La inconvencionalidad de la evaluación del impacto social en México

Abstract

A la luz de la herramienta de la convencionalidad, se analiza la obligación del Estado mexicano de adecuar su normativa a los presupuestos del sistema internacional de los derechos humanos, integrado por diversos instrumentos jurídicamente vinculantes que sientan las bases para la garantía de los derechos a la participación y a la justicia, los cuales se encuentran limitados en la figura de evaluación de impacto social, recientemente incorporada al ámbito jurídico nacional respecto de proyectos en materia de energía; pero que pone en riesgo el derecho de los pueblos indígenas a la consulta libre, previa e informada; omite hacer alusión al reparto equitativo de beneficios y hace patente la legalización de los mecanismos para asegurar beneficios de carácter privado a costa de los de orden colectivo.In the light of the tool of conventionality, we analyzed the obligation of the Mexican State to adapt its regulations to the presuppositions of the international human rights system, composed of various legally binding instruments that lay the foundations for the guarantee of the rights to participation and justice, which are recognized in the figure of social impact assessment, recently incorporated into the national legal sphere with respect to energy projects. However, the manner in which the evaluation process is carried out undermines the human rights of persons likely to be affected by the development of this sector, including those in some condition of vulnerability, such as indigenous peoples and communities, since is not guaranteed their right to grant their consent free, prior and informed, and there is no equitable distribution of benefits; instead, mechanisms to ensure benefits of a private nature, wrongly called public interest, are legalized at the expense of guaranteeing the human rights of those who may be affected by the implementation of such projects