Intake of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Probiotics in Pregnant and Lactating Women and Their Role in the Successful Completion of Pregnancy and Postpartum Depression

Abstract

Prehrana trudnica bi trebala biti prilagođena specifičnom tromjesečju kako bi se osigurale specifične potrebe rastućeg ploda. Nutritivni deficiti mogu imati niz negativnih posljedica kako na majku tako i na dijete. Danas, dodaci prehrani predstavljaju dobar način kako se nedostaci u prehrani mogu premostiti i samim time utjecati na brojne zdravstvene ishode. Omega-3 masne kiseline imaju važnu ulogu u razvoju mozga i kognitivnom razvoju djeteta u kasnijim fazama života dok je potencijal probiotika iznimno velik, od smanjenja rizika za pretilost i cijelog niza kroničnih bolesti koje se mogu javiti u odrasloj dobi. Cilj ovog opažajnog istraživanja bio je ispitati unos omega-3 masnih kiselina i probiotika prehranom i iz dodataka prehrani tijekom trudnoće te analirati utjecaj na njezine ishode. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 104 ispitanice, prosječne dobi 30,0 ± 5,1 godinu (18 do 45), 66,4 % prvorotkinja. Preegzistirajuće zdravstvene probleme ima 17,3 % ispitanica, a od komplikacija u trudnoći 8,7 % ima gestacijski dijabetes. Od početka trudnoće dodatke prehrani koristi njih 84,6 %, a tijekom cijele trudnoće 78,9 %. Probiotik i omega-3 masne kiseline u obliku dodatka prehrani koristi 41,4 % odnosno 39,4 % ispitanica. Većina ispitanica navodi kako svoju prehranu nije posebno mijenjala u trudnoći (26 %) dok ih 24 % navodi kako su samo uključile suplementaciju. Od hrane bogate probioticima, ispitanice navode mlijeko i mliječne proizvode a značajno manje ukiseljeno povrće. S druge strane, od hrane bogate omega-3 masnim kiselinama najzastupljeniji su orašasti plodovi i sjemenke te riba i morski plodovi.Diet of pregnant women should be adapted to a specific trimester to ensure specific needs of the foetus. Nutritional deficiencies can have a number of negative consequences on both mother and child. Today, supplements represent a good way to overcome nutritional deficiencies and affect a number of health outcomes. Omega-3 fatty acids play important role in brain and cognitive development of a child. The potential of probiotics is immense, from lowering obesity risk to a number of chronic conditions which can emerge later in life. The aim of this observational study was to analyse intake of omega-3 fatty acids and probiotics from foods and supplements during pregnancy and analyse their effect on pregnancy outcomes. A total of 104 women participated in the study, average age 30.0 ± 5.1 (18 to 45), 66.4 % nulliparous. Pre-existing health problem have 17.3 % of women, and 8.7 % developed gestational diabetes. At the beginning of pregnancy, 84.6 % used supplements, and throughout pregnancy 78.9 %. Probiotics and omega-3 fatty acids as a supplement are used by 41.4 % and 39.4 % of women, respectively. The majority of women say they did not change their diet during pregnancy (26 %) while 24 % say they only included supplementation. Probiotics from diet come mainly from milk and dairy, less from pickled vegetables. On the other hand, the main dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids are nuts and seeds, and fish