Flaxseed oil, extracted from ripened flaxseeds, is functional food source that is associated with health benefits in many diseases, including cardiovascular,
cancer, osteoporosis, etc. Besides saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids, it also contains easily oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 family. In current study, we tested the effects of commercial flaxseed oil in rat liver by measuring parameters related to free radical challenge (pro/antioxidant balance (PAB), lipid peroxidation (LPO) products and glutathione (GSH) level). Overall, applied treatment maintains general prooxidant load and antioxidant capacity since the level of PAB was unchanged. However, it exerts significant modulatory effect on particular redox parameters by increasing the amount of LPO products and consequently the susceptibility of tissue to free radical oxidative damage, which challenges the antioxidant defence system that
in return elevates GSH concentration

Drakulić, D.

Filipović Tričković, J.

Guševac Stojanović, I.

Martinović, J.

Miletić Vukajlović, J.

Pavlović, I.

Pejić, S.

Stojanović, Zoran

Todorović, A.

Valenta Šobot, A.

Veljković, F.

Drakulić, Dunja

Serbian Academy of Science and Arts Digital Archive (DAIS)

   7th Workshop  SPECIFIC METHODS FOR  FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY  September 22nd 2021, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia  PROCEEDINGS SPECIFIC METHODS FOR FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY  7th WORKSHOP: SPECIFIC METHODS FOR FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY September 22nd, 2021, Belgrade, Serbia is an online satellite event of  PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2021 15th International Conference on Fundamental  and Applied Aspects of Physical Chemistry Organized by VINČA INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR SCIENCES-NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA Vinča – Belgrade, Serbia  in co-operation with THE SOCIETY OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTS OF SERBIA   Held under the auspices of the MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT          Organizing Committee  Chairman Branislav Nastasijević (Serbia)  Members Milovan Stoiljković (Serbia) Sandra Petrović (Serbia) Andreja Leskovac (Serbia) Tamara Lazarević-Pašti (Serbia) Neda Đorđević (Serbia) Vojislav Stanić (Serbia)   International Scientific Committee  Chairman Mirjana Čolović (Serbia)  Members Pierre-Michel Adam (France) Giovanna Marazza (Italy) Cecilia Cristea (Romania) Goran Gajski (Croatia) Klemen Bohinc (Slovenia) Polonca Trebše (Slovenia) Evgeniya Sheremet (Russia) Andreja Leskovac (Serbia) Sandra Petrović (Serbia) Aleksandra Bondžić (Serbia) Ana Vujačić Nikezić (Serbia) PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2021  15th International Conference on Fundamental  and Applied Aspects of Physical Chemistry          7th Workshop  SPECIFIC METHODS FOR  FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY  September 22nd, 2021, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia  PROCEEDINGS               BELGRADE, SERBIA 2021 7th WORKSHOP: SPECIFIC METHODS FOR FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY  PROCEEDINGS   Publisher VINČA INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR SCIENCES- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA Vinča - Belgrade, Serbia   Editors Dr Mirjana Čolović  Dr Sandra Petrović   Reviewers Dr Mirjana Čolović Dr Sandra Petrović Dr Andreja Leskovac Dr Tamara Lazarević-Pašti Dr Neda Đorđević Dr Aleksandra Bondžić Dr Ana Vujačić Nikezić  Design Dr Andreja Leskovac  Printed by Apollo Plus d.o.o., Beograd  Print run 30 copies  ISBN 978-86-7306-163-4   BELGRADE, SERBIA 2021 CONTENTS SESSION A:  SPECIFIC METHODS IN FOOD QUALITY CONTROL PL A1 ELECTROANALYTICAL METHODS FOR FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY CONTROL ASSESSMENT C. Cristea, O. Hosu, B. Feier and M. Tertis 1 IL A1 PRECISE TESTING OF PESTICIDES IN FOOD USING THE SCIEX TRIPLE QUADTM 7500 LC-MS/MS SYSTEM- QTRAP® READY- HIGHLY SENSITIVE ANALYSIS OF MULTI-COMPOUND PANELS IN VARIOUS MATRICES FOR FOOD REGULATIONS  D. McMillan, J. Stahl-Zeng, I. Moore, T. Biesenthal, J. Steed and W. Broer 6 IL A2 DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL ANALYTICAL PLATFORMS FOR THE RAPID, POINT-OF-USE QUANTIFICATION OF MULTIPLE CONTAMINANTS IN FOOD SAMPLES G. Selvolini and G. Marrazza 10 IL A3 APPLICATION OF GCE AND FTIR METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF GLIADINS FROM WHEAT FLOUR  V. Gojković Cvjetković, Ž. Marjanović-Balaban, D. Rajić and D. Vujadinović 16 OP A1 ANALYSIS OF SPICE PAPRIKA POWDERS FROM SERBIAN MARKET V. Vasić, M. Radenković, M. Pavlović, J. Petrović, K. Nikolić,  M. Momčilović and S. Živković 24 P A1 VISUAL DETECTION OF QUERCETIN USING GOLD NANOPARTICLES M. Nemoda, M. Pavlović, M. Stoiljković and T. Momić 28 P A2 ALUMINA-MODIFIED CARBON PASTE ELECTRODE FOR DETERMINATION OF TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT IN WINE T. Novaković, M. Pagnacco, P. Banković and Z. Mojović   32 P A3 REVERSED-PHASE ULTA HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY ANALYSIS OF TRIAZINE PESTICIDES WITH ACYCLIC AND CYCLIC SUBSTITUENTS B. Salaković, S. Kovačević, M. Karadžić Banjac, J. Anojčić, L. Jevrić, S. Podunavac-Kuzmanović, S. Gadžurić and D. Antonović 36 P A4 POLAROGRAPHY IN DETERMINATION OF RED WINE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY  S. Pejić, N. Đorđević, S. Gorjanović, F. Pastor, N. Todorović Vukotić, V. Tešević and S. B. Pajović 40 SESSION B:  FOOD SAFETY IL B1 TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE OF MARINE TOXIN DOMOIC ACID IN HUMAN BLOOD CELLS G. Gajski, M. Gerić, A-M. Domijan and B. Žegura 44 IL B2 BACTERIAL ADHESION RATE ON FOOD CONTACT SURFACES K. Bohinc 51 IL B3 CHITOSAN-COATINGS IN EXTENDING SHELF-LIFE OF APPLES N. Mavrič, K. Bohinc, R. Vidrih, K. Godič Torkar and M. Bavcon Kralj 54 IL B4 IMPACT OF GAMMA IRRADIATION ON AFLATOXIN B1 AND OCHRATOXIN A TOXICITY A.-M. Domijan, B. Mihaljević, K. Markov, J. Pleadin and           A.M. Marjanović Čermak 61 IL B5 TOXIC METALS CONTENT IN MUSCLE TISSUE OF COMMON CARP FROM LOCATIONS NEAR BELGRADE D. Jovanović, R. Marković, D. Šefer, M. Krstić, V. Stanić, D. Perić and M. Ž. Baltić 69 P B1 BIOWASTE-BASED CARBON MATERIAL FOR MALATHION REMOVAL FROM WATER A. Jocić, S. Brković and T. Lazarević-Pašti 75 P B2 VISCOSE-BASED ACTIVATED CARBON MATERIAL FOR CHLORPYRIFOS REMEDIATION V.Milanković , S. Breitenbach , C. Unterweger, C. Fürst and T. Lazarević-Pašti 79 P B3 ECO-FRIENDLY ACTIVATED CARBON AS AN ADSORBENT FOR DIMETHOATE REMOVAL FROM WATER V. Anićijević, S. Breitenbach, C. Unterweger, C. Fürst and T. Lazarević-Pašti 83 P B4 ANTIRADICAL ACTIVITY OF GRAPE  SKIN EXTRACTS - THE EPR STUDY  Đ. Nakarada, M. Stojanović, Z. Dajić-Stevanović and M. Mojović 87 P B5 DETERMINING OF INDIGO CARMINE (E132) IN CANDY  J. Senćanski, J. Maksimović, S. Blagojević and M. Pagnacco 91 P B6 CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF RED WINE ON HCT 116 AND PANC-1 CELL LINES J. Žakula, N. Đorđević, N. Todorović Vukotić, L. Korićanac, V. Kovačević and S.B. Pajović 95 P B7 GROSS ALPHA AND GROSS BETA ACTIVITY AND OSCILLATORY RESPONSE OF  Sardina pilchardus FISH SPECIES FROM ADRIATIC SEA  M. Janković, J. Maksimović, B. Janković, N. Bošković, M. Rajačić and D. Šuković 99 P B8 THE COMPARISON OF HEAVY METAL CONTENT OF Sardina pilchardus SPECIES COLLECTED FROM BAY AND OPEN ADRIATIC SEA  A. Pesić, D. Joksimović, M. Janković, N. Sarap, J. Maksimović and M. Pagnacco 103 P B9 CYTOTOXICITY AND GENOTOXICITY OF Juniperus communis ESSENTIAL OIL AND POST-DISTILLATION WASTE  B. Vasilijević, S. Cvetković, S. Đukanović, D. Mitić-Ćulafić, M. Jovanović and B. Nikolić 107 P B10 ASSESSMENT OF CADMIUM MOBILITY IN BIOAPATITE AMENDED SOIL: LEACHING TESTS AND AVAILABILITY TO THE TOBACCO PLANT M. Jović, J. Marković, M. Šljivić-Ivanović and I. Smičiklas 111 P B11 EFFECTS OF CHRONIC ORAL D-GALACTOSE TREATMENT ON GENERAL HEALTH STATUS IN MALE WISTAR RATS J. Martinović, I. Guševac Stojanović, M. Zarić, A. Todorović, F. Veljković, S. Pejić, Z. Stojanović, N. Mitrović, I. Grković and D. Drakulić 115 P B12 A SINGLE DOSE OF MICROPLASTIC PARTICLES INDUCES CHANGES IN ORGAN WEIGHT OF MALE WISTAR RATS Z. Stojanović, A. Todorović, J. Martinović, N. Filipović, F. Veljković and I. Guševac Stojanović 119 P B13 YELLOW GENTIAN ROOT EXTRACT AND ITS MONOTERPENE COMPOUNDS EXHIBIT ANTICANCER POTENTIAL A. Valenta Šobot, D. Drakulić, J. Savić, G. Joksić and J. Filipović Tričković 123 P B14 GENOTOXICITY TESTING OF ACACIA HONEYS OF DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGIN  S. Petrović, A. Bondžić, B. Nastasijević and A. Leskovac 127 P B15 CYTOGENOTOXICITY OF DEOXYNIVALENOL AND ZEARALENONE A.-M. Domijan, K. Hercog, M. Filipič, M. Sokolović, M. Gerić, G. Gajski and B. Žegura  131 P B16 IN VITRO EVALUATION OF CHLORPYRIFOS CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS M. Čolović, A. Leskovac, A. Vujačić Nikezić and D. Krstić 135 P B17 EFFECT OF CHLORPYRIFOS-OXON ON MEMBRANE DAMAGE AND CELL VIABILITY  D. Krstić, S. Petrović, A. Vujačić Nikezić and  M. Čolović 139 P B18 INFLUENCE OF CAVITATION EFFECT ON STABILITY OF AFLATOXIN IN MILK V. Stanić, B.K. Adnadjević, S. Stefanović, S. Tanasković, B. Nastasijević, D. Jovanović and V. Živković 143 P B19 ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF Gentiana lutea EXTRACTS B. Nastasijević, M. Milutinović, V. Stanić and S. Dimitrijević- Branković 147   SESSION C:  FUNCTIONAL FOOD IL C1 BIOACCESSIBILITY OF OLIVE-DERIVED NUTRACEUTICALS DETERMINED BY NOVEL STANDARDIZED PROTOCOLS K. Radić 151 OP C1 THE ROLE OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN PRODUCTION OF NUTRIENT DENSE FOOD  V. Dragičević, M. Stoiljković, M. Simić, M. Brankov, M. Šenk, M. Dodevska and M. Tolimir 157 OP C2 PHENOLIC PROFILE OF PLUM WINES AND THEIR ACTIVITY IN THE PROTECTION AGAINST FREE RADICALS U. Čakar, N. Lisov, I. Plavšić, A. Petrović, D. Krstić, I. Stanković and B. Đorđević 164 P C1 ANTIMICROBIAL AND PRO-METABOLIC PROPERTIES OF Salvia officinalis AQUEOUS EXTRACT J. Filipović Tričković, B. Ćetenović, G. Joksić, Đ. Katnić, A. Krstić and A. Valenta Šobot 168 P C2 APPLICATION OF TOMATO (S. lycopersicum) WASTE PECTINS IN BIOGENIC SYNTHESIS OF SELENIUM NANOPARTICLES N. Golub, K. Radić, D. Anić, E. Galić, T. Vinković, M. Dutour Sikirić and D. Vitali Čepo 172 P C3 ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS-ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF Alchemilla vulgaris AND Frangula alnus COMBINED WITH STREPTOMYCIN S. Đukanović, S. Cvetković, T. Ganić, B. Nikolić, N. Tomić, D. Kekić and D. Mitić-Ćulafić 176 P C4 MODULATION OF REDOX PARAMETERS IN RAT LIVER INDUCED BY FLAXSEED OIL A. Todorović, I. Pavlović, S. Pejić, J. Miletić Vukajlović, F. Veljković, J. Filipović Tričković, A. Valenta Šobot, J. Martinović, I. Guševac Stojanović, Z. Stojanović and D. Drakulić 180 P C5 COMPARISON OF EXTRACTION KINETICS OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS DURING SPONTANEOUS AND INOCULATED FERMENTATION CV. CABERNET SAUVIGNON  N. Lisov, I. Plavšić, U. Čakar, A. Petrović and Lj. Gojković-Bukarica 184 P C6 ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF RED WINE   N. Đorđević, I. Novaković, N. Todorović Vukotić, V. Tešević and S. B. Pajović 188 P C7 N-ACETYLCYSTEINE AS REGULATOR OF THE CELLULAR HOMEOSTASIS A. Leskovac, M. Čolović, A. Bondžić and S. Petrović  192 180 P C4 MODULATION OF REDOX PARAMETERS IN RAT LIVER INDUCED BY FLAXSEED OIL  A. Todorović1, I. Pavlović1, S. Pejić1, J. Miletić Vukajlović1, F. Veljković2, J. Filipović Tričković1 A. Valenta Šobot1, J. Martinović1, I. Guševac Stojanović1, Z. Stojanović2, and D. Drakulić1  1Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O.Box 522, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia (anato@vin.bg.ac.rs) 2Institute of Technical Sciences of SASA, Knez Mihailova Street 35/4, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia  ABSTRACT Flaxseed oil, extracted from ripened flaxseeds, is functional food source that is associated with health benefits in many diseases, including cardiovascular, cancer, osteoporosis, etc. Besides saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids, it also contains easily oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 family. In current study, we tested the effects of commercial flaxseed oil in rat liver by measuring parameters related to free radical challenge (pro/antioxidant balance (PAB), lipid peroxidation (LPO) products and glutathione (GSH) level). Overall, applied treatment maintains general prooxidant load and antioxidant capacity since the level of PAB was unchanged. However, it exerts significant modulatory effect on particular redox parameters by increasing the amount of LPO products and consequently the susceptibility of tissue to free radical oxidative damage, which challenges the antioxidant defence system that in return elevates GSH concentration.  INTRODUCTION Flax plant (Linum usitatissimum L.) is cultivated for its seeds and fibers since antiquity for variety of purposes, including health and industrial uses. In the food markets, flaxseed products are available in various edible forms, such as whole flaxseeds, milled/powdered flaxseeds, roasted flaxseeds and flaxseed oil (FO). FO, cold pressed to extract from dried, ripened flaxseeds, comprises about 9 % of saturated fatty acids (palmitic and stearic acid), 18 % of monounsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid), and 73 % polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (linoleic and α-linolenic acid). Although having naturally high levels of antioxidants like tocopherols and beta-carotene, due to elevated content of PUFAs, FO is highly prone to free radical oxidative reactions [1]. 181 Free radicals are created by various endogenous systems in different physiochemical conditions as well as pathological states. For proper physiological function, it is necessary to maintain a balance between free radicals generation and their removal by the antioxidant system, including its nonenzymatic component, glutathione (GSH). Inadequately removed, free radicals can cause excessive oxidation of structural and functional biomolecules (lipids, proteins and DNA) and provoke oxidative stress, a condition responsible for triggering a number of diseases [2]. In recent years, literature highlights the role of functional foods, including flaxseeds and FO, in sustaining the balance between pro- and antioxidants [1]. FO consumption is associated with health benefits by bringing mental and physical endurance, fighting fatigue and controlling aging process. It also showed positive outcome in many diseases, including cardiovascular, cancers, etc [1]. In the present study livers of healthy adult male rats were used to test the potential alterations of several redox parameters (pro/antioxidant balance (PAB), lipid peroxidation (LPO) products, and GSH level) induced by chronic FO treatment.  EXPERIMENTAL According to authorized protocol (number 02/11) on the first day of the experiment, seven weeks old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups with 4 per group/cage. Intact animals used as controls were assigned to the group I, while rats from the group II were intragastrically intubated with commercial flaxseed oil, at a dose of 1 mg/kg three times per week for 4 weeks (FO group). The treatment was applied by reusable stainless steel feeding needle, 16-G4”, 3 mm ball diameter (Cadence Inc., USA). Body mass/mass gain of rats was monitored weekly. All animals were decapitated with guillotine (Harvard Apparatus, Holliston, MA, USA) and livers were dissected and frozen till processing. All analyses were performed as previously described [4, 5]. Statistical analysis was performed by t-test, using GraphPad Prism 5 Software (USA). The significance level was p < 0.05, with values expressed as a percentage of the mean of the values in control group ± SEM (standard error of the mean).  182 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION There was no significant difference in initial body weight between control and FO group and such trend was maintained throughout the whole experiment (Figure 1A). Moreover, our results demonstrate that rats from both groups exhibited steady increase in the weekly body mass gain (Figure 1A). This is in an agreement with several studies in humans that reported no effect of PUFAs, specifically α-linolenic, on weight management [5]. baseline        1w 2w 3w 4wcontrol  group FO  groupA                                                                                      Bcontrol  group                     FO  groupcontrol  group                     FO  group***C Dcontrol  group                     FO  group*** Figure 1. Effect of chronic flaxseed oil treatment (FO) on body mass (A) and levels of redox markers (pro/antioxidant balance (PAB) (B), products of lipid peroxidation (LPO products) (C) and glutathione (GSH) (D)) in liver. Data are presented as % of control ± SEM. ***p < 0.001.  Although chronic FO treatment did not change the level of PAB (Figure 1 (B, C, D)), it provoked the increase of LPO products concentration that is, most likely, responsible for the GSH elevation. Previous studies point that oils of different origin, including FO, having high amounts of PUFAs of the n-3 family, are predisposed to be oxidized by free radicals [1, 6] and, consequently, to further induce oxidation of other biomolecules. Indeed, presented results of the LPO products level might be associated with the findings of others who reported that enhanced level of LPO product, malondialdehyde, and lipid peroxidation rate promote an oxidative challenge in liver and serum of rats fed with polyunsaturated-n-3-lipids-rich diet [6]. In parallel, FO treatment altered the concentration of GSH, whose upregulation seems to be protective against the free radicals produced during the metabolism of lipids and modified lipoproteins. GSH is also an important redox and cell signaling regulator 183 capable to alter the function of signal transduction and transcription factor molecules, affecting intermediary metabolism, survival and pathogenesis [7].  CONCLUSION According to presented data, chronic FO treatment in liver of healthy adult male rats maintains the balance of pro- and antioxidants although it challenges the nonenzymatic component of antioxidant defense system with the increased generation of LPO products. Despite the fact that our findings indicate that applied treatment is relatively safe with no negative outcome on general health of the animals, additional testing is required to confirm obtained results in animals of different age/gender/health status and even higher level species.  Acknowledgement Supported by MPNTR of the Republic of Serbia (grant no 451-03-9/2021-14/200017).  REFERENCES [1] A. Goyal, V. Sharma, N. Upadhyay, S. Gill, M. Sihag, J. Food Sci. Technol., 2014, 51, 1633–53. [2] V. Lobo, A. Patil, A. Phatak, N. Chandra, Pharmacogn. Rev., 2010, 4, 118–126. [3] S. Đurašević, G. Nikolić, A. Todorović, D. Drakulić, S. Pejić, V. Martinović, D. Mitić-Ćulafić, D. Milić, T.J. Kop, N. Jasnić, J. Đorđević, Z. Todorović, Food Chem. Toxicol., 2020, 140, 111302–2020. [4] J. Miletić Vukajlović, S. Pejić, A. Todorović, A. Valenta Šobot, D. Drakulić, I. Pavlović, A. Stefanović, M. Prostran, T.V. Ilić, M. Stojanov, Vojnosanit. pregl., 2019, 00, 148. [5] M. Mohammadi-Sartang, Z. Mazloom, H. Raeisi-Dehkordi, R. Barati-Boldaji, N. Bellissimo, J. O. Totosy de Zepetnek, Obes. Rev., 2017, 18, 1096–1107. [6] M. D’aquino, P. Corcos Benedetti, M. Di Felice, V. Gentili, G. Tomassi, M. Maiorino, F. Ursini, Free Radic Res. Commun., 1991, 12:1, 147–152. [7] L. Yuan, N. Kaplowitz, Mol. Aspects Med., 2009, 30, 29–41. 

Modulation of redox parameters in rat liver induced by flaxseed oil

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Modulation of redox parameters in rat liver induced by flaxseed oil

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