《汤姆叔叔的小屋》乃美国女作家斯陀夫人的代表作，也是文坛上引起巨大反响的废奴文学的经典之作。它描述了黑奴的苦难生活及为争取自由不懈奋斗的历程，愤怒地揭发和控诉了奴隶制的罪恶。弗莱认为，就西方文学传统而言，两大文学体系构成了原型的本源，即古希腊神话和希伯来人的《圣经》。弗莱的神话-原型批评理论立足于人类原始经验，在整体上把握西方文学类型的共性及历时态的演变规律，借助作品中抽象出来的原型，切入人类历史文化沉淀中最本质、最原始同时也最真挚、最动人的精神之根，从而帮助我们抓住文学的本质。原型批评能够将文学、神话、文化、历史等诸多因素包含在内，借助特定的文化语境，深入分析作品中的原型，有助于我们真正把握...Uncle Tom’s Cabin is the masterpiece of American authoress Harriet Beecher Stowe as well as the most influential anti-slavery literary classic in American literary world. It focuses on the poor life of black slaves and their struggle to achieve freedom, and makes a vehement attack upon the chattel slavery. According to Frye, as far as western literary tradition is concerned, two systems contribute...学位：文学硕士院系专业：外文学院外语教学部_外国语言学及应用语言学学号：X200711400

张蓉芳

Xiamen University Institutional Repository

学校编码：10384                        分类号_______密级 ______ 学号：X2007114009                            UDC _______   硕  士  学  位  论  文 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中的圣经原型研究 A Biblical Archetypal Study of Uncle Tom’s Cabin 张 蓉 芳 指导教师姓名： 周 南 翼 副教授专 业 名 称： 外国语言学及应用语言学 论文提交日期： 2011 年 4 月 论文答辩日期： 2011 年 6 月 学位授予日期： 2011 年   月   答辩委员会主席：           评    阅    人：            二零一一年六月  厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库厦门大学学位论文原创性声明  本人呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下,独立完成的研究成果。本人在论文写作中参考其他个人或集体已经发表的研究成果，均在文中以适当方式明确标明，并符合法律规范和《厦门大学研究生学术活动规范（试行）》。 另外，该学位论文为（                            ）课题（组）的研究成果，获得（               ）课题（组）经费或实验室的资助，在（               ）实验室完成。（请在以上括号内填写课题或课题组负责人或实验室名称，未有此项声明内容的，可以不作特别声明。）  声明人（签名）：         年   月   日      厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库厦门大学学位论文著作权使用声明 本人同意厦门大学根据《中华人民共和国学位条例暂行实施办法》等规定保留和使用此学位论文，并向主管部门或其指定机构送交学位论文（包括纸质版和电子版），允许学位论文进入厦门大学图书馆及其数据库被查阅、借阅。本人同意厦门大学将学位论文加入全国博士、硕士学位论文共建单位数据库进行检索，将学位论文的标题和摘要汇编出版，采用影印、缩印或者其它方式合理复制学位论文。 本学位论文属于： （     ）1.经厦门大学保密委员会审查核定的保密学位论文，于   年  月  日解密，解密后适用上述授权。 （     ）2.不保密，适用上述授权。 （请在以上相应括号内打“√”或填上相应内容。保密学位论文应是已经厦门大学保密委员会审定过的学位论文，未经厦门大学保密委员会审定的学位论文均为公开学位论文。此声明栏不填写的，默认为公开学位论文，均适用上述授权。）                                声明人（签名）： 年   月    厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库   Abstract Uncle Tom’s Cabin is the masterpiece of American authoress Harriet Beecher Stowe as well as the most influential anti-slavery literary classic in American literary world. It focuses on the poor life of black slaves and their struggle to achieve freedom, and makes a vehement attack upon the chattel slavery. According to Frye, as far as western literary tradition is concerned, two systems contribute to archetypes, that is, the ancient Greek mythology and the Bible of the Hebrews. Frye’s Myth-Archetypal criticism is based on primitive human experience and aims at an overall understanding of the development of literary genres. He holds that we can penetrate into the most intrinsic and primitive spirit of human cultures and can be closer to the nature of literature. Archetypal criticism can include literature, culture and history etc.. Therefore, if we want to understand a literary work well, we must analyze the archetypes in the work against certain cultural background. Only through this can we understand the real meaning of the work.  With the application of archetypical theory, this thesis first gives a comprehensive introduction to slavery as the social background and to the great influence of Christianity on Stowe, then attempts to analyze various archetypal characters such as Uncle Tom, Eva, and also explore archetypal plots and archetypical themes of Love and Evil in terms of Biblical archetype to reveal abundant religious connotations of Christianity in this novel. By making use of archetypical analysis, we can have a deep discussion on Stowe’s solution to slavery and illustrate where the modern misinterpretation and bias lie in order to better analyze why this novel is appealing but controversial. For Stowe, only the power of Christian love can ultimately defeat the slavery and oppression throughout the world. Stowe’s strategy to redeem the world through the power of love is progressive in that period. However, as far as social reform is concerned, Stowe’s strategy to changing the hearts is conservative and impractical. But to denounce Christian love in this novel as religious fakery would be the result of the failure to come to terms with the cultural background in which the novel was written. Taking 厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库 the ideology of the people at that time into a consideration, Uncle Tom’s Cabin is still a unique book. Despite some limitations in this novel, a reading of Uncle Tom’s Cabin with the theme of Love in mind is a rewarding experience. This thesis is expected to be of some help to Chinese readers to appreciate this classic novel better.  Key Words:  Christianity;    Biblical archetypes;       Slavery;   the Power of Love                   厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库  摘 要 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》乃美国女作家斯陀夫人的代表作，也是文坛上引起巨大反响的废奴文学的经典之作。它描述了黑奴的苦难生活及为争取自由不懈奋斗的历程，愤怒地揭发和控诉了奴隶制的罪恶。弗莱认为，就西方文学传统而言，两大文学体系构成了原型的本源，即古希腊神话和希伯来人的《圣经》。弗莱的神话-原型批评理论立足于人类原始经验，在整体上把握西方文学类型的共性及历时态的演变规律，借助作品中抽象出来的原型，切入人类历史文化沉淀中最本质、最原始同时也最真挚、最动人的精神之根，从而帮助我们抓住文学的本质。原型批评能够将文学、神话、文化、历史等诸多因素包含在内，借助特定的文化语境，深入分析作品中的原型，有助于我们真正把握作品的思想内涵。 本文采用原型批评理论，首先对斯托夫人所处时代的奴隶制度及基督教对她的重大影响做了全面的介绍。接着，从圣经原型批评的角度出发，试图分析《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中的各类人物形象如汤姆叔叔、小伊娃以及分析故事情节的圣经原型，同时也分析了爱和罪恶的圣经原型主题，以揭示这部小说中的丰富的宗教内涵。运用圣经原型分析可以深入探讨斯托夫人解决奴隶制度的方案及现代曲解这部小说的位置所在，从而更好的分析为何这部小说既令人喜爱又引起争议。在斯托夫人看来，唯有基督爱的力量才能最后消除奴隶制度和压迫。斯托夫人想通过爱的力量来改变社会的观点在当时具有进步性，但是就社会改革而言，只通过改变人心以此来拯救整个社会的观点过于保守。把小说中基督的爱误解为宗教伪装，这是由于没有理解这部小说当时所处的文化背景。考虑到当时的人们的意识形态，这部小仍然是一部独一无二的书。尽管这部小说有一定的局限性，但是以爱为主题解读《汤姆叔叔的小屋》是一个非常有价值的经历。希望这篇论文对中国读者更好欣赏这部经典著作有所帮助。  关 键 词：基督教;   圣经原型;   奴隶制;   爱的力量 厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库   Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................ 1 Chapter One  A Background Study .................................................... 7 I.  Uncle Tom’s Cabin—a Controversial Novel .....................................................7 II.  Slavery as Its Social Background..................................................................10 III.  Influence of Christianity on Stowe ............................................................13 Chapter Two  Biblical Archetypes in Uncle Tom’s Cabin ............... 16 I.  Archetypal Criticism and Biblical Archetypal Analysis .............................16 II.  Biblical Archetypal Characters ...................................................................18 III.  Biblical Archetypal Plots ..............................................................................30 IV.  Biblical Archetypal Themes ..........................................................................35 Chapter Three  Revelation of Archetypal Reading of Uncle Tom’s Cabin ............................................................................................. 41 I.  Stowe’s Solution to Slavery ...........................................................................41 II.  Christian Love Misinterpreted as Religious Fakery ...................................45 III.  Stowe’s Limitations .......................................................................................49 Conclusion............................................................................................... 52 Works Cited ............................................................................................ 54 Acknowledgements ............................................................................... 58                           厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库   目 录 绪论 ............................................................................................................ 1 第一章 背景研究 ...................................................................................... 7 1.《汤姆叔叔的小屋》—— 一部争议性的小说...................................................7 2. 社会背景—— 奴隶制度 ...................................................................................10 3. 基督教对斯托夫人的影响 .................................................................................13 第二章《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中的圣经原型 ......................................... 16 1. 原型批评和圣经原型分析 .................................................................................16 2. 圣经原型人物 .....................................................................................................18 3. 圣经原型情节 .....................................................................................................30 4. 圣经原型主题 .....................................................................................................35 第三章 原型解读《汤姆叔叔的小屋》的启示 ................................... 41 1. 斯托夫人解决奴隶制度的方案.........................................................................41 2. 基督徒的爱误解为宗教伪装.............................................................................45 3. 斯托夫人的局限性 .............................................................................................49 结论 .......................................................................................................... 52 参考文献 .................................................................................................. 54 致谢 .......................................................................................................... 58      厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库Introduction  1Introduction  Harriet Beecher Stowe, who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin, is regarded as one of the most outstanding female writers in the 19th century America. Uncle Tom's Cabin was, in fact, the best-selling novel of the nineteenth century. James A. Levernier in the Reference Guide to American Literature claimed that "if the greatness of a novel were based solely upon its popularity and sociological impact, then Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin would undoubtedly be one of the greatest American novels of all time" (Zagarell, 1994: 13). Uncle Tom’s Cabin is so popular that it has been translated into many languages and has been read all over the world.  There is no doubt that Uncle Tom’s Cabin, published in 1852 before the American Civil War, is an excellent and immortal novel that has an enduring impact on American literature. It was credited by some observers with stirring anti-slavery feeling to such a degree that the American Civil War was inevitable. Madeline B. Stern, writing in the Reference Guide to American Literature, noted: "There is no doubt that it is one of the few books to have changed the climate of public opinion and helped swing the political pendulum." Barbara Ryan in the Dictionary of Literary Biography reported: "Though Uncle Tom's Cabin was not the first anti-slavery novel, it was incontrovertibly the most engaging, and it sold phenomenally well." Adams in his A South-Side View of Slavery admitted that “no fictitious narrative of slavery could make a deeper impression than a book on this subject written by a female hand which knew well how to touch the chords of the human heart” ( Adams, 1885: 165). And its influence on American attitudes toward slavery has become so legendary that Abraham Lincoln was reported to have commented upon meeting Stowe, “So this is the little lady who made this big war!” The remark was certainly an overstatement, but it indicated Stowe’s fame and the extent to which her writing was seen as influencing the moral attitudes of the nation. Stowe was born in Litchfield, Connecticut, the daughter of the respected Congregational minister Lyman Beecher and Roxana Foote. She was raised in an environment that emphasized strict moral principles and intellectual energy, which shaped her future writing. When Stowe was four years old, her mother died. Her 厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库A Biblical Archetypal Study of Uncle Tom’s Cabin  2oldest sister, fifteen-year- old Catherine, assumed the care of the younger children. Their father soon remarried. Stowe had a good relationship with her stepmother, Harriet Porter Beecher, but Catherine remained the most important person in the young girl's life. When Stowe became depressed after her mother's death , she was sent to visit her grandmother and aunt on a farm on the shore of Long Island Sound. While there, she learned to read and, for the first time, met African Americans. Their treatment deeply disturbed the young Stowe.  Back in Litchfield in 1816, Stowe spent five years at "Ma'am" Kilbourne's school, where she was an avid student. Searching for books to read, she found a dusty copy of The Arabian Nights in her father's attic and read it many times. Eventually her father opened his library to her. One day he read her the "Declaration of Independence." In his Harriet Beecher Stowe, Noel Gerson recorded her reaction to this document from her writings: "I was as ready as any of them to pledge my life, fortune and sacred honor for such a cause," Stowe wrote (Gerson, 1976: 152). At the age of ten, Stowe was enrolled in the Litchfield Academy, where she soon became first in her class. In 1824 Catherine Beecher started a school for teenage girls in Hartford, Connecticut, and Stowe was one of her first pupils. While there she discovered poetry and began writing an epic poem she called "Cleon," about an early Greek convert to Christianity.  In 1832, Dr. Beecher was chosen as president of Lane Theological Seminary in Cincinnati, Ohio, and the family moved into a large house in Walnut Hills. Her uncle, Samuel Foote, took Stowe to the theater to see Shakespeare's plays. She joined a literary society called the "Semi-Colon Club,” where she was introduced to the anti-slavery movement. About the same time, Catherine Beecher started another school she called the "Western Female Institute," where Stowe was a student and later a teacher. In 1834 she won first prize in a contest conducted by the Western Monthly Magazine. Her sketch appeared in the April 1834 issue of the magazine and was published separately as Prize Tale: A New England Sketch (1834). On Jan. 6, 1836, she married Calvin Ellis Stowe, a professor in the Lane Seminary, and they had seven children during a period of financial hardship.  During the period, she did have the opportunity to visit the South, and she observed with particular attention the operation of the slave system there. In 1849 she published her first volume, The Mayflower, a slender book but one which 厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库Degree papers are in the “Xiamen University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Database”. Fulltexts are available in the following ways: 1. If your library is a CALIS member libraries, please log on http://etd.calis.edu.cn/ and submitrequests online, or consult the interlibrary loan department in your library. 2. For users of non-CALIS member libraries, please mail to etd@xmu.edu.cn for delivery details.厦门大学博硕士论文摘要库

A Biblical Archetypal Study of Uncle Tom’s Cabin

http://dspace.xmu.edu.cn/bitstream/handle/2288/48665/%e3%80%8a%e6%b1%a4%e5%a7%86%e5%8f%94%e5%8f%94%e7%9a%84%e5%b0%8f%e5%b1%8b%e3%80%8b%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%9c%a3%e7%bb%8f%e5%8e%9f%e5%9e%8b%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

A Biblical Archetypal Study of Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Xiamen University Institutional Repository