University of Zagreb. School of Medicine. Department of Surgery.
Abstract
Operacija zatezanja lica estetski je tretman koji se koristi u cilju ispravljanja staračkih promjena na licu i postizanja mlađeg izgleda. Razvitak ovog postupka krenuo je početkom 20. stoljeća, a modernije tehnike ušle su u upotrebu 60-ih godina, kada se počelo manipulirati dubljim slojevima lica. Otkrićem superficijalnog muskulo-aponeurotskog sistema (SMAS-a) lica, počele su se razvijati agresivnije tehnike koje se koriste i danas. Ovisno o karakteristikama pacijenta, njegovog lica i želja, može se koristiti više različitih tehnika zatezanja. Najosnovnija, ali i najmanje učinkovita tehnika je podizanje isključivo kože lica. Zatim postoje tzv. „Low-SMAS“ tehnike koje ulaze nešto dublje u tkiva lica i postižu bolje rezultate, kao što su plikacija, imbrikacija i lateralna SMAS-ektomija. Najagresivnije tehnike, a samim time i najučinkovitije manipuliraju još dubljim facijalnim slojevima, a primjeri tih „Extended-SMAS“ tehnika su tehnika duboke ravnine, tehnika visokog SMAS-a i kompozitni face lift. U posebnu kategoriju spadaju subperiostalni face lift i relativno nova i moderna „MACS“ tehnika, koja u cilju ima ostavljanje što manjih postoperativnih ožiljaka. Kao i svaki drugi operativni zahvat, zatezanje lica sa sobom također donosi mogućnost intraoperativnih i postoperativnih komplikacija. Neke od njih su stvaranje hematoma, infekcije, ozlijede živaca, stvaranje ožiljaka, alopecija, edemi, deformacije konture lica itd. Budući da se manipulira osjetljivim strukturama lica, potrebno je veliko iskustvo operatera u tom području da bi se rizik komplikacija sveo na minimum. Uzimajući u obzir da su procesi starenja u svake osobe različiti, individualni pristup svakom pacijentu najbitnija je preoperativna karika. Ako se usklade operativne mogućnosti i pacijentova očekivanja, ovaj zahvat u pravilu izaziva dugoročno i obostrano zadovoljstvo, kako kirurga, tako i pacijenta.Face lift operation is an aesthetic treatment used to correct age-related changes in the face and achieve a younger look. The development of this procedure began in the early 20th century, and more modern techniques came into use in the 60s, when the deeper layers of the face began to be manipulated. With the discovery of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) of the face, more aggressive techniques, that are still in use today, began to develop. Depending on the characteristics of the patient, his face and desires, several different face lift techniques can be used. The most basic, but also the least effective technique is “skin-only” technique. Then, there are the so-called "Low-SMAS" techniques that go a little deeper into the facial tissues and achieve better results, such as plication, imbrication and lateral SMAS-ectomy. The most aggressive techniques, and thus the most effective, manipulate even deeper facial layers, and examples of these "Extended-SMAS" techniques are the deep-plane technique, the high-SMAS technique and the composite face lift. A special category includes the subperiosteal face lift and the relatively new and modern "MACS" technique, which aims to leave as little postoperative scars as possible. Like any other surgical procedure, face lift also brings up the possibility of intraoperative and postoperative complications. Some of these are hematoma formation, infection, nerve injury, scar formation, alopecia, edema, facial contour deformities etc. Since sensitive facial structures are being manipulated, extensive operator experience in this field is required to minimize the risk of complications. Considering the fact that aging processes are different in each person, the individual approach to each patient is the most important preoperative link. If the operative possibilities and the patient's expectations are harmonized, this procedure should cause long-term and mutual satisfaction, both for the surgeon and the patient