In vitro cytotoxicity analysis of bioceramic root canal sealers on human gingival fibroblast cells

Abstract

Cytotoxicity of various bioceramic root canal sealers are not well understood due to the limited scientific data. Previous research focused on comparing the conventional and bioceramic root canal sealers but there was no comparison between the latter. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cytotoxicity of bioceramic root canal sealers and to propose the material that is less cytotoxic for clinical purposes. Bioceramic root canal sealers, such as GuttaFlow Bioseal, MTA Fillapex, CeraSeal Bioceramic root canal sealer and iRoot SP root canal sealer were mixed according to the manufacturers’ instructions and placed into a sterilised cylindrical silicone mold with 5 mm diameter and 3 mm thickness. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to analyse changes in the quality and consistency of all the bioceramic root canal sealers. Human gingival fibroblast cells were cultivated and exposed to material extracts for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h in a 5% CO2 humidified incubator at 37 °C. The MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was conducted to determine cell viability at each incubation period and compared between all the bioceramic root canal sealers. The cell viability was qualitatively graded as severe ( 90%). The data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 25.0. GuttaFlow Bioseal showed less cytotoxicity followed by CeraSeal Bioceramic root canal sealer, iRoot SP root canal sealer, and MTA Fillapex. Clinicians should select bioceramic root canal sealers that have low cytotoxic effects during root canal treatment procedure