Ma, Zhipeng|Wang, Sen

Wan, Donghui

Zhang, Kang

Zou, Huazhi

English

Hydraulic Engineering Repository

Article, Published VersionMa, Zhipeng|Wang, Sen; Wan, Donghui; Zhang, Kang; Zou, HuazhiComprehensive operation of reservoirs and sluice-pumpgroups in the pearl river basinHydrolinkVerfügbar unter/Available at: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11970/109383Vorgeschlagene Zitierweise/Suggested citation:Ma, Zhipeng|Wang, Sen; Wan, Donghui; Zhang, Kang; Zou, Huazhi (2017): Comprehensiveoperation of reservoirs and sluice-pump groups in the pearl river basin. In: Hydrolink 2017/4.Madrid: International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR).S. 108-110. https://iahr.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com/library/HydroLink/HydroLink2017_04_Multi_Reservoir_Systems_Operations.pdf.Standardnutzungsbedingungen/Terms of Use:Die Dokumente in HENRY stehen unter der Creative Commons Lizenz CC BY 4.0, sofern keine abweichendenNutzungsbedingungen getroffen wurden. Damit ist sowohl die kommerzielle Nutzung als auch das Teilen, dieWeiterbearbeitung und Speicherung erlaubt. Das Verwenden und das Bearbeiten stehen unter der Bedingung derNamensnennung. Im Einzelfall kann eine restriktivere Lizenz gelten; dann gelten abweichend von den obigenNutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte.Documents in HENRY are made available under the Creative Commons License CC BY 4.0, if no other license isapplicable. Under CC BY 4.0 commercial use and sharing, remixing, transforming, and building upon the materialof the work is permitted. In some cases a different, more restrictive license may apply; if applicable the terms ofthe restrictive license will be binding.108 hydrolink number 4/2017In order to better satisfy the various waterdemands in the Pearl River basin, such asflood control, power generation, water supply,suppression of saltwater intrusion, navigationsecurity, and eco-environment protection, wehave developed a multi-objectivecomprehensive management model, whichtakes into account the flood control operationof key cascade reservoirs, the storage ofwater at the end of the flood period, waterreleases in the dry period, and the combinedoperation of sluice-pump groups. Significantsocial, economic, and environmental benefitscan be achieved from the comprehensiveoperation of the sluices in the Pearl Riverbasin.IntroductionThe Pearl River is the second largest river inChina next to the Yangtze River in terms ofdischarge. In order to generate power, controlflooding, and supply fresh water, numerousreservoirs have been constructed in the upperand middle reaches of the Pearl River, andthe embankments in the middle and lowerreaches of the river have been strengthened,resulting in substantial changes in thehydraulic regime in the Pearl River basin. Amajor problem is that the control and use ofwater resources for multiple purposes, suchas flood control, power generation, watersupply, salinity suppression, satisfyingecological and environmental constraints andnavigation, should be well coordinated, whichcan be complicated by the large drainagearea with no reservoirs providing river flowregulation and long water transfer distance(about 1000 km from the upstream TianyiReservoir to the estuary). Obviously, the existing operation rules maynot be adaptable to such dramatic changesin the Pearl River basin. The Pearl River Deltais a low-lying area surrounding the Pearl Riverestuary with a dense network of cities and alarge population, and it is now one of thethree largest economic zones in China. Theriver system of the Pearl River Delta consistsof thousands of river branches with numeroussluices and pumps The hydrodynamics andmass transfer in the Pearl River Delta can beaffected simultaneously by multiple factorssuch as runoff, tides and hydraulic structures.Thus, the Pearl River Delta is considered tobe one of the most complex delta watersystems in China, making it extremely difficultfor the multi-objective operation of sluices andtheir pumps.COMPREHENSIVE OPERATION OF RESERVOIRS AND SLUICE-PUMPGROUPS IN THE PEARL RIVER BASINBY ZHIPENG MA, SEN WANG, DONGHUI WAN, KANG ZHANG & HUAZHI ZOU In order to prevent flood and drought disasters, cascade reservoirs and embankments have beenconstructed in the main river, and numerous sluices and pumps have also been installed in the deltaof the Pearl River. These manmade projects have caused substantial changes in the hydraulic regimein the Pearl River basin. We propose a 1D/2D coupled flood model to precisely characterize floodflows accounting for how the water flows out of and then returns to the main channel. Figure 1. The geographic location of the Pearl River basinMulti-reservoir      Systems     Operations109hydrolink number 4/2017IAHRChanges in hydrologic regimeA total of 257 flood events of differentmagnitudes in the river section with cascadereservoirs were measured, and changes intheir travel time before and after theconstruction of cascade reservoirs in theupper reach were comprehensively comparedby statistical analysis, hydrological methodsand hydrodynamic models. The results of thiscomparison showed that the speed ofpropagation of moderate and small floodsincreased after the construction of thecascade reservoirs, resulting in a decrease inthe average travel time over the reach fromLongtan Reservoir to Qiaogong Reservoir(about 422 km) by about 13 hours. Thiscomprehensive comparison approach usesthe hydrological method and thehydrodynamic model mutual verificationmethod to calculate the flood propagationtime, which can make full use of availabledata and information and improve thecomputational efficiency withoutcompromising accuracy compared withtraditional hydrological method. For themiddle and downstream part of the systemwith numerous embankments, in order to dealwith the problem of needing to estimateempirically main channel outflows in thehydrological method, we propose a 1D/2Dcoupled flood model to precisely describehow part of the flood waters flows out of andthen returns to the main channel, which canbe solved by the Riemann problem-basedmethod. The peak flood flow that returns tothe main channel is increased by about10.4% on average compared with the naturalflood flow, and the higher the floodmagnitude, the more pronounced thephenomenon of water returning to the mainchannel. This contributes to betterunderstanding of the variation and evolutionparameters of flood events of differentmagnitudes, and thus provides valuableinsights into the water control for thecomplete or partial returning of water to themain channel, flood control in the Pearl Riverbasin, and the construction of key waterconservancy projects. Flood control operationConsidering the complex flood scenarios andlimited flood control capacity, we propose amethod for classifying flood events based ontheir discriminative properties, such as thestage of flood, the difference in theoccurrence time of flood peak, and the ratioof flood volume between upstream anddownstream. We developed a flood controloperation model based on the self-recognition of flood classes, and thediscrimination of different flood events andcorresponding discharge of reservoirs. Thisenables the dynamic self-recognition of floodclasses and real-time control of discharge,making it possible to make full use of limitedFigure 3. Self-recognition of flood classes and operation process of typical floods Figure 2. Changes of flood travel time and flood hydrograph in the Pearl River basinMulti-reservoir      Systems     Operations110 hydrolink number 4/2017flood control storage. As a result, the floodcontrol capacity can be significantly improvedin cases of floods occurring in the basin, or inthe middle and lower reaches of the river.Compared with the existing method, the peakflood flow occurring in the basin in June 1994is reduced by 1600 m³/s, and its probabilityof occurrence is reduced from once in 200years to once in 60 years; whereas the peakflood flow occurring in the middle and lowerreaches of the river in June 1998 is reducedby 2300 m³/s, and its probability is reducedfrom once in 200 years to once in 100 years. Comprehensive managementIn order to better satisfy the diverse waterdemands in the Pearl River basin, wedeveloped a multi-objective comprehensivemanagement model consisting of both mid-and-long term scheduling and short-termscheduling. This model can serve multiplepurposes such as flood control, powergeneration, water supply, satisfying ecologicaland environmental constraints, navigation,and suppression of salinity by integratingmonthly multi-objective operations in theflood and dry seasons and daily flood controland power generation operations, theimpounding of water at the end of the floodperiod, and the water storage in the dryperiod. Attempts have also been made toZhipeng Ma, now a seniorengineer in the Pearl RiverHydraulic ResearchInstitute, graduated fromthe College of WaterConservancy and Hydraulic Engineering ofthe Hohai University in 2008. He isspecialized in reservoir operation,watershed management and planning. Sen Wang graduated fromthe School of HydraulicEngineering of the DalianUniversity of Technology in2014. He is specialized incoordinated optimizationof large-scale cascade reservoirs,watershed management and planning, andwater resources information. Donghui Wan, now asenior engineer in thePearl River HydraulicResearch Institute,graduated from the Schoolof Water Resources andHydraulic Engineering of the WuhanUniversity in 2008. He is specialized inhydrologic variation, hydrologic cyclesimulation and ecological hydrologicresearch under human activities andclimatic changes. Kang Zhang, now a seniorengineer in the Pearl RiverHydraulic ResearchInstitute, graduated fromthe Department ofHydraulic Engineering ofthe Tsinghua University in 2012. He isspecialized in the hydrologic variation andits influences, water resourcesmanagement, planning and development. Huazhi Zou, now a seniorengineer in the Pearl RiverHydraulic ResearchInstitute, graduated fromthe Ocean University ofChina. He is specialized inthe water environment, estuary andcoastline hydrodynamics. His researchinterest is the numerical simulation ofestuary hydrodynamics, salt tide and waterenvironment, and the dynamic mechanismfor the salt-freahwater alternation at thePearl River estuary. ensure reliable interconnection and switchingbetween different tasks under differenthydraulic conditions. As a result, the totalpower generation of the cascadedhydropower stations increased by 0.9 billionkWh over the period from 2014 to 2016, andthe daily reliability of ecological flow anddischarge for the suppression of saltwaterintrusion in the control section haverespectively reached 95% and 85%respectively over the period from 2015 to2016. In addition, the water storage increasedby 0.85 billion m3 with an increase rate of8.6% in 2015. A simulation platform was usedfor mass (e.g., pollutants and salts) transferand for the operation of sluices and theirpumps, taking into account various dynamicfactors such as runoff, tide and wind. Thismakes it possible to produce high-precisionsimulations of hydrodynamics and masstransfer in the Pearl River Delta. Thecoordinated operation of sluices and theirpumps contributes to improved managementof the cascade reservoirs in terms of theopening and closing timing of sluices andtheir pumps, salinity suppression andfreshwater supplement. The results show thatsome hydrological indexes, such as thepollutant concentration in river branches andwater storage and supply can be effectivelyimproved. nMulti-reservoir      Systems     Operations

Comprehensive operation of reservoirs and sluice-pump groups in the pearl river basin

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Comprehensive operation of reservoirs and sluice-pump groups in the pearl river basin

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