Dhuguma, G.

Ebro, A.

Gebremedhin, Berhanu

Gizaw, Solomon

Hoekstra, Dirk

Mekasha, Yoseph

Mekuriaw, Z.

Tegegne, Azage

Tesfay, Y.

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LIVES poultry value chain development interventions: Approaches and scalable interventionsAbule Ebro, Yoseph Mekasha, Solomon Gizaw, Yayneshet Tesfay, Zeleke Mekuriaw, Gemeda Dhuguma, Berhanu Gebremedhin, Dirk Hoekstra and Azage TegegneWorkshop and Exhibition on Promoting Productivity and Market Access Technologies and Approaches to Improve Farm Income and Livelihoods in Ethiopia: Lessons from Action Research Projects, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 8-9 December 2016PRESENTATION OUTLINE1. Ration formulation using locally available feed resources Problems/issues Context of the intervention Approach or technology Implementation process Results (outputs, outcomes, impact) Key lessons learnt and challenges Implications for scaling outPRESENTATION…2. Introduction of commercial formulated ration3. Alfalfa-based poultry feeding4. Debeaking5. Small scale day-old-chick supply system6. Improved housing and bio-security measures7. Linkages to inputs/services and marketsIssues/ProblemsMany developing countries including Ethiopia (GTP II plan of Ethiopian, 2015-2020) Increase in poultry meat & egg production (e.g., Ethiopia: 5% to 30% by2030; chicken meat to 164,000 tonnes & eggs to 3.9 billion year 2020) Increase in human population, increased income and urbanization Low emitters of green- house gases (Climate Resilient Green Economy) Reducing poverty & malnutrition: rural & urban poor (women & youth) Low current poultry productivity, scavenging & unbalanced local food grains1. Ration formulation using locally available feed resources Different scenarios (formulated commercial feeds = Lack of access,high cost feed, availability, transport cost, quality, 70% of total costof poultry Ration formulation using locally available feed resources LIVES worked with partners and value chain actors across (VCtechnological and organizations interventions to CD, KM, promotion,and action research.1. Ration formulation using locally available feed resourcesContext of interventionZone/district Bio-physical condition Agricultural condition Socio-economicWest Gojam/ Bahir Dar Zuriadistrict76% between 1500-2500 masl.Area= 13,280 km2; swampy land = 33.20%;Mixed crop livestock Maize, Tef; Maize, Chicken = 2,857716HP = 2.63 millionNorth GondarNorth to south, Predominantly characterized as ‘Moist WeinaDega’; Area= 45,934.090 km2Crop-livestock mixed farming; LS = 24%; Sorghum, Maize, Tef; Chicken = 5,588, 277HP= 2,929,628East Shoa rift valley lakes, semi-arid;  8370. 90 Km2Mixed crop livestock, vegetable, Chicken= 1.2 milHP= 1.6 millionMarket accessThe interventionsActivity 1. Replacement of soybean meal with fish meal (Dugda, east Shoa zone) (MSc thesis  KEDIR ABDURAHMAN)Activity 2. Ration formulation & balanced feed (businesses district towns) (Bahir Dar Zuria)Implementation process or approach• Feed problems identified & solutions proposed stakeholder platforms• Skill trainings, computerized feed formulation • study tours, linkages created, coached &mentored• Action research on ration formulation• (participating farmers & feed formulators)Activity 1• Dual purpose growing chicken (Koekoek breed) (Dugda) (120 chickens)• Coarse feed ingredients ground & mixed using feed chopperActivity 2o Skill training to farmers  (West Gojam and North Gondar)o Practical sessionso Computerized  SWIngredients R1 (ALEMA commercial feed)R2 (Home formulated)R3 (Home formulated)R4 (Home formulated)Maize 51.6 52 52 52Soybean meal 15 10 5 0Wheat bran 16 26 26 26Fish meal 5 10 15 20Lime stone 1 1 1 1Nouge cake 10 - - -Methionine 0.1 - - -Premix 1 - - -Salt 0.3 1 1 1Total (%) 100 100 100 100Energy content 3225.89 3226.8 3193.5 3160.1Protein content 19.87 19.80 21.43 22.97Table 1. Feed ingredients (%)Ingredients percentageMaize 40-50Noug cake 15 (maximum)Soya bean 12 (Maximum)Soya bean cake 15 (maximum) (as a substitute of soya bean when available)Wheat bran 5-10Wheat melding (Furshkilo) 15Bone meal 2-4Fish meal 4.2(maximum)Limestone 1-2Salt 1.5General premix 2Feed ingredientsResults: Outputs, outcomes, impact0102030405060Commercial ration Home-formulatedration 1Home-formulatedration 2Home-formulatedration 3Daily weight gain (g/chick) Feed conversion (g feed/g gain)Profit (Birr /chicken)Fig. Performances of chicks supplemented with commercial and HF rations and profitabilityof the rations.o Five extension staff (4 M & 1 F)o 10 poultry producers (2 F & 8 M) (peri-urban and rural areas)o Visited, application, future directionCommodity Locally formulated feed supplyResults/Evidenceso Most  trainees started formulating feed (own use)o 1 BahirDar Zuria and 2 N. Gondar model PF suppliers o Bahir Dar provides FM to GOs & NGOs, balanced rationo Avail at reasonable cost (600 ETB vs 1100 ETB), 36.4 % o Initiated farmers and urban dwellers o Job opportunity (hired, feed retailing activities) Key lessons learnt and challenges• Use of fish meal and fish meal processing• Regulatory mechanism• CreditImplications for scaling outo local raw materials availableo reduces cost and improves productiono no any negative side effect on the environmento Similar training & coaching for otherso New fish meal processing plant at Alem Tena (Bote)Intervention 2: Introduction of commercial formulated rationBackground/problem definition• Lack of awareness among semi-commercial poultry keepers who would afford to use commercial feeds• Use of standard rations for DOCs, layers and broilers in semi-commercial small-medium scale poultry producers.Context of intervention:Oromia and TigrayDescription of the intervention1. The interventions: Introducing commercial rations (classes): Targets semi-commercial small to medium scale peri-urban/urban farms2. The approach:• Awareness creation (tours to modern farms); training• linked to commercial feed shops in district towns or existing feed suppliers.• Action research (Oromia and Tigray)• 40 women (3 PAs in Jimma), 5 Bovan brown pullets, 100 gm/head/day, 30 daysLocation (PA)Supplementary feedingNumber of hensEgg production in one month (% of hens laying)30 eggs 20-25 eggs < 20 eggsKitimble Supplemented 60 70.0% 15.0% 15.0%Not-supplemented 43 0.0% 23.3% 76.7%Gello Supplemented 60 50.0% 36.7% 13.3%Not-supplemented 57 0.0% 10.5% 89.5%Bulbul Supplemented 55 23.6% 49.1% 27.3%Not-supplemented 46 0.0% 8.7% 91.3%Overall Supplemented 175 48.6% 33.1% 18.5%Not-supplemented 146 0.0% 13.7% 85.8%Table . Egg production performance of chickens supplemented or  not-supplemented with commercial layer ration in intervention PAs in OromiaMortalitySupplemented ones (death occurred after supplemental feed run ourNon-supplemented Death before layingPredatorsFig. 2: Egg production trends in smallholder poultry farms Central Tigray (50) Key lessons learnt and challenges• Role they play• CostImplications for scaling outPreferably around urban/peri-urbanIncrease in agents/dealersPriceIntervention 3: Alfalfa-based poultry feedingBackground/problem definition• Free ranging chicken indoor rearing (cage/litter)• Dependence on concentrate diets and confinement of birds• Eggs produced lack deep yellow yolk color.• Ethiopian consumers prefer deep yellow yolk color to eggs (light yellow yolk)• Introduced alfalfa production in the backyard to support poultry farmingWest Gojam and north GondarDescription of the intervention • Backyards of selected smallholder chicken producers• Priority (layers), Cannibalism (pullets and broilers)• Green leafy alfalfa (different places in chicken house)Implementation process or approach• Problem identification (stakeholder platforms)• Skill trainings, selection of farmers• Introduction, technical supportResults/Evidences• Significant changes (Reducing cannibalism, mortality and  improving egg production and coloration)• Prior to the intervention (egg consumers were not willingto buy eggs from improved chicken)• Big price difference• Change of attitude: Bahir Dar and GondarKey lessonslearnt andchallenges• Importance of alfalfa and simple technology• High price, quality of seed market is not known,Implications for scaling outo Everywhere regardless of production system and geographical locationo Availability of a plot of lando No negative environmental effect (soil fertility andreduce soil erosion)o Certification of the quality of alfalfa seedo Adequate amount of alfalfa and at affordable price 4. Intervention title: Debeaking serviceBackground/Problem definition• Indoors poultry rearing (Cannibalism)• Debeaking (trimming chick’s beak)• Manual and electrically operated• Service provision rare  • Most farmers (Not aware about service)• LIVES identified few private debeaking service providers (Bahir Dar town) and linked poultry farmers (North Gondar & West Gojjam)Description of the intervention • Dual purposes (creating job opportunities for individuals or groups; improving production and productivity of poultry farm)• Individual/group businesses • LIVES created linkageImplementation process or approach• Problem identification (stakeholder platforms)• Identification, linkage• Technical supportResults/Evidences• Smallholder poultry farmers reflected (affordable, significantly minimizes chicken cannibalism)• Reduces wastage of feed (minimizing selective feeding)• Minimizes incidence of egg breakage• Kassahun debeaked 20,000 chickens last year/1.50Birr/chicken (>500 chicken), and 2.00 Birr/chicken (<500)• Andargie, 4000 birds past five month’s period (1.50 Birr/bird)Key lessonslearnt andchallenges• Improvement in poultry production, employment• Service can be given to all smallholder poultry producersregardless (geographical location, and production system)• High cost of machine (6000 ETB)• Technology may not be appropriate for scavenging chickenImplications for scaling outo Technology feasible (individual or group businesses are established / strengthened)o Arranging credit service (banks/micro-finance I)5. Intervention title: Small scale day-old-chick supplysystemBackground/Problem definition• Supply of DOC (not sufficient) and limiting • Small scale hatchery businesses by individual or groups (women groups)• Improve the supply of DOCs locally and income landless poor women and youth groups• Mini-hatcheries and Intervention package Context of the intervention: TigrayDescription of the intervention The approach • Trainings, organized DOC growers with Axum ARI and RLF• Introduced new mini-hatcheries (42 eggs capacity)• LIVES worked with 8 DOC growers in Tigray• Local small scale hatcheries, Mini-incubators (42 eggs capacity)• Coached and mentored• Linkage support (fertile eggs, incubators, improved rations and credit services)Results/Evidences• Mini-incubator VS old 800-egg capacity incubator (8-women groupRahwa Poultry Association)• Infrequently used (large power) & frequent power outages• Hatchability increased from 48% (maximum of 55%) to 83%• Market > 140,000 chicks (2014/2015 & 2015/2016)• Benefited 6326 poultry farmers (2874 males and 3452 females)Key lessonslearnt andchallengesRural areas (electric power) replace hens’ role in hatching eggsand increasing number of hatched day old chicks.Fig. Total number of DOC supplied by growersImplications for scaling out Availability of electric power. Intervention: Improved housing and bio-security measuresBackground/problem definition• Absence of strict bio-security measures, hygienic housing and feeding/watering facilities• Introduction of semi-scavenging breeds• Entail introduction of affordable and hygienic housing, feeding and watering facilities with biosecurity measures and introduced by LIVESContext of the interventions: All regionsDescription of the interventionInterventions approaches: Awareness creation, training, demonstration of biosafety equipment, and study tour to exemplary farms, creation of linkages for different inputs, coaching and mentoring of farmers, extension staff and other value chain actors.Improved and hygienic housing package: LIVES introduced and demonstrated improved poultry housing package (urban and peri-urban)The watering/feeding equipment (rural) Bio-security measures: Responses of farmers: Reduce young mortality and morbidity, increase their flock size and ease management of their flocks.Interventions well adopted by poultry keepers. Two PAs in Bora and one PA Lumedistricts alone, 306 male and 68 female poultry keepers bought improved waterers, feeders and antibioticsIntroduction of foot bath, regulations on bio-security measures and general house cleanlinessZemera Sheh Abedela (Tel: 092481815886, Kersa district, Gabo PA)Abebe Girazmach and Birtukan Dula of Abo Gabriel  PA, Dugda district, east Shoa (bought)I7. ntervention title:Linkages to inputs/services and marketsBackground/Problem definition• Access to inputs & profitable markets & proper communications (VC actors)• Gap in poultry business skills (smallholder poultry keepers)• Not been able to benefit fully from their businesses• LIVES has thus adopted ‘linkages’ as its main intervention strategyContext of the intervention: Tigray and OromiaDescription of the intervention: Linking producers to input suppliers; services, to profitable markets; study tours to markets and improved poultry farms Implementation process or approach: Same as othersResults/Evidences• 7 women in egg handling/business skills/marketing & linked themwith cafes, hotels, and consumers• 25 weeks of egg buying and selling (63000 to 86000 eggs)• 1.3 to 1.7 million (2 Birr/egg)Number of eggs sold and revenue generated by women egg sellers per yearWomen trained by LIVES on egg marketing business in Laelay Maichewdistrict, TigrayA  linkage case story from Oromia• Dadi Leta & his spouse Basaha (LIVES, Meki town in Dugda)• Started poultry keeping 2015/16 (LFRDOs and LIVES interventions)• Training, linkage, equal participation• Linked (commercial feed shops in Meki, DOC Debrezeit, vaccine (NVI);Coached and mentored• They started with 307 layers (12 months period)• Revenue = 228, 900; Total variable cost= 177, 480• Gross margin 51, 420 ETBThe presentation has a Creative Commons licence. You are free to re-use or distribute this work, provided credit is given to ILRI.www.lives-ethiopia.org

LIVES poultry value chain development interventions: Approaches and scalable interventions

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LIVES poultry value chain development interventions: Approaches and scalable interventions

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