Project VIRTUALOpen access virtual testing protocols for enhanced road user safety\ua0using Human Body Model

Iraeus, Johan

John, Jobin

Klug, Corina

Kranjec, Matej

Leo, Christoph

Linder, Astrid

Schubert, Alexander

Svenning, Erik

Svensson, Mats

English

Chalmers Research

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 768960.www.projectvirtual.euIntroduction of the VIVA+ Vulnerable Road User ModelsCorina Klug TU Graz, AustriaJohan Iraeus Chalmers University, SwedenJobin John Chalmers University, SwedenErik Svenning DynamoreMatej Kranjec University of LjublijanaMats Svensson Chalmers University, SwedenChristoph Leo TU Graz, AustriaAlexander Schubert TU Graz, AustriaAstrid Linder VTI, SwedenEvent: Human Modeling and Simulation in Automotive EngineeringLocation: OnlineDate: 20/11/2020Human Modeling and Simulation in Automotive EngineeringProject VIRTUAL Open access virtual testing protocols for enhanced road user safetyusing Human Body Models• Demonstration of integrated VT chain for VRUs outside the vehicle, subjected to potential future impact scenarios.• Holistic assessment considering accident avoidance and injury mitigation. Virtual Assessment protocols with all tools openly availableAim of VRU assessment in VIRTUALPedestrian (50%M & 50%F)Cyclist (50%M & 50%F)Vulnerable Road Users VRURegarded VehiclesCar equipped with AEB-SystemTramway equipped with AEB-SystemPedestrian (50%M & 50%F)How are VIVA+ VRU models going to be used?Pre-crash SimulationIn-crash SimulationHolisticAssessmentValidation with physical testsValidation with physical testsVIRTUAL testing scenariosOS HBMsHolistic AssessmentTesting scenarios with underlying probabilitiesProbability of accident scenarioOverall Probability for specific injuriesProbability of accident avoidanceVIRTUAL precrash toolCost Benefit Analysis Tool VIVA+ VRU models - RequirementsRepresentative AnthropometryAnthropometryDefinition of male and female averagesMass [kg]Height [m]BMI [kg/m]Age [years]Female 62 1.62 24 50Male 77 1.75 25 50AnthropometryPopulation SurveyDummyHuman Body ModelVIVA+ VRU models - RequirementsRepresentative AnthropometryEnable Injury Risk Assessment[Leo et al., 2019a,b]VIVA+ VRU models - RequirementsRepresentative AnthropometryEnable Injury Risk Assessment[Leo et al., 2019a,b]• Fracture of lower extremities (incl. Pelvis)• Knee ligament rupture• Rib Fractures• Head Injuries Results have to be useful for cost-benefit analysis toolBiofidelityHigh level of robustnessEnhance VIVA 50F Model –Transition fromVIVA to VIVA+Development ProcessÖsth et al., 2017From VIVA to VIVA+Detailed legsDetailed rib cageDetailed pelvisDetailed cervical spine**carry over from VIVAEnhance VIVA 50F Model –Transition fromVIVA to VIVA+Morphing toother posturesDevelopment Process50F-VRUEnhance VIVA 50F Model –Transition fromVIVA to VIVA+Morphing toother posturesMorphing tootheranthropometries (50M)Development ProcessÖsth et al., 201750M50F-VRUVIVA+ HBM Development50F seated geometry50F standing geometryDerivative models through morphingVIVA+ HBM Validation load caseswork in progress...cortical thickness for head• definition of landmarks• morphing of samples• projecting thickness to targetgeometry• calculate averagematerial data for corticalbone• create average strain-stress-curvesfrom experimental data (Mirzaali et al, 2016)• calibrate material properties• validate femur modelcreate injury risk curve• strain-based risk curve formidshaft and proximal femurExample - Femur DevelopmentFemur Neck Validation15°10°rigid platePMMA padsBeams for PMMA potting + aluminum cylinderDisplacementTest setup used in Ariza et al. (2015)[4]• Individual displacement curves from Ariza et al. (2015)[4]  applied to the rigid plate• A mean displacement of the 5 female specimen with the highest T-Scores was simulated additionallyFemur Neck ValidationFemur Midshaft Validation –Quasistatic TestPelvis Validation – Static Guillemot et al., 1998 Pelvis Validation – Dynamic acetabulum loading Guillemot et al., 1998 Single Rib Validation - anterior posterior bendingKang, Y.-S., et al. (2020). Blunt Body Impacts - Thorax9.5 m/s5.2 m/sViano, 1989Blunt Body Impacts - Abdomen4.8 m/s9.4m/sViano, 1989Blunt Body Impacts – Hip Viano, 1989Viano, 19895.2 m/s9.8m/s• All validation loadcases and related auxiliaries on OpenVT platform• certification loadcases in VIRTUAL protocols • Interactive Jupyter Notebooks to visualise validation results • including quality checksVIVA+ HBM Validation casesRobustness Checks200 ms in 24 hours with 20 CPUsImpact withgeneric familycarmodel at 50km/hRobustness ChecksImpact withgeneric SUV modelat 50km/hModel DevelopmentModel validation and continuous improvement within VIRTUALVIRTUAL-Internal Evaluation in different use casesExternal Evaluation of beta - usersExternal Evaluation & ContributionsRoadmap of VIVA+Apr 2020Start: Jun 2018Sep. 2020 Sep. 2021 Apr. 2022Open Model Development and MaintenanceOpen ToolsOpen DocumentationVIVA+: Open ScienceNext stepsFurther validations & improvements• more tests with females PMHS needed!Development of virtual testing protocols• Positioning to „standard postures“• Standardised bicyclist simulations• Demonstration of continuous tool chainVIVA+ Human Body ModelsEveryone is welcome to contribute!??Outside VIRTUALOpenVT (virtual.openvt.eu)AcknowledgementThis project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 768960.https://projectvirtual.eu/The authors would like to thank Beta CAE for their support. ANSA and META were used within this study. • Ariza, O., Gilchrist, S., Widmer, R.P., Guy, P., Ferguson, S.J., Cripton, P.A. and Helgason, B. (2015), “Comparison of explicit finite element and mechanical simulation of the proximal femur during dynamic drop-tower testing”, Journal of biomechanics, Vol. 48 No. 2, pp. 224–232. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.11.042.Enns-Bray, W.S., Bahaloo, H., Fleps, I., Ariza, O., Gilchrist, S., Widmer, R., Guy, P., Pálsson, H., Ferguson, S.J., Cripton, P.A. and Helgason, B. (2018), “Material mapping strategy to improve the predicted response of the proximal femur to a sideways fall impact”, Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials, Vol. 78, pp. 196–205. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.10.033.• Guillemot, H., Got, C., Besnault, B., Lavaste, F., Robin, S., Le Coz, J.Y. and Lassau, J.P. (1998), “Pelvic behavior in side collisions: static and dynamic tests on isolated pelvic bones”, The 16th ESV Conference Proceedings, Ontario, Canada, 31.5.-4.6.1998, NHTSA.• Kang, Y.-S., et al. (2020). "Biomechanical Response Targets of Adult Human Ribs in Frontal Impacts." Annals of Biomedical Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-020-02613-x• Klug, C., Feist, F., Schneider, B., Sinz, W., Ellway, J. and van Ratingen, M. (2019), “Development of a Certification Procedure for Numerical Pedestrian Models”, The 26th ESV Conference Proceedings, Eindhoven, Netherlands, 10-13 June, NHTSA, Paper No.19-0310-O, available at: http://indexsmart.mirasmart.com/26esv/PDFfiles/26ESV-000310.pdf.Leo, C., Klug, C., Ohlin, M., Bos, N., Davidse, R. and Linder, A. (2019), “Analysis of Swedish and Dutch accident data on cyclist injuries in cyclist-car collisions”, Traffic Injury Prevention, Vol. 20 No. sup2, S160-S162. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2019.1679551.• Leo, C., Klug, C., Ohlin, M. and Linder, A. (2019), “Analysis of pedestrian injuries in pedestrian-car collisions with focus on age and gender”, 2019 IRCOBI Conference Proceedings, Florence, Italy, 11.-13.9., IRCOBI, pp. 256–257, available at: http://www.ircobi.org/wordpress/downloads/irc19/pdf-files/40.pdf.• Mirzaali, Schwiedrzik et al. 2016 – Mechanical properties of cortical bone and their relationships with age, gender, composition and microindentation properties in the elderly• Östh, J., Mendoza-Vazquez, M., Linder, A., Svensson, M.Y. and Brolin, K. (2017), “The VIVA OpenHBM Finite Element 50th Percentile Female Occupant Model: Whole Body Model Development and Kinematic Validation”, 2017 IRCOBI Conference Proceedings, Antwerp, Belgium, 13.-15.9.2017, IRCOBI, pp. 443–466, available at: http://www.ircobi.org/wordpress/downloads/irc17/pdf-files/60.pdf.• Viano, D.C. (1989), “Biomechanical Responses and Injuries in Blunt Lateral Impact”, 33rd Stapp Car Crash Conference Proceedings, 4.10.1989, SAE International.LiteratureThis project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 768960.For more information:www.projectvirtual.euContact: corina.klug@tugraz.at

Introduction of the VIVA+ Vulnerable Road User Models

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Introduction of the VIVA+ Vulnerable Road User Models

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