The reproductive behavior of Brahman breeding cows subject to estrus induction was assessed, at the “Rancho Bonito Farm”, Gamelotal area, Lara State, Venezuela. The experiment lasted 90 days, and was based on two estrus induction schemes (Progesterone + Estradiol Benzoate and Progesterone + PMSG). Following 72 h of treatment, 62.5 % of the  cows that received  P4  + PMSG  were fertilized; whereas the P4  + BE treatment induced fertilization of 25 % (P &lt; 0.05). During the 90 days,  93.7 % of the cows that received P4  + PMSG, and 75 %  under  the P4  + BE treatment, were fertilized, which demonstrated the effectiveness of the schemes

Bertot Valdés, José A.

Curbelo Rodríguez, Lino

Fajardo Rivero, Héctor

Rojas Gámez, Niurky

Uzcátegui Aranguren, Régulo

Viamonte  Garcés, María I.

English

Portal de Revistas - Universidad de Camagüey

Rev. prod. anim., 27 (2): 2015 I S S N  2 2 2 4 - 7 9 2 0  PGF2α (250 mcg d-cloprostenol) Effectiveness of two Schemes for Estrus Induction in Brahman Bovine Females with Lasting Anestrus Régulo Uzcátegui Aranguren*, Héctor Fajardo Rivero**, José A. Bertot Valdés***, María I. Viamonte Garcés**, Niurky Rojas Gámez** and Lino Curbelo Rodríguez*** * VETEAGRO, State of Barinas, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ** Jorge Dimitrov Institute for Agricultural Research, Bayamo, Granma, Cuba *** Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Camaguey, Cuba veteagropiso1@hotmail.com ABSTRACT The reproductive behavior of Brahman breeding cows subject to estrus induction was assessed, at the “Rancho Bonito Farm”, Gamelotal area, Lara State, Venezuela. The experiment lasted 90 days, and was based on two estrus induction schemes (Progesterone + Estradiol Benzoate and Progesterone + PMSG). Following 72 h of treatment, 62.5 % of the cows that received P4 + PMSG were fertilized; whereas the P4 + BE treatment induced fertilization of 25 % (P < 0.05). During the 90 days, 93.7 % of the cows that received P4 + PMSG, and 75 % under the P4 + BE treatment, were fertilized, which demonstrated the effectiveness of the schemes. Key words: estrus, pregnancy, Brahman  INTRODUCTION Estrus detection in Bos indicus cows is difficult because of the large number of factors inciding on anestrus post-calving, estrus occurrence at night, and short estrus duration, which makes artificial insemination difficult (Baruselli et al., 2004). Moreover, when the animals are subjected to se-vere nutritional restrictions, the follicle developed does not develop into an emergency state (Wilt-bank et al., 2002). Faure and Morales (2003) on the causes of ane-strus, pointed out that several factors —including undernourishment— may have a direct influence on the ovarian or hypophyseal levels, leading to alterations that produce little follicle develop-ment, and efficient production of steroid hor-mones which are unable to induce estrus. One of the most widespread methods is estrous cycle manipulation, which makes possible effi-cient use of artificial insemination (AI), a chal-lenge for veterinarian medicine (Belacuba, 2006). According to Ashwood (2012), the estrous cycle of Bos indicus females ranges between 17 and 24 days. Within that setting, there are several factors effecting on duration, such as season, nutrition, diseases, age, and the cow´s reproductive state. The cycles are longer and estrus incidence is greater during periods of environmental and nutri-tional stress that occur in tropical and subtropical climates. That explains, somehow, the variation in pregnancy rates of Brahman females from one season to another: 76 % in spring, and 58 % in the fall (Ríos et al. 1996). About the past, present and future of Brahman cows in Venezuela, Atencio (2007) praised this breed´s value. The pregnancy percentages in-creased between 1996 and 2002, but decreased between 2003 and 2006. Late sexual maturation was considered a weakness; thus justifying the use of biotechnologies, like strategic artificial in-semination for reproductive and genetic breeding. Induction and synchronization schemes use is common practice in Cuba; according to Pedroso, Roller, Davis and Gutiérrez (2005), they help im-prove the efficiency of artificial insemination ser-vices, reduce the anestrus post calving, improve technical efficiency of AI, and planning calving for the most suitable season. The aim of this study was to assess the effec-tiveness of progesterone/PMSG and estradiol Benzoate combinations to induce estrus in Brah-man cows, suffering long anestrus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Research was conducted on Rancho Bonito, Gamelotal, municipality of Sarare, State of Lara, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Gamelotal is a settlement located about 5.75 km from Sarare (municipality of Simon Planas), 327 m above sea level. The edafoclimatic features of the area have been stated by Rosales et al. (2014), with a humid pe-PGF2α (250 mcg d-cloprostenol) Effectiveness of two Schemes for Estrus Induction in Brahman Bovine Females with Lasting Anestrus Rev. prod. anim., 27 (2): 2015 riod between April 20 and October 25 (188 days long); and a period of grass growing, between April 4 and November 25 (235 days). Forty-eight Brahman breeding anestrus females, weighing 380-420 kg, mean body condition scor-ing 5 in the 1-9 scale for beef cattle (Flores et al., 2007; Kabaleski, 2013), in traditional breeding systems, weaning at 8 months, were used. The an-imals were distributed at random in three groups, with 16 females in each. Group 1 received three applications of progesterone (P4) intramuscularly every 72 h, in 60; 90 and 90 mg doses. Seventy-two hours after the last application of P4, 1 000 UI of PMSG was applied intramuscularly. Group 2 received the same P4 treatment as the previous group, but it received 1 mg Estradiol Benzoate (BE) ®Virbac intramuscularly, instead. No treat-ment was applied to group 3 (witness). The expe-riment lasted 90 days. Estrus detection was done visually, and artificial insemination was made with the a.m.-p.m. me-thod, used by the technician. The pregnancy diag-nostic test was made 60 days after service, by rec-tal palpation.  Estrus occurrence and the pregnancy rate were assessed for each group. The data were analyzed by X2 (Square Chi), using (StatSoft 2009) 8.1. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table 1 shows the results of the different schemes for estrus induction. Estrus occurrence was similar in the two groups that received the hormone therapy 72 h after treatment; however, the pregnancy rate was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the animals that received P4 + PMSG (62.5 %). The results achieved for estrus induction are similar to reports by Pedroso and Bonachea (1993); Pedroso and Roller (1997); Pursley et al. (1997a) and Pursley et al. (1997b), using similar schemes for estrus induction. A review of the literature related to post-calving estrus synchronization methods for cattle, Odde (1990), concluded that in most papers, over 90 % of the treated animals had estrus, with 33-68 % pregnancy. Many anestrus cows had estrus after the treatment, but fertility was lower than in cows with normal cycles.  In other papers, Faure et al. (1981); Plasse (1994); Pedroso and Roller (1998), on dairy cows and heifers with different doses of PMSG, noted its effectiveness to induce estrus and pregnancy. Follicular regression is another benefit of Estra-diol with progestin in short protocols, prior to the occurrence of a new follicular wave (Bo et al., 1995). The mechanism includes suppression of circulating concentrations of FSH. Short-term Es-tradiol treatments, such as 17β estradiol, in cows treated with progestin is followed by the occur-rence of a new wave, 3-5 days later, regardless of the estrous cycle status during the treatment. P4 combinations with low dose of Estradiol ben-zoate have a favorable influence on follicular wave development, which are able to maintain stability of follicular development and estrus trig-gering (Faure et al., 1996), resulting in satisfacto-ry ovulation rates (Ayres et al., 2008). Further-more, both Estradiol benzoate and Estradiol cypionate were effective in synchronizing proto-cols for Bos indicus fertilization in lactating cows (Sales et al., 2012). Peralta-Torres et al. (2010) noted that the use of Estradiol cypionate and Estradiol benzoate in cows and heifers have the similar favorable effect on estrus occurrence rates, but not on pregnancy rates. Estradiol concentrations of endogenous and exogenous sources may play a significant role in sperm transportation, and sperm viability to ovu-lation and fertilization (Sá Filho et al., 2011). Table 2 shows estrus occurrence and pregnancy rates for the experimental period. Cows in the two groups had estrus, with pregnancy rates signifi-cantly higher (P < 0.05) than the witness group, with only for cows in estrus, and three of them were fertilized. Although no significant differences were observed for the total pregnancies in the two treatments, the P4 + PMSG group had three more pregnant cows.  These results coincide with Bavera (2005), who claimed that the treatments have induced estrus in 72 % of cows in the first five days, and 84 % in 30 days of mating, leading to estrus induced fer-tility of 60 % and 72 %. However, in this paper, control duration lasted 90 days. This research fa-vored the effectiveness of PMSG to treat anestrus post-calving, with the application of P4 plus a 10 mg Estradiol benzoate capsule, until the se-venth day, followed by a 500 UI PMSG injection intramuscularly. The principles of this scheme are the same used in the experiment, and the results are similar; therefore, these treatments were effec-R. Uzcátegui, H. Fajardo, J. A. Bertot, María I. Viamonte, Niurky Rojas and L. Curbelo Rev. prod. anim., 27 (2): 2015 tive to cope with prolonged anestrus in breeding Brahman cows.  This response is induced if the follicular and lu-teal phases are controlled together, so estrus and ovulation are synchronized, and fertility is achieved normally (Gregory et al., 2009). The lu-teal phase is controlled with P4; and follicular de-velopment and ovulation induction, by using es-tradiol or GnRH (Alberio and Butler 2001). On that premise, the protocols for anestrus treatment are based on hormone combinations. Estradiol administration at the beginning of P4 treatments induces a new follicular wave and positive beget-ting percentages (McDougall et al., 2005; Ross et al. 2004). CONCLUSIONS Progesterone combinations using PMSG and Estradiol benzoate were effective for estrus induc-tion in breeding Brahman cows with prolonged anestrus, for which positive pregnancy rates were achieved 90 days following treatment. REFERENCES ALBERIO, R. H.; y BUTLER, H. (2001). Sincronización de los celos en hembras receptoras. En Biotecno-logía de la reproducción. Argentina: Ed. Palma G. 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PERALTA, J. A.; AKÉ, J. R.; CENTURIÓN, F. G. y MAGAÑA J. G. (2010). Comparación del cipionato de estradiol vs Benzoato de Estradiol sobre la res-puesta a estro y tasa de gestación en protocolos de sincronización con CIDR en novillas y vacas Bos indicus. Universidad y Ciencia, Trópico Húmedo, 26 (2), 163-169. PLASSE, D. (1994). Factores que influyen en la eficien-cia reproductiva del bovino de carne en América Latina Tropical, estrategias para mejorarla. Inter-national Seminar on Animal Reproduction, Carta-gena, Colombia. PURSLEY, J. R.; KOSOROK, M. R.; WILTBANK, M. C. (1997a). Reproductive Management of Lactating Dairy Cows using Synchronization of Ovulation. J. Dairy Sci., 80, 301-306. PURSLEY, J. R.; WILTBANK, M. C.; STEVENSON, J. S.; OTTOBRE, J. S.; GARVERICK, H. A. y ANDERSON, L. L. (1997b). Pregnancy Rates per Artificial Inse-mination for Cows and Heifers Inseminated at a Synchronized Ovulation or Synchronized Estrus. J. Dairy Sci., 80, 295-300. RÍOS, A; VEGA, V; MONTAÑO, M; LAGUNES, J y ROSETE, J. (1996). Comportamiento reproductivo de vacas Brahman, Indobrasil y sus cruzas F1 An-gus, Charolais, Hereford y Pardo suizo x Cebú y pe-sos al destete de sus cruzas. Tec. Pecu. Mex., 34 (1), 20-28. ROSALES, C.; FAJARDO, H.; GUEVARA, R.; y BERTOT, J. A. (2014). Indicadores reproductivos en hembras bovinas Gyr lechero en el Centro Técnico Produc-tivo Socialista Florentino, Estado Barinas. Journal Granma Ciencia, 18 (2). ROSS, P.; ALLER, J.; BUTLER, H.; CALLEJAS, S.; y ALBEIRO, R. (2004). Estradiol Benzoate Given 0 or 24 h After the End of a Progestagen Treatment in Postpartum Suckled Beef Cows. Theriogenology, 62, 265-273. SÁ FILHO, M. F.; SANTOS, J. E. P.; FERREIRA, R. M.; SALES, J. N. S. y BARUSELLI, P.S. (2011). Impor-tance of Estrus on Pregnancy per Insemination in Suckled Bos indicus Cows Submitted to Estra-diol/Progesterone-Based Timed Insemination Pro-tocols. Theriogenology, 76, 455-463 SALES, J. N. S.; CARVALHO, J. B. P.; MAIO, J. R. G., CREPALDI, G. A.; SOUZA, J. C.; CIPRIANO, R. S.; NOGUEIRA, G. P.; JACOMINI, J. O. y BARUSELLI, P. S. (2012). Effects of two Estradiol Esters (Benzoate and Cypionate) on the Induction of Synchronized Ovulations in Bos indicus Cows Submitted to a Timed Artiﬁcial Insemination Protocol, Therioge-nology, 78, 510-516. StatSoft. (2009). Statistica. Versión 8.1. WILTBANK, M. C.; GUMEN, A. y SARTORI, S. (2002). Physiological Classification of Anovulatory Condi-tions in Cattle. Theriogenology, (57), 21-52. . Received: 23-6-2015 Accepted: 25-7-2015  Table 1. Estrus occurrence and pregnancy rates 72 h following treatment Treatments Estrus females  Pregnant animals (Pregnancy rates)  P4 + PMSG (n=16) 14 (87.5 %) 10a (62.5 %) P4 + BE (n=16) 15 (93.7 %) 4b (25 %) Witness (n=16) 0 0 Significance NS P < 0.05  Table 2. Estrus occurrence and  pregnancy rates up to the third artificial insemination round  Treatments Estrus Occur-rence  Pregnant animals (pregnancy rates) Second estrus Third estrus Total P4 + PMSG 16a (100 %) 3 (18.7 %) 2 (12.5 %) 15a (93.7 %) P4 + BE 16a (100 %) 6 (37.5 %) 2 (12.5 %) 12a (75 %) Witness 4b (25 %) 1 (6.2 %) --- 3b (18.7 %) Significance P < 0.05 NS NS P < 0.05   

PGF2α (250 mcg d-cloprostenol) Effectiveness of two Schemes for  Estrus Induction in Brahman Bovine Females with Lasting Anestrus.

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PGF2α (250 mcg d-cloprostenol) Effectiveness of two Schemes for Estrus Induction in Brahman Bovine Females with Lasting Anestrus.

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