Poster from the 2015 Food & Nutrition Conference & Expo. Poster Session: Professional Skills; Nutrition Assessment; Medical Nutrition Therapy

Kelley, Edward T., II

Ludy, Mary-Jon

Morgan, Amy L.

Yacapraro, Lauren E.

English

Bowling Green State University: ScholarWorks@BGSU

Bowling Green State University ScholarWorks@BGSU Public and Allied Health Faculty Publications Public and Allied Health 9-1-2015 Comparison of Methods to Assess Adiposity in Middle-to-Older Adult Women Lauren E. Yacapraro Bowling Green State University, ylauren@bgsu.edu Edward T. Kelley II Bowling Green State University, edward.kelley@eagles.usm.edu Amy L. Morgan Bowling Green State University, amorgan@bgsu.edu Mary-Jon Ludy Bowling Green State University, mludy@bgsu.edu Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/publ_allied_health_pub Repository Citation Yacapraro, Lauren E.; Kelley, Edward T. II; Morgan, Amy L.; and Ludy, Mary-Jon, "Comparison of Methods to Assess Adiposity in Middle-to-Older Adult Women" (2015). Public and Allied Health Faculty Publications. 12. https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/publ_allied_health_pub/12 This Presentation is brought to you for free and open access by the Public and Allied Health at ScholarWorks@BGSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Public and Allied Health Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@BGSU. Comparison of Methods to Assess Adiposity in Middle-to-Older Adult Women Authors: Yacapraro LE, Kelley ET, Morgan AL, Ludy MJ • Lauren E Yacapraro ylauren@bgsu.edu  • Edward T Kelley II etkelle@bgsu.edu  • Amy L Morgan amorgan@bgsu.edu • Mary-Jon Ludy mludy@bgsu.edu  Learning Outcome: The participants will be able to describe methods for accurately assessing body composition of middle-to-older adult females. Background: As the aging population increases, so does the need to accurately assess chronic illness risk. While adiposity and chronic illness are positively correlated, there is considerable debate over the accuracy of adiposity assessments. This is potentially complicated by changes in body composition that are common in women during the transition from middle age to older adulthood. This study’s purpose was to compare adiposity assessment methods for middle-to-older adult women. Methods: In a single visit study, 36 Caucasian females (aged 57.9±6.8 years) were assessed for body mass index (BMI: 26.4±6.2 kg/m2, 25.0% obese); sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD: 20.4±4.6 cm, 66.6% obese); waist circumference measured at the umbilicus (90.8±13.8 cm, 52.8% obese) and narrowest area (83.5±12.9 cm, 36.1% obese); waist-to-height ratio measured at the umbilicus (0.55±0.09, 72.2% obese) and narrowest area (0.51±0.08, 41.6% obese); and body fat percent by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA: 33.5±9.5%, 22.2% obese) and air-displacement plethysmography (ADP: 35.9±8.7%, 36.1% obese).  Results: According to all adiposity measures, 19.4% of participants were classified as obese whereas 22.2% were classified as healthy. Variable results were found in 58.3% of participants. All measurements were strongly correlated (r≥0.713, p<0.001).   Conclusions: When using ADP as the criterion method, BMI, BIA, and narrowest area waist measurements classified a similar segment of the population as obese (approximately one-quarter to one-third). Despite their high correlations, SAD and umbilicus area waist measurements had a tendency to overestimate adiposity (approximately one-half to three-quarters). Accurate adiposity-risk classification has associated long-term effects related to cost, intervention, and educational programming.  Funding Disclosure: We received funding from a Center for Undergraduate Research and Scholarship at Bowling Green State University. Comparison of Methods to Assess Adiposity in Middle-to-Older Adult WomenLauren E. Yacapraro1; Edward T. Kelley, MEd2; Amy L. Morgan, PhD2; Mary-Jon Ludy, PhD, RDN11Department of Public and Allied Health 2Bowling Green State University, School of Human Movement, Sport, and Leisure StudiesBowling Green State University; Bowling Green, Ohio, USALauren YacapraroBGSU Dietetics Majorylauren@bgsu.eduContact1. Ode JJ, Pivarnik JM, Reeves MJ, Knous JL. Body Mass Index as a Predictor of Percent Fat in College Athletes and Nonathletes. Medicine Science Sports Exercise. 2007; 39(3):403-409.2. Meeuwsen S, Horgan G, Elia M. The Relationship Between BMI and Percent Body Fat, Measured by Bioelectrical Impedance, in a Large Adult Sample is Curvilinear and Influenced by Age and Sex. Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2010; 29(5):560-566.3. Ashwell M, Gunn P, Gibson S. Waist-to-height ratio is a better screening tool than waist circumference and BMI for adult cardiometabolic risk factors: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity Reviews. 2012; 13(3):275-286.4. Souza ND, de Oliveira E. Sagittal Abdominal Diameter Shows Better Correlation with Cardiovascular Risk Factors than Waist Circumference and BMI. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders. 2013; 12(1):41. 5. Alemán-Mateo H, Romero J, Macías Morales N, Salazar G, Triana M, Valencia ME. Body Composition by Three-Compartment Model and Relative Validity of Some Methods to Assess Percentage Body Fat in Mexican Healthy Elderly Subjects. Gerontology. 2004; 50(6):366-372. ReferencesBackground: As the aging population increases, so does the need to accurately assess chronic illness risk. While adiposity and chronic illness are positively correlated, there is considerable debate over the accuracy of adiposity assessments. This is potentially complicated by changes in body composition that are common in women during the transition from middle age to older adulthood. This study’s purpose was to compare adiposity assessment methods for middle-to-older adult women.Methods: In a single visit study, 36 Caucasian females (aged 57.9±6.8 years) were assessed for body mass index (BMI: 26.4±6.2 kg/m2, 25.0% obese); sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD: 20.4±4.6 cm, 66.6% obese); waist circumference measured at the umbilicus (90.8±13.8 cm, 52.8% obese) and narrowest area (83.5±12.9 cm, 36.1% obese); waist-to-height ratio measured at the umbilicus (0.55±0.09, 72.2% obese) and narrowest area (0.51±0.08, 41.6% obese); and body fat percent by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA: 33.5±9.5%, 22.2% obese) and air-displacement plethysmography (ADP: 35.9±8.7%, 36.1% obese). Results: According to all adiposity measures, 19.4% of participants were classified as obese whereas 22.2% were classified as healthy. Variable results were found in 58.3% of participants. All measurements were strongly correlated (r≥0.713, p<0.001). Conclusions: When using ADP as the criterion method, BMI, BIA, and narrowest area waist measurements classified a similar segment of the population as obese (approximately one-quarter to one-third). Despite their high correlations, SAD and umbilicus area waist measurements had a tendency to overestimate adiposity (approximately one-half to three-quarters). Accurate adiposity-risk classification has associated long-term effects related to cost, intervention, and educational programming. AbstractIntroductionMethods MethodsØ While all assessment techniques were highly correlated with one another, it was determined that SAD and waist circumference at the umbilicus measurements had the tendency to overestimate adiposity.Ø BMI, waist circumference measurements at the narrowest, BIA, and ADP should be used in tandem with each other in order to better predict the prevalence of increased adiposity in older adult females.Ø Due to the high proportion of variable results, it was concluded that there was a lack of standardization in adiposity measures in assessing older adult females.Ø This impacts the capability of health care professionals to adequately assess adiposity and make appropriate interventions. ConclusionsØ The accuracy of Body Mass Index (BMI), a frequently used measurement to assess adiposity in individuals and indicator in the prevalence cardiometabolic risk, has been long debated.1Ø This is a significant concern in the elderly population as body fat increases and muscle mass decreases with age, particularly in females.2Ø Other assessment techniques such as waist circumference at the narrowest area and umbilicus area (WCN and WCU respectively), sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and air displacement plethysmography (ADP) have been debated to be more accurate measurements of adiposity, as they use either central adiposity or body fat percentage to assess obesity related risk.3-5 Supported by a Center for Undergraduate Research and Scholarship (CURS) Grant from Bowling Green State University.AcknowledgmentsBody Mass Index (BMI). Mean BMI was 26.4±6.2 kg/m2 . Obesity-related risk (≥30 kg/m²) was noted in 25.0% of participants.Ø Variable results were found in 58.3% of participants.Ø All adiposity measures indicated 19.4% and 22.2% of participants were lean or obese, respectively. Ø All measurements were found to be highly correlated (r≥0.713, p<0.001). Results and Discussion12240102030No rm al Hig hNumber of Participants189 90102030No rm al Ov er weig ht Ob es eNumber of Participants23130102030No rm al Hig hNumber of Participants288010203040No rm al Hig hNumber of Participants010203040Number of ParticipantsNormal High010203040Number of ParticipantsHighNormalHealthy, 8, 22%Variable, 21, 58%Obese, 7, 20%Sagittal Abdominal Diameter (SAD). Mean SAD was 20.4±4.6 cm. Obesity-related risk (>19.3 cm) was noted in 66.6% of participants.Waist Circumference (WC, █). Mean WC was 90.8±13.8 cm at the umbilicus and 83.5±12.9 cm at the narrowest area. Obesity-related risk (>88 cm) was noted in 52.8% and 36.1% of participants, respectively.Waist-to-Height Ratio (Wt:Ht, ▓). Mean Wt:Ht was 0.55±0.09 at the umbilicus and 0.51±0.08 at the narrowest area. Obesity-related risk (>0.5) was noted in 72.2% and 41.6% of participants, respectively.Narrowest                                  UmbilicusBioelectrical Impedance Analysis. Mean % fat was 33.5±9.5%. Obesity-related risk (>42%) was noted in 22.2% of participants.Air Displacement Plethysmography. Mean % fat was 35.9±8.7%. Obesity-related risk (>42%) was noted in 36.1% of participants.

Comparison of Methods to Assess Adiposity in Middle-to-Older Adult Women

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Comparison of Methods to Assess Adiposity in Middle-to-Older Adult Women

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