattle, Body Size, Age, SexI. INTRODUCTIONNorth Aceh Regency is one of the districts in Aceh Provincewhich has the second largest population of beef cattle inAceh. According to the Agriculture and Livestock Agencyof North Aceh Regency, the population in 2015 was 96,982.Farmers in North Aceh Regency prefers to raise Aceh cattlecompared to another breed. Aceh cattle is one of Indonesia'slocal cattle breed, that has the potential to be developed forbeef cattle [1] [2]. Aceh cattle have been designated as localIndonesian cattle breed by Minister of Agriculture DecreeNo. 2907/Kpts/OT.140/6/2011.The raising system for Aceh Cattle carried out by thefarmers is still traditional. The pen was built simply near thehouse or yard [3]. Cattle raising in North Aceh Regency isgenerally released to grassland or newly harvested ricefields. [4]. Most of the farmers who raise cattle are for theside of their main job [2]. The beef cattle breed maintainedby the farmers of North Aceh Regency is Aceh cattle with apercentage of 84.93%, the number of beef cattle ownershipis 3.03 head/farmer or 1.65 livestock unit (LU) whichconsists of 2.57 head/farmer or 1.78 LU for Aceh cattle and0.46 head/farmer or 0.25 LU for non-Aceh cattle breed. The218ISBN 978-602-14917-7-5ISBN 978-602-14917-number of a male is less than a female with a ratio of 1: 2.33(Ibrahim et al., 2016). Aceh cattle kept by the farmers havea good reproductive performance with an average calvinginterval is 15.09 months [5]. Balai Pembibitan TernakUnggul-Hijauan pakan Ternak (BPTU-HPT) Indrapuri is anagency for Aceh cattle breeding, which is determined by thegovernment through Minister of Agriculture Decree No.282/Kpts/T.210/4/2002. Aceh Cattle in BPTU-HPTIndrapuri maintained semi-intensively with shelter andgrazing according to their age and gender group.Aceh cattle has phenotypic characteristics between Javacattle, Brahman, Bali cattle, and Pesisir cattle. Aceh cattlehas a concave and long face profile [6], small body shape,and compact with the hump in the shoulder for male, whilethe female does not hump, but the shoulders are not flat andslightly prominent than female Bali cattle [7]. Whencompared to Aceh cattle with Bali cattle, Madura cattle andOngole has a smaller size, but the size is relatively largerwhen compared with Pesisir cattle [6]. The male Aceh cattlemaintained by farmers in the smallholders' farm level haveweight, chest girth, and body height greater than females.The weight of the cattle of Aceh was maintained at thesmallholder farm between 130-148 kg for young cattle and169-191 kg for adult cattle [8], while the weight of the Acehcattle was maintained at BPTU-HPT Indrapuri is 131,23 kgfor males and 127.65 kg for females [9].The phenotypic characteristics of an livestock can bemeasured by body size [10]. These characteristics can beused for visual identification and determining the bodyweight of the livestock [8]. Some body sizes such as bodylength, chest girth, and body height have a positivecorrelation and can be used to predict body weight anddescribe the performance of cattle (Hardjosubroto, 1994).This study aims to compare the body size of Aceh cattle wasmaintained in smallholder farm level and in the BPTU-HPTIndrapuri, Aceh. The results can be used for the evaluationof Aceh cattle raising in terms of body size as arecommendation for a good and sustainable maintainregulation on Aceh cattle.II. METODHOLOGHYThe research used Aceh cattle that are maintained insmallholder farms in North Aceh Regency and BPTU-HPTIndrapuri, Aceh Besar Regency. The Aceh cattle used weremale and female in a total of 70 head, with details of 35head from smallholder farms and 35 head from BPTU-HPTIndrapuri. The Aceh cattle was consist of totally 40 headyoung with aged 1,5 - 3 years, and 40 head adult with aged3 years. To determine the age of Aceh cattle by using cattleincisors replacement (1-2 pairs for young cattle and ≥ 3pairs for adult cattle) in the smallholder farms, and by usingthe recording for BPTU-HPT Indrapuri. Determination ofage estimates based on incisors refers to SNI No. 7651.3:2013. The data taken is the body size, which includes bodylength, chest girth, and body height. Maintenancemanagement data is obtained by means of interviews anddirect observation in both research locations. Body size datawere analyzed using the T-Test.III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONA. Maintenance of Aceh cattleInterviews and direct observations were carried out to findout the maintenance management of Aceh cattle conductedby smallholder farmers in North Aceh Regency and in theBPTU-HPT Indrapuri. Aceh cattle that are kept by thefarmers are generally still done traditionally. Almost allcattle are released to grass fields or newly harvested ricefields which are carried out in the morning until the evening.Cattle were housed done at night and during the plantingseason. Feed are met from grazing and a few foragesfeeding at night in the house. Mating system is carried outnaturally with males that are owned by farmers or byartificial insemination. Farmers have a tendency to chooseBali bull straw. Health care is still traditional if it is needednew to bring in veterinary. [7] reported that Aceh cattlebreeding was still profitable even though it was enough toprovide land and houses. Cattle are maintained inaccordance with the economic ability of farmers. Acehcattle can still graze well despite the poor conditions ofgrasslands.The maintenance management of Aceh cattle carried out atBPTU-HPT Indrapuri was done better than by smallholderfarmers. Aspects such as housing, feed, reproduction, andhealth have been carried out by good management practiceaccording to the standard procedures. Cattle are grouped inpen-based on age, sex, and body weight. Grazing is done ingrasslands with forage management according to standardprocedures and good quality. In addition to being fed fromgrazing, cattle are also given additional feedconcentrate/supplements. Mating system is done naturallywith selected bulls. The bull and parent selection process iscarried out to get superior Aceh cattle. Livestock health ishandled by veterinary and professionals. [3] reported thatthe pattern of raising Aceh cattle in BPTU-HPT Indrapuriwas conducted semi-intensively, where cattle were housedand released at the wet season from morning to afternoonand in the afternoon were included in the group house.Mating patterns are carried out at the pen mating with theselected bull. Males that are not used as a bull are kept inpen.B. Body size of Aceh cattleSome body size such as body length, chest girth, and bodyheight have a positive correlation and can be used to predictbody weight and describe the performance of cattle [11].Determination of cattle age estimation based on incisorsreplacement refers to SNI No. 7651.3: 2013, where Acehcattle with 1 pair permanent incisors have an estimated ageof 1.5 to 2 years and permanent incisors are 2 pairs of 2 to 3years old. Based on the measurements, it was found that themale and female Aceh cattle body size on the smallholderfarms level and BPTU-HPT Indrapuri were in the group ofcattle with 1-2 pairs (aged 1.5-3 years) and cattle with ≥ 3pairs (aged > 3 years) successively presented in Tables 1and 2.219ISBN 978-602-14917-7-5ISBN 978-602-14917-TABLE I. BODY ZISE OF MALE AND FEMALE ACEH CATTLE (AGED1,5 – 3 YEARS OLD) IN THE SMALLHOLDER FARM LEVEL AND BPTU-HPTINDRAPURIBody sizeLocationSmallholderfarmer (cm)BPTU-HPTIndrapuri (cm)Body lengthMaleFemaleBody heightMaleFemaleChest girthMaleFemale96,72±4,8597,58±5,7292,76a±5,1195,00a±3,14115,40a±6,93119,80±7,1498,30±3,3095,75±3,96101,95b±2,0897,95b±2,79124,60b±5,48123,10±6,02a,b Superskrip shown the differences (P<0,05)TABLE II. BODY ZISE OF MALE AND FEMALE ACEH CATTLE (AGEDABOVE 3 YEARS OLD) IN THE SMALLHOLDER FARM LEVEL AND BPTU-HPTINDRAPURIBody sizeLocationSmallholderfarmer (cm)BPTU-HPTIndrapuri (cm)Body lengthMaleFemaleBody heightMaleFemaleChest girthMaleFemale119,30±14,72107,41b±3,82107,80±8,8295,28a±4,26140,66±17,55129,33±6,82102,33±2,08100,50a±1,31105,00±4,35101,33b±2,79129,66±1,52130,16±8,31a,b Superskrip shown the differences (P<0,05)Based on Tables 1 and 2, it is seen that overall, a youngAceh cattle (1-2 pairs) maintained in BPTU-HPT Indrapurihave a body size that tends to be larger than thosemaintained on the smallholder farms level except for thebody length of female Aceh cattle. In adult Aceh cattle (≥ 3pairs), it appears that overall there is a tendency for a largerbody size in Aceh cattle maintained on smallholder farmslevel except for the body height and chest girth of femaleAceh cattle. However, statistically, not all body sizes weresignificantly different (P <0.05).Body length describes the development of the spine(vertebrae) which consists of the backbone (thoracicvertebrae), waist bone (lumbar vertebrae) and the bone ofthe spine (sacral vertebrae) [12]. The results of this studyindicate that the significant difference (P <0.05) in bodylength is only found in female Aceh cattle aged more than 3years, where Aceh cattle maintained on smallholder farmslevel are higher (P <0.05) than those maintained at theBPTU-HPT Indrapuri. Aceh cattle that are maintained onthe smallholder farms level still have a good body lengthbecause their size exceeds the standard size by SNI No.7651.3:2013, which is 107 to 116 cm in Aceh cattle aged 2to 3 years and 82 to 87 cm in female Aceh cattle aged 15 to18 months [13].Body height describes the bones that make up thefront legs (anterior extremities) and the bones that make upthe back. The bones of the forefoot compiler experiencefaster and early growth in accordance with its function tosupport the body [12]. This study shows that Aceh cattlemaintained in BPTU-HPT Indrapuri have higher bodyheight (P <0.05) than those maintained by smallholderfarms, both male and female in young age groups (1 – 2pairs), whereas in the adult age group (≥ 3 pairs) only infemale Aceh cattle. This result is almost the same as thatreported by [8] in cows kept by smallholder farms, whichamounted to 99.37 cm in young males and 95.91 cm inyoung females and 105.90 cm in adult males and 100.28 cmin adult females. Based on SNI No. 7651.3: 2013, the size ofmale Aceh cattle aged 24-36 months which is 105-112 cmand females aged 15-18 months is 86-90 cm [13].Chest girth describes the growth of ribs and the growth ofmeat tissue attached to the bone [12]. The results of thestatistical analysis showed that the young Aceh cattle (1 – 2pairs) were maintained at the BPTU-HPT Indrapuri (P<0.05) than those maintained on the smallholder farms,while the other groups were not statistically significant. Theresults obtained in this study are lower when compared withthe research of [8] which is 125.54 cm in young males,122.88 cm in young females and 141.00 cm in adult malesand 132.63 cm in adult females. Based on SNI No. 7651.3:2013, the size of male Aceh cattle chest girth aged 24-36months was 135-143 cm and 94-99 cm in female cattle aged15-18 months [13].IV. CONCLUSIONSThe Aceh Cattle were maintained in BPTU-HPTIndrapuri have a better body size than in smallholder farmslevel, especially for male and a young female (aged 1 - 3years old).ACKNOWLEDGMENTThis research was funded by the Ministry of Research,Technology, and Higher Education (KEMENRISTEKDIKTI) with Penelitian Dasar Unggulan Perguruan Tinggi(PDUPT) program Research Grant no107/UN1/DITLIT/DIT-LIT/LT/2018. This research wassupported by Balai Pembibitan Ternak Unggul HijauanPakan Ternak Indrapuri, Aceh Besar, AcehREFERENCES[1] Ibrahim, A., I.G.S. Budisatria, E. Baliarti, and T.S.M. Widi. 2016.The estimation of aceh cattle output in north aceh regency.Simposium Penelitian dan Pengembangan Peternakan Tropik 2016.Pp. 222-233.[2] Budisatria, I.G.S., E. Baliarti, T.S.M. Widi, dan A. Ibrahim. 2016b.Dynamics population of aceh and non aceh cattle in north acehregency. Simposium Penelitian dan Pengembangan PeternakanTropik 2016. Pp. 236-243.[3] Rasyid, A., Y. Adinata, Yunizar, and L. Affandhy. 2017.Karakteristik fenotip dan pengembangan sapi Aceh di ProvinsiNanggroe Aceh Darussalam. Maduranch. 2(1): 1-11.[4] Budisatria, I.G.S., E. Baliarti, T.S.M. Widi, A. Ibrahim, and H.Koesmara. 2016a. Management and reproductive performance ofaceh cattle cow kept by smallholder farmers in north aceh regency.Simposium Penelitian dan Pengembangan Peternakan Tropik 2016.Pp. 152-161.220ISBN 978-602-14917-7-5ISBN 978-602-14917-[5] Budisatria, I.G.S., T.S.M. Widi, E. Baliarti, H. Koesmara, and A.Ibrahim. 2016c. Reproductive performance of aceh cows kept byfarmers in aceh province. The 3rd Animal Production InternationalSeminar. Pp. 677-681.[6] Jamaliah. 2012. Pedet sapi Aceh dan penanganannya. Laporan BalaiPembibitan Ternak Unggul (BPTU) Sapi Aceh Indrapuri. Aceh Besar.[7] Dinas Kesehatan Hewan dan Peternakan Aceh. 2011. Profile of AcehCattle (Profil Sapi Aceh). Dinas Kesehatan Hewan dan PeternakanProvinsi Aceh, Banda Aceh.[8] Widi, T.S.M., E. Baliarti, A. Ibrahim, H. Koesmara, and I.G.S.Budisatria. 2016. Phenotypic characteristics of Aceh cattle ondifferent sex and age in smallholder farmers. The 3rd AnimalProduction International Seminar. Pp. 56-59.[9] Putra, W.P.B., Sumadi, T. Hartatik, and H. Saumar. 2014. Potensirespon seleksi sifat pertumbuhan sapi Aceh. JITV. 19(4): 248-256.[10] Abdullah, M.A.N., R.R. Noor, H. Martojo, D.D. Solihin, and E.Handiwirawan. 2006. Phenotypic diversity of aceh cattle in nagroeaceh darussalam (Keragaman fenotif sapi aceh di nanggroe acehdarussalam). J. Indon Tropic. Anim. Agric. 32(1): 11-21.[11] Hardjosubroto, W. 1994. Livestock Science (Ilmu Peternakan).Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta.[12] Sutiyono, B., d. Suryaningsih, E.T. Setiatin, and C.M.S. Lestari.2003. Performans anak berdasarkan tipe kelahiran pada kambingPeranakan Etawa. Seminar Nasional Hasil Penelitian UniversitasDiponegoro. Pp. 1-10.[13] Standar Nasional Indonesia [SNI]. 2013. SNI No. 7651.3:2013, Bibitsapi potong – Bagian 3: Aceh. Badan Standarisasi Nasional, Jakarta..221ISBN 978-602-14917-7-5ISBN 978-602-14917-Applications of Phenolic Extracts from Tamarind Seed Huskto Inhibit the Formation of Antioxidants in Animal FeedsSasinidtha  ThanomwongwatanaDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural TechnologyRamajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thailand.Abstract. The study aimed to investigate the effects of tamarind seed huskextracts on theinhibition of oxidation (IP) in soybean oil. The substances from the tamarind seed husk wereextracted by soaking and heating technology (Soxhtech) using methanol, acetone, and hexane.The tamarind seed huskextracts obtained are crimson glossy solid powder with the averageweight about 26.88%. The total phenol examined by Folin-Ciocaleu method revealed thequantity at about 120.63 mg/g dry matter of tamarind seed husk, accounted for 12.06%. Theoxidation inhibition of tamarind seed huskextracts in soybean oil was determined by Oxitest,VELP Scientifica model 148. The oxidation formations during the induction period (IP) wereused as the indicators. In other words, the higher IP, the higher potentials of the antioxidants.The 5x7 factorial in completely randomized design was used in this study. The first Factor wasfive types of antioxidants comprised of soybean oil (control), soybean oil supplemented withBHA+ethoxyquin0.2%, soybean oil supplemented with 0.5% ascorbic acid, soybean oilsupplemented with 0.5% tamarind seed husk extract, and soybean oil supplemented with 1.0%of tamarind seed husk extract. The second Factor was 6 various storage durations including 0,10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 days. The results showed no synergic effects between the twofactors (P>0.05). However, the significant differences (P<0.05) were obviously noticed. Thebest oxidation inhibitions were found in both 0.5% and 1.0% tamarind seed huskextracts withthe average IP readings at 5.42 and 5.33 hours, respectively. The IP readings from soybean oilsupplemented with BHA + etoxyquin, and with ascorbic acid were 5.06 and 5.05 hours,respectively. The lowest IP was found in the control (4.21 hours). The longer the storagedurations, the lower the oxidation inhibition potentials (P<0.05). At the storage times at 0 and10 days, the highest IP were obtained (5.97 and 6.06 hours, respectively), while the storagetimes at 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 days showed the IP values at 5.29, 5.01, 4.71, 4.24, and 4.14hours, respectively.Keywords: phenolic, tamarind seed husk, antioxidants, free radicals, animal feeds1. IntroductionFat is the main constituent in the raw ingredients of various animal feeds. When stored at roomtemperatures, fat undergoes reactions with oxygen leading to oxidation, and eventually free radicals.This causes the deterioration of feed quality regarding odors, colors, and tastes. The palatability isdecreased,and the essential fats and fat-soluble vitamins are destroyed. Moreover, in severe cases, thiscan be toxic to animals. In animal feed industry, the synthesized antioxidants such as BHA, BHT andethoxiquin are commonly used to inhibit oxidation in animal feeds. However, these antioxidants havesafety concerns of consumptions ( Pokorny et al. , 2001) . The European Union reported theprohibitions of using ethoxiquin in all kinds of animal feeds to WTO (WTO, 2017). As a result, based222ISBN 978-602-14917-7-5ISBN 978-602-14917-

Body Size of Aceh Cattle in Smallholder Farm Level and in Balai Pembibitan Ternak Unggul Dan Hijauan Pakan Ternak Indrapuri Aceh

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Body Size of Aceh Cattle in Smallholder Farm Level and in Balai Pembibitan Ternak Unggul Dan Hijauan Pakan Ternak Indrapuri Aceh

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