Lee, Du-Han

Penning, Ellis

Ryu, Yong-Uk

Yeo, Hong-Koo

English

Hydraulic Engineering Repository

Article, Published VersionLee, Du-Han; Yeo, Hong-Koo; Ryu, Yong-Uk; Penning, EllisThe river experiment centre andong - a unique nearprototype outdoor flume facilityHydrolinkVerfügbar unter/Available at: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11970/109370Vorgeschlagene Zitierweise/Suggested citation:Lee, Du-Han; Yeo, Hong-Koo; Ryu, Yong-Uk; Penning, Ellis (2017): The river experimentcentre andong - a unique near prototype outdoor flume facility. In: Hydrolink 2017/2. Madrid:International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR). S.50-53. https://iahr.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com/library/HydroLink/HydroLink2017_02_37th_IAHR_Congress.pdf.Standardnutzungsbedingungen/Terms of Use:Die Dokumente in HENRY stehen unter der Creative Commons Lizenz CC BY 4.0, sofern keine abweichendenNutzungsbedingungen getroffen wurden. Damit ist sowohl die kommerzielle Nutzung als auch das Teilen, dieWeiterbearbeitung und Speicherung erlaubt. Das Verwenden und das Bearbeiten stehen unter der Bedingung derNamensnennung. Im Einzelfall kann eine restriktivere Lizenz gelten; dann gelten abweichend von den obigenNutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte.Documents in HENRY are made available under the Creative Commons License CC BY 4.0, if no other license isapplicable. Under CC BY 4.0 commercial use and sharing, remixing, transforming, and building upon the materialof the work is permitted. In some cases a different, more restrictive license may apply; if applicable the terms ofthe restrictive license will be binding.50 hydrolink number 2/2017conditions. The steep section with a high flowrate generates a strong flow that is necessaryfor stability tests of structures such as levees,weirs and revetments. The sharp bends alsoallow a consideration of oblique flow direction.After the steep section, the channel has analmost flat section (slope of 1:1000) with asandy bed. Channel 2 is a straight channel witha compound section, which allows for studiesrepresenting river-floodplain interaction. Theone-sided floodplain section is located in the150 m long downstream region of the channel.The base width of the floodplain is 6.5 timesgreater than the bed width of the main channel.Channel 3 is a meandering channel with varioussinuosities to represent different river energydynamics and better study flows through thesebends. The meandering section is composed of4 different sinuosities over a 400 m long region.After the meandering section, a two-sidedcompound section with equal berm width islocated downstream. Along the channels,crossing instrumentation carriages moving overrails are equipped for accurate measurements. Besides the prototype channels, the hydraulicmodel test basin was designed for hydraulicmodel tests. Separately from the channels, theflume circulates water with its own pump systemwith a maximum flow rate of 2 m3/s. The flume is filled with sand for movable bedtests as well as for other model tests. Theretention pond covers an area of 17,000 m2and is capable of storing 15,000 m3 of water forenvironmental and ecological studies instagnant waters. Recognizing the importance of improving ourknowledge about the complex interactionsbetween hydrologic regime, geomorphicevolution of river channels and the associatedinteractions with vegetation and biologicresponses combined with the difficulties ofscaling many riverine processes down to thelaboratory scale, the Korean Institute of CivilEngineering and Building Technology (KICT, seetextbox) has developed one of the largest riverexperimentation facilities in the world, the RiverExperiment Center (REC), in Andong. The REChas a total area of 200,000 m2 and wasdesigned for full scale tests with three prototypechannels (600 m long and 11 m wide) and alarge capacity pump facility with a controllableflow rate up to 10 m3/s and a flow velocity up to5 m/s. Additionally, a 100 m long and 30 m widehydraulic model test basin and a retention pondare also part of the premises equipped forvarious kinds and scales of river experiments. The River Experiment Centre was constructed in2009 and officially opened in 2012. From thenon, a large variety of experiments has beenundertaken, ranging from full size tests on bankerosion prevention measures to the validationand calibration of advanced flow measurementequipment. Being outdoor, with clean watersfrom the Nakdong River and with a natural bed,the REC provides excellent opportunities to carryout real scale tests on vegetated flows, withnaturally rooted vegetation. Also, experiments onfish behavior have been carried out. As a result,the REC fits the position between indoor smallerscaled lab and real field conditions, with theadvantage that despite being outdoor, flow andwater levels can be controlled and the bed levelis perfectly known. FacilitiesThe main facilities of the REC are threeprototype channels that were designed to beable to study a wide range of stream character-istics. Four pumps with a large capacitygenerate a maximum flow rate of 10 m3/s in thechannels. Channel 1 has a steep section withsharp bends (slope of 1:80) to create super-critical flows for stability studies under extremeTHE RIVER EXPERIMENT CENTRE ANDONG – A UNIQUE NEAR PROTOTYPE OUTDOORFLUME FACILITYBY DU-HAN LEE, HONG-KOO YEO, YONG-UK RYU & ELLIS PENNINGFigure 1. Overview of the RECFigure 3. Members of Andong River Experiment ForumKICT is a government-sponsoredresearch institute responsible forestablishing government policiesand performing R&D on infrastructure, buildings, water management and environmental engineering for the nation (www.kict.re.kr)IAHR WORLD CONGRESS37th IAHR13- 18 August 2017Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia201751hydrolink number 2/2017Du-Han Lee is the head ofthe REC, KICT. He received a Ph.D. in Civil and Environmental Engineeringfrom Seoul NationalUniversity. He specializes in physical and numerical modeling of riverhydraulics.Hong-Koo Yeo is the directorof the REC, KICT. Hereceived a Ph.D. in Civil andEnvironmental Engineeringfrom Seoul NationalUniversity. He leads a group working forconducting hydraulic model tests in riverengineering and providing technicalsupports for government policies. He iscurrently one of chairs of Andong RiverExperiment Forum.Yong-Uk Ryu is a seniorresearcher at the REC. Hereceived his Ph.D. fromTexas A&M University. Hespecializes in physicalmodeling of river hydraulics and wavemechanics. He is now involved in acooperation project with Deltares on flow-vegetation interaction.Ellis Penning is a seniorecologist at Deltares and co-chairs the InternationalSteering Committee of theREC and the Andong RiverExperiment Forum. She specializes inecohydraulics with a focus on the interactionbetween aquatic vegetation and hydro-morphodynamics and its application in dailywater management. At Deltares she leadsthe research programme on Nature BasedFlood Defences.Sharing knowledge at the REC – TheAndong River Experiment ForumThe vision of KICT is to develop the REC into aglobal hub for ecohydraulics experiments whereengineers and scientists from around the worldcan address some of the grand challengesassociated with managing the world’s rivers.The REC seeks to facilitate the collaborativeexploration of the complex interactions amongflow, sediment, geomorphology and flora andfauna at a large scale. An important part of thephilosophy underlying the development of thisfacility has been fostering networking andcollaborative research activities, with particularencouragement for young professionals. TheAndong River Experiment Forum is one of theactivities for achieving this goal, where experi-ences from around the world can be sharedwith a goal of collectively acceleratingknowledge discovery. The Andong River Experiment Forum aims toprovide river experts all around the world with aforum for regular-basis meetings, discussions,and training on experimental approaches offluvial and aquatic hydraulics based at the REC.The Forum mainly pursues research discus-sions on experimental work conducted in eitherthe REC, or elsewhere. The Forum is open to allscientists and engineers who work on river-based studies and encourages them to join itsactivities. Topics include river restoration, riverhydraulics, fluvial geomorphology and eco-hydraulics. Special attention is given toemerging technologies that can be used topredict and evaluate alternative future conditions using hybrid analytical approachesthat integrate field observations with large-scalelaboratory experiments and computer simulations. The 1st Andong River Experiment Forum(AREF) under the theme of "Current River andEcology Hydraulics based on Experiments" washeld at the REC on April 29, 2014. In the forum,the co-chairs (Dr. Peter Goodwin, Dr. Hong-KooYeo) and international specialists from the U.S.(Dr. Marian Muste), Canada (Dr. Ana Maria daSilva), the Netherlands (Dr. Ellis Penning) aswell as Korea (Dr. Won Kim, Dr. Dongsu Kim,Dr. Chang-lae Jang) presented various studiesand discussed future directions for the Forum.In the first forum, two topics were selected forfurther international cooperation projects: 1) performance of instrumentation andmeasurement accuracy, 2) vegetated flows.These items closely connect with thediscussion on using inter-laboratorycomparison tests for documenting the uncer-tainty related to site conditions. In the 2ndforum in 2015, various studies under the topicscarried out in the REC since the 1st forum werepresented. Besides the performed studies, newresearch items that are expected to extractmeaningful outcomes from large scale andnatural conditions were suggested anddiscussed for feasible future studies. In RiverFlows 2016 in Saint Louis, a special sessionwas organized for introduction of the themesand studies under the forum as well as topresent the REC as a unique facility toresearchers over the world. We invite thoseinterested to join the AREF2017 which will beorganized by KICT on 16-17 October 2017 inSouth Korea. During this year’s forum we willspecifically focus on the role of the REC in thevalidation of new monitoring techniques andsensor calibration in unscaled yet controlledsituations. For more information, please contactYong-Uk Ryu at yuryu@kict.re.kr nFigure 2. Experiments in the REC: (a) Safety test against strong flows  (b) Flows over vegetated patches(c) Bank erosion mats  (d) Flows along the meandering sectiona bdcIAHRSilke Wieprecht is a full-time professor andthe head of theDepartment of HydraulicEngineering and WaterResources Managementof the University of Stuttgart. She isadvisor of the Baden-Württemberg YoungProfessional Network of the IAHR, andmember of the World Council of the IAHR.52 hydrolink number 2/2017Gender equality is a human right and meansthat that everyone should receive equaltreatment and not be discriminated againstbased on their gender [1]. United NationsUniversal Declaration of Human Rights states:"Mainstreaming a gender perspective is theprocess of assessing the implications forwomen and men of any planned action,including legislation, policies or programs, in allareas and at all levels. It is a strategy for makingwomen's as well as men's concerns and experi-ences an integral dimension of the design,implementation, monitoring and evaluation ofpolicies and programs in all political, economicand societal spheres so that women and menbenefit equally and inequality is not perpet-uated. The ultimate goal is to achieve genderequality." [2]IAHR still has some efforts to undertake toachieve the aim of gender equity within theorganisation. The council expressed concernsabout the lack of women in IAHR leadershiproles, which led to the creation of a Task Forceconsisting of Sharon Nunes (Vice President forResearch, IBM, USA), Jing Peng (Director,Division of International Cooperation, IWHR,China), Ioana Popescu (Associate Professor ofHydroinformatics, UNESCO IHE, TheNetherlands), Ana Maria da Silva (Professor,Department of Civil Engineering, QueensUniversity, Canada) and as Chair of the TaskForce Silke Wieprecht (Professor, Institute forModeling Hydraulic and EnvironmentalSystems, University of Stuttgart, Germany). Theaim was to analyze the demographics in IAHRand develop recommendations on how toensure that the full intellectual capacity of thewater profession will be represented in IAHRmembership and leadership in the future.Actual situation in IAHRThe membership database was provided by theIAHR head office (status 8/2016). Actually IAHRat that time had 4108 members, including 2506males, 616 females and 986 whose gender wasunknown. The group of “unknown” is quite highand could distort the analysis. Thus, in thefollowing graphs this group is not considered(Figure 1). There are 154 members in committees andleadership teams, including 18 females and136 males. 61 members are active in regionaldivisions, including 9 females and 52 males. 19members are in the council of which 2 arefemales and 17 are males (Figure 2).The age groups are represented almostequally: 34 % are under 35, 30% are in the agebetween 35 and 50, and 36 % are older than50. Although there is a consistent agedistribution the share of females in the agegroups is very different. 30% of the members inthe typical YPN-age are females, in the group of35 to 50 the ratio of females reduces to 25 %and in the group of 50 years and older it is only 6%.The decline of number of females is even moreobvious when we look at the leadershippositions. The overall share of women in IAHRmembership is approximately 20%. Asmembers of technical committees women are12 % and in regional divisions 15 %. However,in the council there are only 2 % women. Comparison with other institutionsSeveral publications and statistics can be founddocumenting more or less the same tendenciesfor STEM disciplines and for engineering inparticular. DeCohen and Deterding (2009) [3]report that of the university students enrolled inengineering disciplines approximately 22 % arefemale and among the graduates 24 % arefemale. This means that the retention rate offemales is higher compared to male students.However, the higher we climb the job ladder themore we are losing the young women. Applying the published data from the NationalScience Foundation on the US Science andEngineering Workforce Trends and Compositionwe see how much (or little) women’sinvolvement in STEM fields has changed overthe course of 17 years between 1993 and 2010.The results of this study include men andwomen ages 16 and over pursuing studies orworking in a STEM field. The male to femaleratio has remained almost constant at 70:30,despite the time passed (Figure 3). Typical drawbacks for womenAnalyzing the literature, own experiences, andpersonal discussions with women in respectivepositions several typical drawbacks can beidentified:• The struggle to break genderstereotypes: There are many genderstereotypes surrounding everyone every day.Knowing that STEM disciplines arepredominantly occupied by males, it isdifficult for a female to start a career or evento be interested in STEM, or leadershippositions. These stereotypes play a majorrole in a female’s career choice. • Lack of female (and male) mentors:Another barrier to females in STEM andleadership is the lack of a person they can goto for advice in a male-dominatedenvironment. With the trend of STEMdisciplines being surrounded with more menthan women, it is difficult for a woman to fit inor even articulate their opinions. • Flexibility in the job: Missing flexibility is aconcern in some job positions. This is in acertain way also applicable to IAHR.Although, IAHR does not offer job positionsfor its members, it offers leadership positionsand responsibilities. This represents the areawhere IAHR could be different from otherorganizations in being more flexible.Potential measures to be taken inIAHRGender equity also requires an examination oforganizational practices and policies that mayGENDER EQUITY EFFORTSIN IAHRBY SILKE WIEPRECHT53hydrolink number 2/2017hinder the participation and development ofwomen. Therefore ideas for potential measuresare identified:• Awareness and importance of the topic: Itis important that we set up, enhance, reviveand exemplify within IAHR a culture whichbreaks the gender stereotypes and mitigatestheir past effects. This means that genderequity is not an issue only for women. It is infact an issue for the entire IAHR community. Itis a serious and important topic and nobodyshould smile at it. It is also not a “nice-to-have”, or an inconvenient duty. In fact, it is abasic requirement for a well-functioning,diverse and emancipated association. • Mentoring: We are a male-dominatedassociation. There is only a restricted numberof females in leadership positions.Consequently, it is obvious that not only thewomen in IAHR can take over mentorshippositions. It is a task for the whole communityhaving mentors in a male-dominatedworkplace, who support females to worktowards their interest in STEM fields andleadership positions. ConclusionGender equality will be achieved only whenwomen and men enjoy the same opportunities,rights and obligations in all spheres of life. Thismeans sharing equally in the distribution ofpower and influence, and having equalopportunities and realizing their personalambitions.IAHR has committed itself to contribute togender equity within the organization. Hence, itis essential to develop a commonunderstanding that this topic is important forboth, men and women. We want to provide anenvironment which supports women and mento step up and take ownership of this topic.Especially, the young-age group, as the futuregeneration of the association, can considerablycontribute. The activities of the YoungProfessional Network (YPN) show the firstsuccessful results like increasing number ofmemberships. Quantity-wise this is also the agegroup with the highest share of females. Thus, itis very important to encourage them to stayloyal to IAHR when they proceed from the YPNstatus to “full” members. nReferences[1] United Nations. Report of the Economic and Social Council for1997. A/52/3.18 September 1997, [2] United Nations "Universal Declaration of Human Rights" (PDF).wwda.org December 16, 1948. Retrieved October 31, 2016.[3] De Cohen and Deterding, 2009.  Widening the net: nationalestimates of gender disparities in Engineering, ASEE. Journal ofEngineering Education, July 2009IAHRFigure 1. Absolute numbers of male and female members in IAHR distributed to thedifferent age groups of under 35 (YPN), 35 to 50 as well as 50 and overFigure 2. Absolute numbers of male and female members in IAHR distributed to thedifferent positions of all members, leadership positions (e.g. technical committees),members in regional divisions as well as council membersFigure 3. Percentage of women in STEM fields (Data from US S&E Workforce: Trendsand Composition from National Science Foundation)Male/Female Members of IAHR (age distribution)Male/Female Members of IAHR (leadership positions)Male/Female in STEM Fields

The river experiment centre andong - a unique near prototype outdoor flume facility

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The river experiment centre andong - a unique near prototype outdoor flume facility

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