Vora, Shamaa

English

Arcadia University

A COMPARATIVE POLICY ANALYSIS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM AND INDIA REGARDING THE REUSE OF MEDICAL DEVICESShamaa Vora, MPH (c), MMS (c)Heather F. de Vries McClintock, PhD, MSPH, MSWA comparative policy analysis was conducted using theIntegrated Acceptance and Sustainability AssessmentModel (IASAM) to explore differences between existingpolicies regarding reusable medical device in India and theUK. International precedents were applied to developprojections estimating the environmental and financialimpact of implementing a sustainable approach in India.METHODS1. How do policies influencing reuse of medical devices in India and the UK differ? 2. How does the environmental impact and expenditures related to reuse of medical devices differ between India and the UK?3. How would implementation of a more sustainable approach to medical devices impact the environment and expenditures in India? 4. What recommendations can be made to inform policy makers regarding reusable medical devices in India?RESEARCH QUESTIONSThe purpose of this study is to compare the policies of theUnited Kingdom (UK) and India regarding reusable medicaldevices and explore the environmental and financial outcomesof implementing a more sustainable approach to medicaldevices in India.PURPOSESustainability in the healthcare industry has becomeparamount as technology advances and the financial,environmental, and social benefits become more well known.In 1993, the Medical Device Directive (MDD) was developed,which allowed safe reuse and reprocessing of single-usemedical devices, by creating standards and regulations fordevice manufacturers. However, this type of policy does notexist worldwide. India lacks policy and regulation over safereuse and reprocessing of medical devices.BACKGROUNDTwo components of the Integrated Acceptance andSustainability Assessment Model (IASAM) were applied(acceptance and management) to evaluate policiesregarding reusable medical devices in India and theUnited Kingdom.Figure 1: Adapted IASAM Framework for the Comparison of Sustainability Between Policies1THEORETICAL MODEL RESULTSRECOMMENDATIONS• Adapt MDD and other global policies existing regarding medical devicereprocessing• Integrate labeling system of MDD and standard process forremanufacturers to follow when reprocessing• Allow hospitals to be accountable for reprocessing• Create organization or committee for each hospital to overseeprocesses• Create standardized lowered prices for reprocessed devices• Increase government spending to mimic the UK healthcare system andincrease per capita expenditure• Insurance coverage over reprocessed medical deviceREFERENCES1. Aizstrauta, D. Ginters, E., & Eroles, M.A. (2015). Applying theory of diffusion of innovations to evaluate technology acceptance and sustainability. Procedia Computer Science, 43, 69- 772%66%31% 1%India Healthcare Expenditures7%10%83%0%UK Healthcare ExpendituresRESULTS• The UK and India were found to have similar healthcare system components (government role, insurance opportunities and coverage) based on allrelevant dimensions of the framework.• The major difference was that the UK regulates policies at the governmental level, while India regulates the reprocessing at the hospital level.• India was found to have a greater healthcare expenditure compared to the UK, but the expenditures per capita were much lower for India.• India has increased in their CO2 emissions from manufacturing, the indicator used to measure environmental impact, while the UK had reduced theiremissions since 1993, the implementation of the MDD.UK IndiaPolitical, Legislative SupportLevels of governance One governing authority: Parliament Levels of governance: National, State, District & BlockAgencies devoted to policy regulation and enforcementMany separate agencies dedicated to policy enforcementOne agency devoted to regulation of medical devicesResources & Product QualityOne agency in charge of product qualityLabeling system for approved reprocessed devicesRelative AdvantagesLegislation in place allowing control over reprocessing Restriction over packaging and manufacturing waste Economical SituationEffect on jobs Employment increase between 11-23%Predicted: Increase by 20%Device Pricing 50% cheaper Predicted: 60-70% less ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThank you Dr. McClintock & Lindsay McGann for providing an overwhelmingamount of resources and support. Special thanks to Amit Vora for helping inspirethis project.Comparisons of the UK and India based on the components of the IASAM Framework239.3323.3050100150200250300350UK IndiaTotal Health Expenditures (in Billions)397785873050001000015000200002500030000350004000045000UK IndiaExpenditures per CapitaPROPOSED IMPACT• Increase in generation of jobs by 20%• 60-70% reduction in device prices resulting in 382 crore turnover ($61.12 million cost savings) for India• 20% reduction in waste generated • 10% reduction in CO2 emissions

A Comparative Policy Analysis of the United Kingdom and India Regarding the Reuse of Medical Devices.

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A Comparative Policy Analysis of the United Kingdom and India Regarding the Reuse of Medical Devices.

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