THE GRAMMATICAL ERRORS IN TRANSLATING ENGLISH-INDONESIAN SHORTSTORY (A CASE STUDY OF THE SECOND SEMESTER STUDENTS OF CIVILENGINEERING DIPLOMA 3 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING STUDYPROGRAM OF ACADEMIC YEAR 2018/2019 POLITEKNIK NEGERI UJUNG PANDANG

Afdalia, Afdalia

Halim, Shanty

English

Portal E-Journal System PNUP (Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang)

Prosiding Seminar Nasional Penelitian & Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2019 (pp.244-249) 978-602-60766-7-0Bidang Ilmu Administrasi, Akuntansi, Bisnis, Dan Humaniora 244THE GRAMMATICAL ERRORS IN TRANSLATING ENGLISH-INDONESIAN SHORTSTORY (A CASE STUDY OF THE SECOND SEMESTER STUDENTS OF CIVILENGINEERING DIPLOMA 3 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING STUDYPROGRAM OF ACADEMIC YEAR 2018/2019 POLITEKNIK NEGERI UJUNG PANDANG)Shanty Halim1, Afdalia1)Dosen Jurusan Teknik Sipil Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang, Makassar2)Dosen Jurusan Akuntansi Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang, MakassarABSTRACTThis research was aimed at finding out the errors of the translation English-Indonesian Short Story results ofthe students. This research was conducted at the second semester of Civil Engineering students department, studyprogram Building Construction Engineering of State Polytechnic of Ujung Pandang (PNUP Makassar). The strategy waschoosen because theoretically, the learning in the classroom would be more productive and meaningful since it couldincrease the effectiveness of the students’ learning in the classroom. In this study, the writers use descriptive method toanalyze the students’ ability and errors. The descriptive method is employed since it is used to describe phenomena asobjectively as possible based on the data obtained. There are 20 students were elected purposively as the subjects of theresearch. In this research, the writers use 20 out of the 40 students of the second semester of Building ConstructionEngineering Study program of Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang academic year 2018/2019 as the sample of theresearch. In this research, the writer uses the technique of random sampling. In this study, the writer chooses randomsampling by using lottery technique. The finding shows the number of errors in percentage also depends on theproduction of item in the text. Since the focus of discussion based on only 2 types of errors they are noun phrase (NP)and adjective phrase (AdjP). The type of errors which contribute the biggest percentage is considered as the mostfrequent errors made by the students in their translation. So, from the table the biggest error made by the students wasnoun phrase. The total number of error production was 69.64%. The error in adjective phrase was 29.46%.Keywords: Translation, short story, errors.1. INTRODUCTIONIn the era of advancement nowadays where English is everywhere, translation is important thing andnecessary to be learnt. One of the reasons is not all ideas and informations have not been covered in our nativelanguage; Indonesian. Here, we need to gain more knowledge from English books, magazines, newspaperotherwise if we don’t understand we may miss them. Translation is very crucial in the process of exchanginginformation. Without translation, prospective scientists will be left behind in following the development ofscience, moreover if they lack the ability to read the foreign language text (Widyamartaya, 1989: 9).When the researcher did practical teaching in semester one, she found that many students still cannottranslate the text even the sentence into Indonesian. Eventhough student may have a good understanding ofEnglish, they sometimes may still make some mistakes in translating English text into Indonesian.The errors occurred when the students often translate the source language literally without payingattention to the principle of source and target language. In theory, there are many principles of English andIndonesian. There are items which deal with the structure, idiom, lexical and cultural meaning that studentshould know. Talking about interesting media that can be applied to serve the translation of students, oneof them that the researchers offer is reading short story, beacuse it is not only as a mean of entertainment,but also a mean of sending message to the students.2. METHODOLOGY1) Research MethodIn this study, the writers use descriptive method to analyze the students’ ability and errors. Thedescriptive method is employed since it is used to describe phenomena as objectively as possible based onthe data obtained.2) Population and Sample1 Korespondensi penulis: Shanty Halim, Telp. 081342325657, shantynurul@yahoo.comProsiding Seminar Nasional Penelitian & Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2019 (pp.244-249) 978-602-60766-7-0Bidang Ilmu Administrasi, Akuntansi, Bisnis, Dan Humaniora 245In this research, the writers use 20 out of the 40 students of the second semester of BuildingConstruction Engineering Study program of Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang academic year 2018/2019 asthe sample of the research. In this research, the writer uses the technique of random sampling. In this study,the writer chooses random sampling by using lottery technique. The students then will be given two shortstories to be translated under the title The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin.3. FINDINGSThe data analysis was done through quantitative analysis. It was used to get the score. The writer usedscoring scale. Further, to know about the result of data analysis based on the previous explanation. In thisresearch the writer took the results of the translation from 20 students of Civil Engineering department studyprogram building construction engineering of the second semester in academic year 2018/2019. Theresearcher chooses 10 sentences to be analyzed for the grammatical errors of translation. The following tableis the students’s score of translation.Table 1. (Students’ Score)No Respondents Score1 01 52 02 63 03 44 04 55 05 66 06 67 07 48 08 59 09 510 10 611 11 612 12 513 13 414 14 415 15 616 16 617 17 718 18 719 19 720 20 8It has been mentioned in the previous chapter that after tabulating and analyzing the students scoreinto percentage, than they were classified into 5 levels. The tabulating is as follows :Table 2. Classification of students’ scoreClassification Score Frequency PercentageGood 76-100 4 20Fair 56-75 12 60Poor 40-55 4 20Very poor 0-40 0 0Total 20 100%From the table 2, we can see 20 % (4) respondents got good classification, 60% (12) respondents gotfair classification and 20% (4) got the very poor classification.There are two types of errors analysis that writer focuses on this research. They are errors in nounphrase (NP) and adjective phrase (AdjP). The following table as follow:Prosiding Seminar Nasional Penelitian & Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2019 (pp.244-249) 978-602-60766-7-0Bidang Ilmu Administrasi, Akuntansi, Bisnis, Dan Humaniora 246Table 3. Clasification of ErrorsRespondents Noun Phrase (NP) Adjective Phrase (Adj P) Total Errors1 5 2 72 4 3 73 6 3 94 5 1 65 6 2 86 5 2 77 4 2 68 1 1 29 4 3 710 1 0 111 3 1 412 5 2 713 6 4 1014 3 1 415 2 0 216 5 2 717 2 1 318 4 2 619 3 1 420 4 1 5Total 78 33 112Percentage 69.64 29.46The figure 3 above shows the percentage of students’ errors in translation. After analyzing andcalculating for each item in the text that was produced by students, the item had different total in number. So,the number of errors in percentage also depends on the production of item in the text. Since the focus ofdiscussion based on only 2 types of errors they are noun phrase (NP) and adjective phrase (AdjP). The type oferrors which contribute the biggest percentage is considered as the most frequent errors made by the studentsin their translation. So, from the table the biggest error made by the students was noun phrase. The totalnumber of error production was 69.64%. The error in adjective phrase was 29.46%.4. DISCUSSIONFrom the result of the translation it is found that students cannot avoid the error when translating thetext especially from English into Indonesian They were still confused in using kinds of the right grammar intheir translation. Among kinds of grammar, both noun phrase and verb phrase were problems in theirtranslation. Noun phrase became the highest number of error. It means that the most error made by thestudents is error in noun phrase. Based on data analysis from the 60 sentences it found about 112 errors instudents’ translation. The biggest number of errors made by students is noun phrase. It meant that the studentsstill get confused in using the right grammar. To complete the analysis of data, below is the discussion resultof students translation of the 10 clauses.1) Clause oneKnowing that Mrs Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble, for this dependent clause there are 4students translated into literal translation such as: tahu bahwa ibu mallard terserang dengan penyakit hati,here in this translation the students are still confused to choose the word, the word Knowing is the Gerundwhich function as the subject of the sentence then followed by adjective phrase in the passive form MrsMallard was afflicted which should be translated into Nyonya Mallard menderita, the next form is objectof preposition with a heart trouble which was translated into a noun phrase penyakit hati. The sugeestedtranslation of the first clause should be Karena nyonya Mallard menderita penyakit jantung.2) Clause twoProsiding Seminar Nasional Penelitian & Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2019 (pp.244-249) 978-602-60766-7-0Bidang Ilmu Administrasi, Akuntansi, Bisnis, Dan Humaniora 247great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband's death. Here thereare 6 students have incorrect translations for the adj ective phrase great care which were translated intokepedulian yang besar. Verb phrase was taken to her as gently as possible also translated into diambilkepadanya sehalus mungkin. Again, in this clause the students still translated literally so the meaningseemed to be rather ackward. The suggested translation for this clause is “maka adiknya, Josephinememberitahukan kabar kematian suami kakaknya dengan sangat hati-hati. Kabar tersebut tidakdikatakannya secara langsung, namun dengan kalimat-kalimat yang mengandung penuh petunjuk”.3) Clause threeIt was he who had been in the newspaper office when intelligence of the railroad disaster wasreceived. For this clause there are 7 students made errors when translating it. One of the results is “Dialahyang beritanya ada di Koran ketika kejayaan jalanan diterima”. Here the translation is wrong because itgives no meaning at all. Noun Phrase railroad disaster got wrong translation into bencana jalan. Thesuggested translation is “ketika dia mendengar berita bahwa kereta yang ditumpangi temannya mengalamikecelakaan”.4) Clause fourWith Brently Mallard’s name leading the list of “killed”. Clause four begins with prepositionalphrase. There are two students translating it into “dengan nama Brently Mallard masuk dalam daftarterbunuh”. This translation is not common because it is unnatural. The students also did not translate theword “leading” since it was the main word to make the natural meaning. Suggested translation is “Saat diamembaca daftar korban kecelakaan, dia melihat nama Brently Mallard berada di barisan teratas daftarkorban yang tewas”.5) Clause fiveHe had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram. 3 students made errorin translating this clause. Agains the error occurs in word choice and grammatical structure. First intranslating the English “he had only taken the time” which was translated to Indonesian “dia sudahmengambil waktunya”. Since this sentence is in the past participle the word sudah is not necessary to betranslated. The word taken was also translated literally into “sudah mengambil’ made the meaningunnatural. The correct translation is “Dia tidak percaya akan kebenaran informasi pada telegram keduatersebut”.6) Clause sixAnd had hastened to forestall any less carefulless tender friend in bearing the sad message. The nextclause is dependent clause which consisted of verb phrase “had hastened to forestall”. There are 4 studentstranslated into “bergegas untuk mencegah’, the result also seemed unnatural and literal. Some of thestudents also did not translate the rest of the sentence. The suggested translation for this clause is “diasegera bergegas ke rumah Nyonya Mallard, dan berharap agar tidak ada orang yang menyampaikan beritaini kepadanya dengan sembrono”.7) Clause sevenShe wept at once, with sudden, wild abandonment, in her sister's arms. For this clause, 5 students gotwrong translations. They translated into tiba-tiba dia menangis sekeras-kerasnya dalam tangan adiknya.This translation is unnatural with the use of word sekeras-kerasnya which was the result of translation ofadjective phrase wild abandonment. The literal translation is also given by the students for prepositionalphrase in her sister’s arms into dalam tangan adiknya. This is also wrong word choice. The suggestedtranslation is “Nyonya Mallard tiba-tiba menangis meraung-raung dalam dekapan saudaranya”.8) Clause eightWhen the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her room alone. There are 3 studentstranslated this clauses into “ketika badai kesedihan pergi meninggalkan dirinya, dia pergi ke kamarnyasendiri”. The verb phrase used in past perfect tense had spent itself shouldn’t be tramslated into pergiProsiding Seminar Nasional Penelitian & Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2019 (pp.244-249) 978-602-60766-7-0Bidang Ilmu Administrasi, Akuntansi, Bisnis, Dan Humaniora 248meninggalkan dirinya. It shouldn’t be translated literally. The suggested translation is ‘ketika kesedihannyareda, dia beranjak pergi ke kamarnya”.9) Clause nineThere stood, facing the open window, a comfortable, roomy armchair. There are 3 students got wrongtranslation at this clause. The 3 students translated into berdiri di sana, menghadapi jendela terbuka,dengan duduk di kursi berlengan yang enak. Again, the students could not find thebest word fortransalating the clause. The adverbial phrase there stood which was translated into berdiri disana, it shouldhave been translated into “dia (nyonya Mallard berdiri disana) , they should put the subject NyonyaMallard in order to get the clear meaning. The next form is present participle and adjective phrase “facingthe open window” the translation should be “menghadap ke jendela”. Then, adjective and noun phrase “acomfortable and roomy armchair” which translated into “enak dan kursi berlengan”. The phrases shouldnot have been translated into kursi berlengan yang enak. It did not sound good to translate the adjectivecomfortable into ‘enak”. The suggested translation for this clause is “Di dalam kamarnya terdapat sebuahkursi santai yang diletakkan menghadap ke jendela yang terbuka”.10) Clause tenInto this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reachinto her soul. For this clause there are 4 students got incorrect translation. They translated it into “disini diamenenggelamkan dirinya yang tertekan serta jiwanya yang berkelana”. This translation is not acceptedgrammatically. The students tried to translate literally and seemed rather ackward because there are severalimportant verb phrases such as haunted her body and reach into her soul have not been translated. Theydid not find the proper meaning of the phrases. The suggested translation is “Di situlah ia duduk untukmelepas semua tekanan yang merasuki tubuh sampai ke jiwanya”.11) Clause elevenShe could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. There are 3 students got incorrecttranslation for the noun phrase open square which transalted into “segiempat terbuka” and adverbial phrasebefore her house the tops of trees which translated into “sebelum rumahnya pada pepohonan itu”. Again,the students cannot find the proper meaning and analyze the whole clause. The suggested translation is“Dari sana dia dapat melihat pemandangan yang ada di depan rumahnya”.5. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION1) ConclusionBased on the result of the data show that the errors occurred in the translating of short story which wasentitled The story of an Hour Based on the data analysis and the discussion in the previous chapter, thewriter would like to put forward some conclusions such as the lexical problems in translating are they donot understand all of the vocabulary in the text, to arrange the English sentences into Indonesian propermeaning, and they cannot analyze the meaning or the word in the original text.2) SuggestionsRelated to the improvement ability of the students knowledge on translation, the writer puts forwardsome suggestion such as the lecturers at the first semester students of Civil Engineering students shouldalways give the motivation to their students that English is very important to be known because by theEnglish we will be able to develop our knowledge, the teaching of translation must be improved andemphasized, next the teacher has to increase the student’s vocabulary and the mastery on the Englishlecturer. Finally, the students must be aware that assignment given by their teacher is helpful to train themto be creative and active in learning English, including the translation.6. DAFTAR PUSTAKA[1] Ali, A. 1993. Understanding and Using English Grammar. Jakarta: Bina Akasara and Prentice-Hall Inc.[2] Basnet, Susan. 1991. Translation Studies. London: Routledge.[3] Bell, T. Rogers. 1991. Translation and Translating. London: Oxford University.[4] Brown, H. Douglas. 1994. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc.Prosiding Seminar Nasional Penelitian & Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2019 (pp.244-249) 978-602-60766-7-0Bidang Ilmu Administrasi, Akuntansi, Bisnis, Dan Humaniora 249[5] Carter, Ronald, et all. 1997. Working with Text: A cource Book for Language Analysis. London:Routledge.[6] Crystal, David. 2000. The Cambrigde Encyclopedia of the English Language.[7] Krisetyawati, Bena Florita, 2010. An Error Analysis on the Translation of English Noun Phrases intoIndonesian of the Fifth Semester Students of the English Department of Teacher Training and EducationFaculty, Sebelas Maret University in the Academic Year 2009/2010, Thesis : Surakarta[8] Muliadi, 2010. Using Short Story in Teaching Translation at the first Year Students of SMK Negeri IPalopo. Unpublished Thesis[9] Hamid, Radiah dan Pujiantri Rati, 2013. Improving the Students’ ability in Translating English intoIndonesian Based on Duff;s Principles. Exposure Journal, page 201-210 Vol 2 No 3 Nov 2013[10] Ulfah, Maria, 2015. An Accuracy Analysis in Indonesian-English Translation Using “GOOGLETRANSLATE” Machine Translation (Translation of “Jurnal Walisongo Abstracts Vol. 23 Number 1”)Unpublished Thesis.

THE GRAMMATICAL ERRORS IN TRANSLATING ENGLISH-INDONESIAN SHORT STORY (A CASE STUDY OF THE SECOND SEMESTER STUDENTS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING DIPLOMA 3 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING STUDY PROGRAM OF ACADEMIC YEAR 2018/2019 POLITEKNIK NEGERI UJUNG PANDANG)

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THE GRAMMATICAL ERRORS IN TRANSLATING ENGLISH-INDONESIAN SHORT STORY (A CASE STUDY OF THE SECOND SEMESTER STUDENTS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING DIPLOMA 3 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING STUDY PROGRAM OF ACADEMIC YEAR 2018/2019 POLITEKNIK NEGERI UJUNG PANDANG)

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