核质转运是真核细胞的基本生命活动之一。Importinβ家族的蛋白质成员作为核质转运的受体,负责细胞内大部分蛋白质和核酸等生物大分子的跨核膜运输。同时,细胞通过多种方式对核质转运的过程进行精确调控,使底物能够在正确的时间与空间发挥功能,保证细胞增殖与分化的正常进行。核质转运的失调,则使得底物不能正常执行功能,导致个体发育的异常与疾病的发生。Nucleocytoplasmic transport of macromolecules is mediated by the soluble transport receptorscollectively named importin β super family proteins.RanGTP regulates the interactions between the receptors andcargos.In this review,we describe the structural features of importin β family proteins and possible regulationmechanisms in nucleocytoplasmic transport of large molecules,such as modulating the NLS/NES directly byphosphorylation,or covering the NLS/NES domain through polymerization.The precise regulation of nucleocyto-plasmic transport brings cargos to the correct subcellular locations,which is essential for the cargos’ cellularfunctions such as gene transcription regulation,cell cycle regulation,cell differentiation and proliferation.Disruptionof the nuclear import/export processes will result in the mislocation of cargoes,therefore causing developmentaldisorder and diseases.国家自然科学基金(No.3047085);; 福建省自然科学基金(No.C0510003)资助项目~
