Distinguished Alumni Award Program author. The Honorable Thomas White, Secretary of the Army. NPS Hall of Fame Author (Presented September 27, 2001)Tactical ECM planning has historically considered only horizontal positioning of self-protection and standoff jamming systems. Failure to consider vertical positioning of the jammer, and how the environment affects that positioning, can lead to substantially reduced jamming effectiveness. The effects of radar and jamming system antenna patterns and environmental considerations are discussed. The Integrated Refractive Effects Prediction System (IREPS) incorporates these effects, but not in a form that is convenient for ECM planning. However, as it is now configured, IREPS can be a useful tool. A step-by-step approach for using IREPS and the jamming equations to assist the ECM planner is given. Sample calculations for self-protection and standoff jamming under actual environmental conditions are provided.http://archive.org/details/positioningofjam00whitNAN
