Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchive

Huang, Yu Bo

Kuo, Wan Mu

Su, Wei Ling

English

Hydraulic Engineering Repository

Conference Paper, Published VersionSu, Wei Ling; Huang, Yu Bo; Kuo, Wan MuNew Approach of the Water Resource Conservation inTaiwan — an Ecological Check for Reservoir WatershedProject (ECRWP)Zur Verfügung gestellt in Kooperation mit/Provided in Cooperation with:Kuratorium für Forschung im Küsteningenieurwesen (KFKI)Verfügbar unter/Available at: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11970/108578Vorgeschlagene Zitierweise/Suggested citation:Su, Wei Ling; Huang, Yu Bo; Kuo, Wan Mu (2016): New Approach of the Water ResourceConservation in Taiwan — an Ecological Check for Reservoir Watershed Project (ECRWP).In: Yu, Pao-Shan; Lo, Wie-Cheng (Hg.): ICHE 2016. Proceedings of the 12th InternationalConference on Hydroscience & Engineering, November 6-10, 2016, Tainan, Taiwan. Tainan:NCKU.Standardnutzungsbedingungen/Terms of Use:Die Dokumente in HENRY stehen unter der Creative Commons Lizenz CC BY 4.0, sofern keine abweichendenNutzungsbedingungen getroffen wurden. Damit ist sowohl die kommerzielle Nutzung als auch das Teilen, dieWeiterbearbeitung und Speicherung erlaubt. Das Verwenden und das Bearbeiten stehen unter der Bedingung derNamensnennung. Im Einzelfall kann eine restriktivere Lizenz gelten; dann gelten abweichend von den obigenNutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte.Documents in HENRY are made available under the Creative Commons License CC BY 4.0, if no other license isapplicable. Under CC BY 4.0 commercial use and sharing, remixing, transforming, and building upon the materialof the work is permitted. In some cases a different, more restrictive license may apply; if applicable the terms ofthe restrictive license will be binding.Verwertungsrechte: Alle Rechte vorbehalten12th International Conference on Hydroscience & Engineering Hydro-Science & Engineering for Environmental Resilience November 6-10, 2016, Tainan, Taiwan.  New Approach of the Water Resource Conservation in Taiwan — An Ecological Check for Reservoir Watershed Project (ECRWP)  Wei Ling Su1, Yu Bo Huang1, Wan Mu Kuo2 1. Observer Ecological Consultant Co., Ltd. 2. Water Resources Agency, Conservation Division Taipei, Taiwan    ABSTRACT The Ecological Check for Reservoir Watershed Project (ECRWP) is the new resulted protocol to ensure a sustainable environmental management within the reservoir watersheds. The ECRWP focused on ecological assessments, public engagement, and open information, has been implementing in Shihmen, Zengwen, Nanhua and Wushantou reservoirs. The ECRWP is adapted to the engineering lifecycle, including planning, design, construction, operations & maintenance phase, and considered in interdisciplinary fields. Until 2015, we collect the total amount of 328 case studies and feedback to the procedure, formulate the working manual of ECRWP (draft). In response of the need for a more integrated watershed management, as well as the increasing awareness of conservation, the ECRWP has been widely applied and well accepted on reservoir engineering projects.  KEY WORDS: ECRWP, ecological check, watershed management, public engagement, open information,  ecologically sensitive area INTRODUCTION  Extreme weather events, including floods and droughts, are increasing in both frequency and intensity, posing a threat to life and property. The severe conditions and the water shortage has prompted the Water Resources Agency (WRA) to play an active role on the preservation and management of reservoir watersheds. Meanwhile, awareness of the need for watershed conservation is on the rise, demanding public engagement and open information. The Ecological Check for Reservoir Watershed Project (ECRWP) is the new resulted protocol to ensure a sustainable environmental management within the reservoir watersheds. The ECRWP focused on ecological assessments, public engagement, and open information, has been implementing in Shihmen, Zengwen, Nanhua and Wushantou reservoirs.  DEVELOPEMENT The concept of the ecological checklist was first developed to fit with the phases of construction project life cycle in the Zengwen Reservoir Watershed Remediation Project 2007. The Ecological Survey & Assessment Specification for catchment management engineering (draft) was originally formulated by WRA between 2009 and 2010, involving a participatory consultation process with governmental engineers, specialists, experts and organizations, as well as a rolling assessment based on field experience. During the years, the 2010 draft were tested on 112 cases within Shihmen, Zengwen, Nanhua and Wushantou Reservoir Watersheds and the methods modified into a working manual of ECWP.  PROCEDURE  The ECRWP is adapted to the engineering lifecycle, including planning, design, construction, operations & maintenance phase, and considered in interdisciplinary fields. (as Fig.1) The ECRWP includes two main works (as Fig. 2):   (1) Ecologists participate in the engineering projects, providing conservation measures based on data review, field investigation and environmental evaluation to mitigate potential impacts, at the same time documenting the whole process.  (2) Direct and effective communication among engineers, ecologists and interested citizens are established through public engagement and open information.    Fig. 1 the procedure of ECRWP.   Fig. 2 main work of ECRWP  ECRWP emphasize the importance of public engagement and open information.  In order to facilitate public engagement, the responsible agency is required to hold public hearings during the phases of planning and construction, inviting local organizations, individual residents and stakeholders. Ideally the hearing should provide honest communication and mutual-understanding, allowing local environment and culture knowledge on to be considered.  The main work of ecological assessment is (1) environmental review of the project site, (2) habitat evaluation and ecological survey, (3)  mapping of conservational importance, (4) impact assessment and mitigation strategies. Among the assessment, mapping of ecological sensitive areas is the efficient method for optimal design to reduce the ecological effects. (as Fig. 3)   Fig. 3 mapping of ecological sensitive areas. The ecological check process consisted of field inspections, public engagement, habitat assessments, mapping of ecologically sensitive areas and developing the proper strategies to reduce the impact from engineering projects. The basic philosophy of these strategies is that prevention is better than cure in avoiding the negative effects of ecosystem. Where avoidance or minimization is impossible or impractical, mitigation measures should be designed as an integral part of the scheme. Where mitigation is insufficient or significant residual impacts remain, then compensating measures should be considered as a last resort. (as Fig. 4)   Fig. 4 ecological issues and mitigation hierarchy  ISSUES AND STRATEGIES  The common issues in reservoir watershed projects and upstream engineering projects are (1) protect natural habitats, (2) avoid/restore riparian area, (3) preserve large old trees of ecological importance, (4) avoid irreversible impacts on river ecosystems, (5) control negative side effects during construction phases, (6) avoid hard engineering methods, (7) avoid longitudinal connectivity of waterways, (8) provide wildlife escape ramps, (9) prevent spreading of invasive weeds, (10) consider local culture and land use, (11) protect the identified key species. (as Fig. 5)   Fig. 5 The common issues in reservoir watershed projects and upstream engineering projects.  12th International Conference on Hydroscience & Engineering Hydro-Science & Engineering for Environmental Resilience November 6-10, 2016, Tainan, Taiwan.  In the total of 112 cases, operated by Southern Region Water Resources Office, Chia-Nan Irrigation Association, Taiwan Water Corporation, Tainan City Government, and Chiayi County Government, 37 strategies were avoiding constructions on recovered or sensitive areas, 100 strategies were minimizing the affected areas, 222 strategies were reducing the magnitude of habitat impacts, and 20 strategies were recommending measures of ecological compensations.  The strategy of avoidance includes (1) cancelling the proposed project, (2) avoiding ecological impacts on natural forests and watercourses. The strategy of minimization includes (1) restricting the engineering sites, (2) buffer zones around designated sites or habitats of ecological importance such as native trees, rocks or bedrock. The strategy of mitigation includes (1) restricting and managing the extent of operational sites, (2) designing of wildlife-friendly and/or building wildlife escape ramps, (3) reducing noise and pollution during construction phases, (4) proposals for monitoring of environmental conditions, (5) precautionary measures to avoid disturbing the breeding and foraging grounds of key species, (6) re-planting with native plants, preventing the spread of invasive weeds. The strategy of compensation includes (1) transplanting the native saplings, (2) restoring the native environment, (3) planting to stabilize bare soil, (4) habitat reconstruction.   CONCLUSIONS  Until 2015, we collect the total amount of 328 case studies and feedback to the procedure. The overall results of this project were successful in assisting reservoir managers to incorporate conservation engineering practices and refining the procedure. Based on implementing experience and effectiveness evaluation, the working manual of ECRWP (draft) was formulated by Water Resource Agency(WRA).  In response of the need for a more integrated watershed management, as well as the increasing awareness of conservation, the ECRWP has been widely applied and well accepted on reservoir engineering projects. We hope that ECRWP will continue to be a useful approach in realizing both watershed management and environmental conservation in the future.  ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  These projects were funded by Water Resource Agency. The cases we collected is operated by Southern Region Water Resources Office, Chia-Nan Irrigation Association, Taiwan Water Corporation, Tainan City Government, Chiayi County Government, Soil and Water Conservation Bureau, and Forestry Bureau. The author would also like to thank many authorities, engineers and ecologists who spend time and effort on ECRWP.  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New Approach of the Water Resource Conservation in Taiwan — an Ecological Check for Reservoir Watershed Project (ECRWP)

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New Approach of the Water Resource Conservation in Taiwan — an Ecological Check for Reservoir Watershed Project (ECRWP)

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