可转位刀片作为可转位刀具的关键切削元件，其制造精度对刀具的加工精度和切削效率有着重要影响。随着先进制造技术的发展，涌现出大量新工艺、新材料的可转位刀片，推动了精密制造的发展进程。目前高档可转位刀片周边数控磨床被国外产品垄断，国内可转位刀片制造技术落后于国外。因此，开展高精、高效可转位刀片刃磨工艺技术研究具有重要意义。 基于以上背景，本论文在项目组前期研究基础上，围绕“可转位刀片磨削误差测量与补偿技术”课题，从以下几个方面展开研究： 1.基于可转位刀片周边磨床特点，重新设计了一种V型块底座，改进了可转位刀片的装夹定位方式，实现刀片在水平和竖直方向上的定位微调和刀片的高精定位，此V型定位装置减...Indexable cutting tool is an advanced tool with excellent comprehensive performance, it is widely used in metal cutting and machining. With the development of advanced manufacturing technology, the emergence of a large amount of indexable inserts with new craft and new materials has promoted the development process of precision manufacturing. Based on this background, this thesis which focus on th...学位：工学硕士院系专业：航空航天学院_机械制造及其自动化学号：1992013115288

罗琪

Xiamen University Institutional Repository

  学校编码：10384                                分类号      密级                学号：19920131152882                                        UDC              硕  士  学  位  论  文    可转位刀片磨削误差测量及其补偿技术 Indexable Insert Grinding Error Measurement and Compesation Technique 罗 琪  指导教师姓名：姚  斌  教  授 专  业 名 称：机械制造及其自动化 论文提交日期：2016 年 05 月 论文答辩时间：2016 年 05 月 学位授予日期：2016 年    月      答辩委员会主席：__________  评    阅    人：            2016 年 05 月厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库  厦门大学学位论文原创性声明  本人呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下,独立完成的研究成果。本人在论文写作中参考其他个人或集体已经发表的研究成果，均在文中以适当方式明确标明，并符合法律规范和《厦门大学研究生学术活动规范(试行)》。 另外，该学位论文为(    )课题(组)的研究成果，获得(    )课题(组)经费或实验室的资助，在(    )实验室完成。(请在以上括号内填写课题或课题组负责人或实验室名称，未有此项声明内容的，可以不作特别声明。)  声明人(签名)：           年   月   日厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库  厦门大学学位论文著作权使用声明  本人同意厦门大学根据《中华人民共和国学位条例暂行实施办法》等规定保留和使用此学位论文，并向主管部门或其指定机构送交学位论文(包括纸质版和电子版)，允许学位论文进入厦门大学图书馆及其数据库被查阅、借阅。本人同意厦门大学将学位论文加入全国博士、硕士学位论文共建单位数据库进行检索，将学位论文的标题和摘要汇编出版，采用影印、缩印或者其它方式合理复制学位论文。 本学位论文属于： (     )1.经厦门大学保密委员会审查核定的保密学位论文，于   年  月  日解密，解密后适用上述授权。 (     )2.不保密，适用上述授权。 (请在以上相应括号内打“√”或填上相应内容。保密学位论文应是已经厦门大学保密委员会审定过的学位论文，未经厦门大学保密委员会审定的学位论文均为公开学位论文。此声明栏不填写的，默认为公开学位论文，均适用上述授权。)                                声明人(签名)： 年   月   日厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库 厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库摘 要 Ⅰ 摘 要 可转位刀片作为可转位刀具的关键切削元件，其制造精度对刀具的加工精度和切削效率有着重要影响。随着先进制造技术的发展，涌现出大量新工艺、新材料的可转位刀片，推动了精密制造的发展进程。目前高档可转位刀片周边数控磨床被国外产品垄断，国内可转位刀片制造技术落后于国外。因此，开展高精、高效可转位刀片刃磨工艺技术研究具有重要意义。 基于以上背景，本论文在项目组前期研究基础上，围绕“可转位刀片磨削误差测量与补偿技术”课题，从以下几个方面展开研究： 1. 基于可转位刀片周边磨床特点，重新设计了一种 V 型块底座，改进了可转位刀片的装夹定位方式，实现刀片在水平和竖直方向上的定位微调和刀片的高精定位，此 V 型定位装置减小了人工手动调整时间，缩短了非加工辅助时间。 2. 基于机器视觉检测原理，搭建可转位刀片的测量平台，研究了边缘检测和特征提取方法。利用 C#语言调用 Visionscape 工具库开发了一套刀片测量软件，实现可转位刀片刀尖圆弧半径、刀尖角度、刀尖位置尺寸、刀片内切圆直径等要素的测量功能，在离线模式下完成对可转位刀片的非接触式测量。  3. 分析了伺服系统特性、机床换向间隙、机床安装误差对可转位刀片磨削质量的影响，并提出相应的补偿方法。针对无孔型可转位刀片，建立了直线刃和过渡刃的偏心磨削数学模型。 4. 针对微小刀尖圆弧半径磨削后形状精度、尺寸精度低的问题，提出了一种基于刀尖圆弧制造误差加工指令再设计的方法，优化了砂轮磨削轨迹，改善了可转位刀片圆弧过渡刃的磨削质量。  关键词：可转位刀片；非接触测量；误差补偿厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库可转位刀片磨削误差测量及其补偿技术 Ⅱ 厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库Abstract Ⅲ Abstract Indexable cutting tool is an advanced tool with excellent comprehensive performance, it is widely used in metal cutting and machining. With the development of advanced manufacturing technology, the emergence of a large amount of indexable inserts with new craft and new materials has promoted the development process of precision manufacturing. Based on this background, this thesis which focus on the subject of “Indexable Insert Grinding Error Measurement and Compensation Technique” will mainly carry research on the following aspects: 1. Based on the features of indexable insert periphery grinding machine, the V-shapebase is redesigned to improve the clamping and targeting method of indexable inserts and realize the fine-tuning of insert’s position at both horizontal and vertical direction .  2. Based on the principles of machine vision inspection, a measurement device was built for indexable inserts with the function of the edge detection and feature extraction methods. Besides, a set of special measurement software was developed by using the dynamic link library of Visionscape. 3. The characteristics of the servo system, the machine commutation gap and machine installation error which generated tip radius grinding errors were analyzed.  A method of eccentric grinding of straight edge and transition edge was proposed. 4. To solve the problem of low shape accuracy and accuracy of grinding small radius tips, a method based on the redesign of the error machining instructions of tip radius was proposed, which improved the grinding quality of the arc transition edge.  Keywords: indexable insert; non-contact measurement; error compensation  厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库Indexable Inserts Grinding Error Measurement and Compesation Technique Ⅳ 厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库目 录 V  目 录 摘 要 ........................................................................................................... I Abstract ................................................................................................... III 目 录 .......................................................................................................... V CONTENTS ............................................................................................ IX 图表索引 .............................................................................................. XIII 第一章 绪 论 ............................................................................................ 1 1.1 论文研究的背景和意义 ................................................................................. 1 1.2 可转位刀片测量技术及误差补偿技术的发展现状 ..................................... 3 1.2.1 测量技术的发展概况.......................................................................... 3 1.2.2 误差补偿技术的发展概况.................................................................. 4 1.3 本文主要研究内容 ........................................................................................ 6 第二章 可转位刀片磨削原理与加工轨迹建模 ...................................... 9 2.1 可转位刀片的简介 ........................................................................................ 9 2.1.1 可转位刀片的分类及选择.................................................................. 9 2.1.2 可转位刀片的几何参数.................................................................... 10 2.2 可转位刀片周边刃磨的磨削工艺 .............................................................. 12 2.2.1 数控工具磨床的结构与技术参数.................................................... 12 2.2.2 可转位刀片的装夹与定位................................................................ 13 2.2.3 可转位刀片周边刃磨加工流程........................................................ 16 2.3 可转位刀片周边刃磨加工轨迹的数学模型 .............................................. 18 2.3.1 圆弧过渡刃的数学模型.................................................................... 18 2.3.2 直线过渡刃的数学模型.................................................................... 19 2.4 本章小结 ...................................................................................................... 20 厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库可转位刀片磨削误差测量及其补偿技术 VI  第三章 可转位刀片的测量技术 ............................................................ 21 3.1 基于机器视觉的非接触式测量原理 .......................................................... 21 3.1.1 坐标转换............................................................................................ 21 3.1.2 边缘检测............................................................................................ 24 3.1.3 特征提取............................................................................................ 25 3.2 相机标定 ...................................................................................................... 27 3.2.1 图像获取............................................................................................ 27 3.2.2 畸变校正............................................................................................ 28 3.3 基于机器视觉系统的测量软件二次开发 .................................................. 31 3.3.1 软件开发环境.................................................................................... 31 3.3.2 软件功能模块简介............................................................................ 31 3.4 本章小结 ...................................................................................................... 34 第四章 可转位刀片磨削误差的补偿技术 ............................................ 35 4.1 基于刀尖圆弧磨削成形的误差分析及补偿 .............................................. 35 4.1.1 刀尖圆弧磨削误差的定义................................................................ 35 4.1.2 刀尖圆弧制造精度对切削加工的影响............................................ 35 4.1.3 伺服系统特性对磨削误差的影响.................................................... 36 4.1.4 换向间隙对刀尖圆弧磨削误差的影响............................................ 38 4.1.5 基于刀尖圆弧制造误差的加工指令再设计.................................... 39 4.2 基于机床两旋转轴安装误差的补偿方法 .................................................. 42 4.2.1 机床两旋转轴的安装误差................................................................ 42 4.2.2 旋转轴安装误差的数学补偿............................................................ 43 4.3 基于无孔刀片装夹偏心的磨削补偿模型 .................................................. 44 4.3.1 刀片偏心磨削原理............................................................................ 44 4.3.2 直线刃的偏心模型............................................................................ 45 4.3.3 过渡刃的偏心模型............................................................................ 47 4.4 本章小结 ...................................................................................................... 48 厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库目 录 VII  第五章 基于误差补偿的磨削软件开发与实验验证 ............................ 49 5.1 可转位刀片磨削软件开发 .......................................................................... 49 5.1.1 组织结构与模块划分........................................................................ 49 5.1.2 补偿模块开发.................................................................................... 53 5.1.3 数据库模块开发................................................................................ 57 5.2 可转位刀片的磨削实验 .............................................................................. 58 5.2.1 圆弧偏移补偿实例............................................................................ 58 5.2.2 插补值细分补偿实例........................................................................ 60 5.2.3 偏心磨削实例.................................................................................... 62 5.3 本章小结 ...................................................................................................... 64 第六章 总结与展望 ................................................................................ 65 6.1 总结 .............................................................................................................. 65 6.2 展望 .............................................................................................................. 66 参考文献 .................................................................................................. 67 致 谢 ......................................................................................................... 71 硕士期间科研成果 .................................................................................. 72  厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库可转位刀片磨削误差测量及其补偿技术 VIII    厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库CONTENTS IX  CONTENTS Abstract in Chinese ................................................................................... I Abstract in English ................................................................................ III Contents in Chinese ................................................................................. V Contents in English ................................................................................ IX List of Figures and Tables .................................................................. XIII Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................................................ 1 1.1 Background and Significance ....................................................................... 1 1.2 Status of Measurement and Error Compensation Technology ................. 3 1.2.1 Status of Measurement Technology...................................................... 3 1.2.2 Status of Error Compensation ............................................................... 4 1.3 Main Contents of This Thesis ....................................................................... 6 Chapter 2 Grinding Principles and Grinding Track Model ................ 9 2.1 Introduction of Indexable Insert .................................................................. 9 2.1.1 Categories and Selection of Indexable Insert ........................................ 9 2.1.2 Geometric Parameters of Indexable Insert .......................................... 10 2.2 Periphery Grinding Process of Indexable Insert ...................................... 12 2.2.1 Structure and Parameters of CNC Grinding Machine ........................ 12 2.2.2 Clamping and Positioning of Indexable Insert .................................... 13 2.2.3 Machining Process of Indexable Insert Periphery Grinding ............... 15 2.3 Mathematical Modeling for Indexable Insert Grinding Track ............... 18 2.3.1 Mathematic Model of Arc Transition Edge ........................................ 18 2.3.2 Mathematic Model of Straight Transition Edge ................................. 19 2.4 Summary ....................................................................................................... 20   厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库Indexable Inserts Grinding Error Measurement and Compesation Technique X  Chapter 3 Indexable Insert Measurement Technology ...................... 21 3.1 Non-contact Measurement Principles Based on Machine Vision ............ 21 3.1.1 Coordinate Transformation ................................................................. 21 3.1.2 Edge Detection .................................................................................... 24 3.1.3 Feature Extraction ............................................................................... 25 3.2 Camera Calibration ..................................................................................... 27 3.2.1 Image Acquisition ............................................................................... 27 3.2.2 Distortion Correction .......................................................................... 29 3.3 Secondary Development of Measurement Based on Microscan System . 31 3.3.1 Software Development Environment .................................................. 31 3.3.2 Software Modules Introduction .......................................................... 31 3.4 Summary ....................................................................................................... 34 Chapter 4 Error Compensation Technology of Grinding .................. 35 4.1 Error Analysis and Compensation Based on Tip Radius......................... 35 4.1.1 Definition of Tip Radius Shaping Error .............................................. 35 4.1.2 Tip Radius Manufacturing Accuracy’s Effects on Cutting Process ... 35 4.1.3 Servo System Characteristic’s Effects on Grinding Error .................. 36 4.1.4 Commutation Gap’s Effects on Grinding Error of Tip Radius ........... 38 4.1.5 NC Machining Code Redesign Based on Manufacturing Error ......... 39 4.2 Compensation Method Based on Installation Error of Rotary Shafts.... 42 4.2.1 Machine Installation Error of Two Rotary Shafts............................... 42 4.2.2 Mathematical Compesation of Machine Installation Error ................. 43 4.3 Compensation Algorithm Based on Eccentric Clamping ......................... 44 4.3.1 Eccentric Clamping Grinding Principles ............................................ 44 4.3.2 Eccentric Algorithm of Straight Edge ................................................. 46 4.3.3 Eccentric Algorithm of Transition Edge ............................................. 48 4.4 Summary ....................................................................................................... 48  厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库   Degree papers are in the “Xiamen University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Database”.  Fulltexts are available in the following ways: 1. If your library is a CALIS member libraries, please log on http://etd.calis.edu.cn/ and submit requests online, or consult the interlibrary loan department in your library. 2. For users of non-CALIS member libraries, please mail to etd@xmu.edu.cn for delivery details. 厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库

Indexable Insert Grinding Error Measurement and Compesation Technique

http://dspace.xmu.edu.cn/bitstream/handle/2288/130061/%e5%8f%af%e8%bd%ac%e4%bd%8d%e5%88%80%e7%89%87%e7%a3%a8%e5%89%8a%e8%af%af%e5%b7%ae%e6%b5%8b%e9%87%8f%e5%8f%8a%e5%85%b6%e8%a1%a5%e5%81%bf%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Indexable Insert Grinding Error Measurement and Compesation Technique

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Xiamen University Institutional Repository