We investigate the complementary roles of corporate governance; property, plant, and equipment (PPE) volatility; and intangible asset volatility in improving the returns from R&D volatility. With increasing R&D volatility, corporate governance can help align divergent goals and heterogeneous resources both internally and externally. PPE volatility or intangible asset volatility could help synchronize asset turnover with R&D volatility. The findings show that corporate governance and PPE volatility complement R&D volatility in improving a firm's performance.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
