Viollet, Pierre-Louis

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Article, Published VersionViollet, Pierre-LouisHydro pumped storage powerplants - challenges andopportunities in EuropeHydrolinkVerfügbar unter/Available at: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11970/109151Vorgeschlagene Zitierweise/Suggested citation:Viollet, Pierre-Louis (2012): Hydro pumped storage powerplants - challenges andopportunities in Europe. In: Hydrolink 2012/2. Madrid: International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR). S. 52-53. https://iahr.oss-accelerate.aliyuncs.com/library/HydroLink/HydroLink2012_02_Europe.pdf.Standardnutzungsbedingungen/Terms of Use:Die Dokumente in HENRY stehen unter der Creative Commons Lizenz CC BY 4.0, sofern keine abweichendenNutzungsbedingungen getroffen wurden. Damit ist sowohl die kommerzielle Nutzung als auch das Teilen, dieWeiterbearbeitung und Speicherung erlaubt. Das Verwenden und das Bearbeiten stehen unter der Bedingung derNamensnennung. Im Einzelfall kann eine restriktivere Lizenz gelten; dann gelten abweichend von den obigenNutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte.Documents in HENRY are made available under the Creative Commons License CC BY 4.0, if no other license isapplicable. Under CC BY 4.0 commercial use and sharing, remixing, transforming, and building upon the materialof the work is permitted. In some cases a different, more restrictive license may apply; if applicable the terms ofthe restrictive license will be binding.with a 100 m altitude difference, were used as aPSP to store electricity from the Kembs power-plant during the off-peak hours of electricitydemand [1].As seen from these historical examples, theinitial utility of PSPs was to contribute to aresponse to the differences in the electricitydemand between peak and off-peak hours; inderegulated energy markets these differencesare reflected by variations in the price ofelectricity on the spot market. In Europe, thepresent development of intermittent renewablesources of energy, such as wind and solarenergies, is nowadays increasing drastically theneed for energy storage. According toEuropean and national energy policies, inter-mittent renewable sources of energy shouldprovide in 2020 16% of the electricity in Europe,and 26% in the case of Germany. Wind andsolar energy can only provide electricity whenthe resource is available, and not when theelectricity demand is high, typically in themorning and the evening of weekdays, and inwinter when the temperature is low (in northernPumping water up to a reservoir situated at ahigher altitude is transforming electricity intopotential energy, which can be stored duringany period of time. This potential energy can betransformed back into electricity when waterpasses through the turbines and returns to thealtitude from which it had been initially pumped.This is the principle of Pumped StoragePowerplants (PSP), which are in most casesusing two lakes or reservoirs situated at differentaltitudes. PSP is the most widely-used systemfor electricity storage, and will remain so for avery long period to come.The first PSP may have been built in 1902 inRuppoldingen in Switzerland. In 1926, in theFrench Alps, the steel company Ugine managedto use the lake of Girotte to pump water atmoments when the demand for electricity fromthe steel industry was low, and to turbine waterwhen the electricity demand was higher.  In1933, the hydro plant of Kembs on the Rheinriver was built in order to provide the city ofMulhouse with electricity. Two lakes in thevicinity of Mulhouse, Lake Blanc and Lake Noir,52 hydrolink number 2/2012HYDRO PUMPED STORAGE POWERPLANTS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN EUROPEBY PIERRE-LOUIS VIOLLET Pierre-Louis Viollet joined EDF R&Dsince 1977. In 2001 he was nominatedas Vice-President for R&DLaboratories, and since 2011 has beenacting as Vice-President for EDF R&Din charge of International developmentand Partnership.He is Chair of the Scientific Committeeof Société Hydrotechnique de Franceand is an IAHR Honorary memberpierre-louis.viollet@wanadoo.fr53hydrolink number 2/2012thanks to modulation of the power of the PSP,both in pumping and turbining mode. This ismade possible thanks to the development ofmodern variable-speed pump-turbines [2] [3] [4].The increasing need for power systems in termsof flexibility and fast variations of the power leadto use pumps and turbines in unsteady regimes,which needs advanced special manufacturingskills and R&D programs, and appears to be anarea of competitive advantage to Europeanturbine manufacturers .The overall installed capacity of PSP isestimated as 140000 MW worldwide, including46000 MW in Europe. There is today a largedevelopment of PSPs in Portugal, Switzerland,and Austria. Germany has a great need forenergy storage: there is in Germany today about6700 MW of installed capacity of PSPs.Considering German national plans for energy, itis considered [5] that the storage capacityshould be 100 times greater to face a wintersituation with low wind period of 10 days.  Amajor PSP project in Germany is Atdorf (1400MW) in the Black Forest. A part of the Germanenergy storage need could be covered byneighbouring countries like Switzerland, Austria,and possibly Norway. In Portugal [6], there is about 5300 MW of largehydropower plants in operation, including 1200MW of pumping capacity. In 2020, Portugal isexpecting to have developed 5800 MW of windenergy, supported by a PSP capacity of about3200 MW.France has already a PSP capacity of 4900 MWin the pumping mode, and 4200 MW in theturbining mode, with 6 PSPs in operation.Grand Maison, commissioned in 1985, with1160 MW in pumping mode and 1790 MW inturbining mode, is the most powerful PSP inEurope [7]. Other French PSPs are undergoingrenovation programs.Austria, Switzerland and Norway have theambition to become the « green batteries » ofEurope, thanks to their large capacities of PSPdevelopment, and regulations favourable toIAHR countries for heating), or in summer when it ishot (in southern countries for air cooling). Innorthern Europe, an anticyclonic situation inwinter with low temperatures and no wind overa large area will therefore be a difficult situation.This is why there is an increasing need forenergy storage in Europe. PSP is the cheapestsolution for energy storage, and has a globalefficiency (up to 80%) much higher than othersolutions for energy storage like batteries orcompressed air storage. A PSP can provide a“black start” to help a power system recoverafter a black-out. PSPs can also provide so-called ancilliary services to the power system,allowing real-time tuning of frequency andtension of the electricity delivered by the grid,PSPs. Switzerland [8] has 11 PSPs in operation,with an overall capacity of 1400 MW. PSPs inconstruction or under upgrading process willadd 2100 MW of new capacity, and other newprojects of PSPs could add 1600 MW more.Two major PSPs should be commissioned in2015 : Nant de Drance (620 MW) by Alpiq onEmosson lake, and Linthal (1000 MW) on thelakes of Limmern and Mutt. Norway has 11PSPs in operation, with an installed capacity of1400 MW. Taking advantage of the large naturalreservoirs existing in Norway, it is consideredfeasible to have about 20000 MW of generatingcapacity from PSPs in Norway by 2030, withnew galleries and new pumping/turbiningstations between existing lakes, combined withthe development of electrical grid interconnexion(DC lines) through the North Sea and offshorewind development in the North Sea [9].This paper has presented a short survey ofpumped-storage development in Europe, but ithas to be noted, in conclusion, that  other areasin the world having an important program ofdevelopment of wind and solar energy, likeChina, have also a very important program ofPSP development underway. 1912 - 2012: SHF celebrates its 100th Birthday!References[1] Viollet, P.-L. Histoire de l’énergie hydraulique, Presses des Ponts etChaussées, 2005[2] Avellan, F. « Storage Pumps and Reversible Pump-Turbines :technical challenges and progress », SHF Conference PumpedStorage Power Plants : Challenges and Opportunities, Lyon, Nov23-24, 2011[3] Schwery, A. “Efficient Energy Storage using modern PumpStorage Powerplants”, SHF PSP conf. [4] Gentner, C., “Latest achievements in pump-turbine development”,SHF PSP conf.[5] Heil, O., Funke, H.-C., Bruhn, J., Riedel, E., “Energy Storage :Options for more flexibility by large scale storage“,SHF PSP conf. [6] Martins, N., “The Integration of large amounts of renewable energyin the Portuguese Power System”, SHF PSP conf.[7] Ursat, X., Jacquet-Francillon, H.-J., Rafaï, I., “Feedback fromexperience on French PSP”, SHF PSP conf.[8] Stettler, A., “Pumped Storage Powerplants in Switzerland”, SHFPSP conf.[9] Harby, A., Killingtveit, A., Solvang, E., Sauterleute, A., Belsnes, M.,“Opportunity and Challenges for hydro-balancing from Norwegianreservoirs“,SHF PSP conf.The author thanks the organizers and partici-pants of the conference organized by SHF andTenerrdis in Lyon on November 23-24, 2011 onchallenges and opportunites for PSP. This papercould not have been written without the presen-tations which were delivered at the conference. 

Hydro pumped storage powerplants - challenges and opportunities in Europe

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Hydro pumped storage powerplants - challenges and opportunities in Europe

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