Carrera, P. (Pablo)

Castro, J. (José)

Gancedo, R.M. (Rosa María)

Marín, M. (Manuel)

Ramos, F. (Fernando)

Teruel, J. (Josefina)

Tornero, J. (Jorge)

Villamor, B. (Begoña)

English

Repositorio Institucional Digital del IEO

1The Chub Mackerel (Scomber Colias) in the Atlantic Spanish  Waters (ICES Divisions 8.c,  9.a North and 9.a South):Fishery dataB. Villamor, F. Ramos, P. Carrera, J. Castro, R. Gancedo,  M. Marín, J. Tornero, and J. TeruelWorking Document to WKCOLIAS – Workshop on Atlantic chub mackerel. Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Spain), 13-17 January 20202FISHERY: Available dataThe biological parameters of this population are a new requirement of the EU DataCollection Framework (DCF) for Spain in recent years (since 2011).Yearly landings:• Catch estimates by area (Sub-divisions): 1982-2018• Geographical distribution of catches: 2010-2018• Discards: only Subdivision 9.a South 2011-2018Technical features of the vessels were taken from the official Census  of the Spanish fleet:• Effort of the Spanish purse seine fleets: 2010-2018Length Composition of Catch (2011-2018): Division 8c and Subdivision 9a North: 2011-2018Subdivision 9a South: 2013-2018Age Composition of Catch (2011-2018): Catch-at age by quarter and ICES Division for the period 2011-2018 was obtained by applying biannual length-age keys to the catch length distributions. In the case of the 9.a South area, catch-at-age matrix was estimated by applying the available ALKs from the Divisions 8c and 9a N.Study area:Division 8b (only landings)Division 8.cSubdivisions 9.a North and 9.a South3FISHERY Description ü According with the Spanish regulations on the fishing activity, Atlantic waters are divided in two fishing areas, the Cantabrian Northwestern area, which comprises ICES Division 8c and 9a North, and the Gulf of Cadiz (9a South).  ü No regulation on maximum allowance catches are implemented for chub mackerel although in the Gulf of Cadiz the Andalusian Administration grants temporary authorizations for the fishing of chub mackerel (BOJA, 2012). This fishing activity aims to supply the Andalusian canning industry, and their temporary authorizations are allocated both between the purse seine fleet and the trawler fleet of the Gulf of Cadiz. In the case of the last one, the vessels replace their trawl gear by a purse seine gear to develop this fishing activity seasonally.ü In Spanish Atlantic waters, landings mainly come from purse seiner fisheries (70-98%), generally as a by-catch with a low market prize. Chub mackerel catches have increased in the most recent period, although at market level, mean price is still lower than that achieved for other pelagic fish speciesü The Spanish purse seine fleet is composed by 356 vessels, of which, 75% operate in the Cantabrian-Northwestern area and 25% in the Gulf of Cadiz.ü In terms of their technical specifications, both fleets do not show large differences in size (21 m CN vs. 17 m in GC), but in tonnage (71 GT vs. 30 GT) and power (209 kW vs. 140 kW).Nº of vessels size (m) Tonnage (GT) Power(kw) Nº of vessels size (m) Tonnage (GT) Power(kw)<10 19 7.5 2.9 20.5 2 9.4 5.7 51.110-12 19 10.8 7.4 52.1 3 11.5 8.1 38.312-18 64 14.8 21.1 100.7 50 15.7 21.2 107.118-24 76 21.3 62.3 208.8 32 20.1 43.3 193.824-40 88 29.6 143.0 361.4 3 24.4 72.6 286.0>40 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0Total 266 20.7 70.9 208.7 90 17.3 30.0 140.32018 LOA range Cantabrian-Northwestern Gulf of Cadiz4FISHERY: Catch estimates by area Yearly landings of chub mackerel from the Spanish fleet in 9.a (North and South) and 8c ICES Divisions for the period 1982 to 2009 are available at the ICES data base (ICES, 2010). This time series was updated with sales notes and logbooks for the period 2010-2018. Until 2006 catches remained at low level, except those from 1994 in 9.a. NorthSince this year, catches have continuously increasing until 2014, remaining then at more or less the same level, with a peak in 2017. The logbook data used to compile the 2010-2018 period provides an average of total catch around 37,000 tonnes, with a peak of catches in 2017 of 60,000 t, doubling the average of the catches in both areas 8.c and 9.a.The catch of the purse seine fleet represents between 70% (in 2011) and 98% (in 2015 and 2017) of the total catch0500010000150002000025000300003500040000TonnesYearLandigs by ICES Division 1982-20188b8c9a0500010000150002000025000300003500040000TonnesYearLandings by Subdivision 1982-2018Division 8.b8.c.East8.c. West9.a North9.a.Central9.a.South5FISHERY: quaterly distribution of catchesThe third quarter accounts for about half of the catches of the whole year (average 2010-2018) for all areas except for Division 8.b. This characteristic differs markedly from the seasonality of the other species of the Genus, i.e. mackerel, whose captures in Spanish waters show their peak in March and April. In Division 8b it is the fourth quarter where most catches are madeQ1Q2Q3Q4Division 8.cQ1Q2Q3Q4Sub-Division 9.a. NorthQ1Q2Q3Q4Sub-Division 9.a. CentralQ1Q2Q3Q4Sub-Division 9.a. SouthQ1Q2Q3Q4Total AreaQ1Q2Q3Q4Division 8.bChub mackerel landing by quarter 6FISHERY: Geographical distribution of catchesThe geographical distribution (average 2010-2016) of chub mackerel landings show the highest concentrations in quarter 3 in Division 9.a (North and South), followed by the western area of Division 8.c  (8.c West)7FISHERY: DiscardsDiscards (t) in SubDiv 27.9.a.s. There is no  Discards in SubDiv 27.9.a.n9.a South 2009 2010 201120122013 20142015 2016 20172018OTB_MCD_>=55_0_0 43 72 13 0 207 59 48 50 68 75PS_SPF_0_0_0 483 1025 409 103 716 596 1344 1014 204 128Total Discards 526 1097 422 103 922 654 1392 1064 272 203Total (Landings +discards) 2588 4255 512970187141 71669803 1059338105109% Discards 20% 26% 8% 1% 13% 9% 14% 10% 7% 4%Discards data by fleet 2016-2018 Length distribution by fleet 2016-2018The largest discards are made by the purse-seine fleet (87%)  in the second quarter (69%).TrawlQ1Q2Q3Q4Purse SeineQ1Q2Q3Q4020004000600080001000012000140001600010 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35N(thoushands)Length (cm)Length distribution (average 2016-2018)Purse Seine05010015020025030035040045050010 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35N(thoushands)Length (cm)Length distribution (average 2016-2018)Trawl8FISHERY: MetiersMetiers with length distributionMODALIDAD METIER DCF Descripción Definición DCFPURSE SEINE PS_SPF_0_0_0 Cerco de Cantábrico-noroeste y golfo de Cádiz Cerco dirigido a pequeños peces pelágicosMetiers without  length distributionMODALIDAD METIER DCF Descripción Definición DCFOTB_DEF_>=55_0_0 Arrastre de fondo con puertas dirigido a peces demersales de Cantábrico-noroeste y norte de PortugalArrastre con puertas dirigido a peces demersales con malla mínima de 55 mmOTB_DEF_>=70_0_0 Arrastre de fondo con puertas de VIIIabdArrastre con puertas dirigido a peces demersales con malla mínima de 70 mmOTB_MCD_>=55_0_0 Arrastre de fondo con puertas de golfo de Cádiz y sur de PortugalArrastre con puertas dirigido a peces demersales y crustáceos con malla mínima de 55 mmOTB_MPD_>=55_0_0 Arrastre de fondo de flota vasca de VIIIabdArrastre con puertas dirigido a cefalópodos y peces con malla mínima de 70 mmPTB_DEF_>=70_0_0 Arrastre en pareja de flota vasca de VIIIabdArrastre en pareja dirigido a peces demersales con malla mínima de 70 mmPTB_MPD_>=55_0_0 Arrastre en pareja de Cantábrico-noroesteArrastre en pareja dirigido a peces demersales y pelágicos con malla mínima de 55 mmGND_SPF_<40_0_0 Xeito de Cantábrico-noroeste Enmalle de deriva dirigido a sardina y anchoaGNS_DEF_>=100_0_0Enmalle de RASCO de Cantábrico-noreste y enmalle de aguas comunitarias de las divisiones VIIIabdEnmalle dirigido a peces demersales con malla mínima de 100 mmGNS_DEF_50-59_0_0 Enmalle de artes menores de golfo de Cádiz Enmalle dirigido a peces demersales con malla entre 40 y <60 mmGNS_DEF_60-79_0_0 Enmalle de artes menores (beta) de Cantábrico- noroeste enmalle dirigido a peces demersales con malla entre 60 y <80 mmGNS_DEF_80-99_0_0 Enmalle de VOLANTA de Cantábrico-noroeste Enmalle dirigido a peces demersales con malla entre 80 y <100 mmGTR_DEF_50-59_0_0 Trasmallo de golfo de Cádiz Trasmallo dirigido a peces demersales con malla entre 40 y <60 mmGTR_DEF_60-79_0_0 Trasmallo del golfo de Cantábrico-noroeste Trasmallo dirigido a peces demersales con malla entre 60 y <80 mmSDN_MCF_<55_0_0 Red danesa de Cantábrico-noroeste Red danesa dirigida a moluscos y pecesLHM_DEF_0_0_0 Línea de mano de merluza de Cantábrico-noroeste Línea de mano dirigida a peces demersalesLHM_SPF_0_0_0 Línea de mano dirigida a caballa de Cantábrico- noroeste Línea de mano dirigida a pequeños peces pelágicosLLS_DEF_0_0_0 Palangre demersal de Cantábrico-noroeste, golfo de Cádiz y aguas comunitarias Palangre de fondo dirigido a peces demersalesTrawlArtisanalMETIERS with  Chub mackerel landings9FISHERY: Purse seiner effort0200040006000800010000120002009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018PSX15RAC15PSX24ü The activity of the Spanish purse seine fleet in Atlantic Iberian waters is considered a single métier within the EU Data Collection Framework (DCF): purse seine targeting small pelagic fish (acronym: PS_SPF_0_0_0). Despite the ecological homogeneity of the “DCF métier”, their trips are split according to the individual target species, as well as considering itsfishing ground and fleet. This detailed segmentation is used for internal purposes and the resulting groups are called “IEO métier” . DCF Metier FHISING GROUND METIER_IEO DESCRIPTION 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 % (2009-2019)PSX11 Purse siene targeting sardine 7684 8376 7540 7064 5127 4569 3762 4405 2315 1584 14.0PSX12 Purse siene targeting horse mackerel 8017 8339 8934 7250 8094 6925 5187 5849 4879 7467 18.9PSX13 Purse siene targeting anchovy 47 2041 3727 1825 2586 3120 5046 3916 1497 3008 7.1PSX14 Purse siene targeting mackerel 2464 1176 1091 987 813 1569 1457 1387 536 705 3.2PSX15 Purse siene targeting chub mackerel 3642 3368 3986 3205 3035 5953 6322 6285 10741 5085 13.7PSX1X Purse siene targeting other species 2628 2480 4673 3678 3863 3708 3504 5667 3271 2220 9.5RAC11 Artisanal fleet using purse siene targeting sardine 4036 3473 4523 3415 3472 2673 138 276 275 130 6.0RAC12 Artisanal fleet using purse siene targeting  horse mackerel 173 525 325 584 501 435 746 622 383 397 1.2RAC13 Artisanal fleet using purse siene targeting anchovy 56 12 77 159 145 49 39 20 12 57 0.2RAC14 Artisanal fleet using purse siene targeting mackerel 22 41 14 17 4 48 26 30 18 38 0.1RAC15 Artisanal fleet using purse siene targeting chub mackerel 66 114 142 65 71 287 193 226 540 299 0.5RAC1X Artisanal fleet using purse siene targeting other species 56 131 64 198 182 312 175 228 227 287 0.5PSX21 Purse siene targeting sardine 5885 4739 5245 4449 4243 3635 1364 1975 2049 1407 9.3PSX22 Purse siene targeting anchovy 3151 3189 3893 3410 5328 5164 5593 4851 2726 3145 10.8PSX23 Purse siene targeting mackerel 3 127 122 103 104 41 238 107 359 140 0.4PSX24 Purse siene targeting chub mackerel 434 564 936 1329 1048 1121 1827 1830 1049 1082 3.0PSX2X Purse siene targeting other species 426 379 334 452 434 587 760 882 669 1025 1.6TOTAL 38790 39074 45626 38190 39050 40196 36377 38556 31546 28076 100.0PS_SPF_0_0_0Cantabrian-NorthwesternGulf of CadizThe effort of those IEO métiers targeting chub mackerel has been duplicated in the last years, representing 23% of the total effort in 2018 (39% in 2017)FISHERY: Quarterly catch  distribution (2011-2018)2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 20180.000.250.500.751.00050001000015000200002500030000350004000045000500004321CatchYear% CatchCatch (mt)2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 20180.000.250.500.751.00050001000015000200002500030000350004000045000500004321CatchYear% CatchCatch (mt)8b8cFISHERY: Quarterly catch  distribution (2011-2018)9aN9aCa2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 20180.000.250.500.751.00050001000015000200002500030000350004000045000500004321CatchYear% CatchCatch (mt)2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 20180.000.250.500.751.00050001000015000200002500030000350004000045000500004321CatchYear% CatchCatch (mt)12FISHERY: Catch length composition Yearly cumulated length distributions were also compared using Kolmogorov-Smirnov testIn 8c there is  a decreasing trend in mean length together with significant changes in length distribution. Length were similar from 2011-13 at around 37.5 cm. From 2014-16 at around 32.5 cm. In most recent years , yet with significant differences in length distribution mean length dropped up to 26.4 cm10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 5000.250.50.751 2011 (36.63 cm)2012 (37.59 cm)2013 (38.31 cm)2014 (32.7 cm)2015 (33.23 cm)2016 (31.3 cm)2017 (25 cm)2018 (27.83 cm)Average (32.82 cm)Length (cm)13FISHERY: Catch length composition In 9aN, although some variability in length distribution, excluding 2015, 2011-16 mean length and distribution were similar, round 28.6 cm. 2017-18 decreased up to 24.6 cm10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 5000.250.50.7512011 (28.16 cm)2012 (27.56 cm)2013 (28.72 cm)2014 (28.65 cm)2015 (30.87 cm)2016 (27.87 cm)2017 (23.94 cm)2018 (25.07 cm)Average (27.6 cm)Length (cm)14FISHERY: Catch length composition 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 5000.250.50.7512013 (26.27 cm)2014 (24.94 cm)2015 (28.76 cm)2016 (27.41 cm)2017 (25.28 cm)2018 (26.88 cm)Average (26.59 cm)Length (cm)In 9aS, as observed in 9aN, 2015 was  different15FISHERY: Catch length composition 2013-18 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 5000.250.50.7518c (38.31 cm)9aN (28.72 cm)9aS (26.27 cm)Length10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 5000.250.50.7518c (32.7 cm)9aN (28.65 cm)9aS (24.94 cm)Length10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 5000.250.50.7518c (33.23 cm)9aN (30.87 cm)9aS (28.76 cm)Length10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 5000.250.50.7518c (31.3 cm)9aN (27.87 cm)9aS (27.41 cm)Length10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 5000.250.50.7518c (25 cm)9aN (23.94 cm)9aS (25.28 cm)Length10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 5000.250.50.7518c (27.83 cm)9aN (25.07 cm)9aS (26.88 cm)Length16FISHERY: Catch at age compositionü Based on the length sampling of landings from the Spanish purse seine fleet, length frequency and catch at age by quarter and ICES Division for the period 2011-2018 have been  estimated. ü Over 70% of the catch belong to age groups 1-3.ü Catches of young of the year (age group 0) are almost negligible.0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50%0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14Age 20119.a.S9.a.N8.c0%10%20%30%40%50%60%0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14Age 20129.a.S9.a.N8.c0%10%20%30%40%50%60%0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14Age 20139.a.S9.a.N8.c0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14Age20149.a.S9.a.N8.c0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50%0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14Age 20159.a.S9.a.N8.c0%10%20%30%40%50%60%0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14Age (years)20169.a.S9.a.N8.c0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14Age (years)20179.a.S9.a.N8.c0%10%20%30%40%50%60%0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14Age (years)20189.a.S9.a.N8.cü Adult fish (Age group 2+) mainly occur in Division 8.c. ü Maximum recorded age was 14 The older fish are located in 8.c but in small proportionü In Division 8.c young fish occur since 201417FISHERY: Catch at age compositionYoung fish (age groups 1 and 2) occur during the whole year throughout the area, although highly variable among years and areas.In Division 8.c young fish occur since 2014, and mainly in second half of the year.Adult fish (Age group 2+) mainly occur in Division 8.c and most of the catches belong to f age groups 3-5. Age group  3 is also caught in 9.a Division, mainly in the northern area. Maximum recorded age was 14 The older fish are located in 8.c but in small proportion9.a South 9.a North 8.c 0500100015002000250030003500400045002011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Number ('000)YearQuarter 11098765432100200040006000800010000120001400016000180002011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Number ('000)YearQuarter 210987654321005000100001500020000250003000035000400002011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Number ('000)YearQuarter 310987654321005001000150020002500300035004000450050002011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Number ('000)YearQuarter 4109876543210010000200003000040000500006000070000800002011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Number ('000)YearAnnual109876543210020004000600080001000012000140002011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Number ('000)YearQuarter 110987654321005000100001500020000250002011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Number ('000)YearQuarter 21098765432100500001000001500002000002500002011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Number ('000)YearQuarter 310987654321001000020000300004000050000600002011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Number ('000)YearQuarter 41098765432100500001000001500002000002500003000003500002011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Number ('000)YearAnnual10987654321002000400060008000100001200014000160002011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Number ('000)YearQuarter 110987654321002000400060008000100001200014000160002011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Number ('000)YearQuarter 21098765432100200004000060000800001000001200001400002011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Number ('000)YearQuarter 310987654321005000100001500020000250002011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Number ('000)YearQuarter 41098765432100200004000060000800001000001200001400001600001800002000002011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Number ('000)YearAnnual109876543210The large abundance of ages group 1 in 2017  in all areas and which is followed in 2018, and preliminary also in the 2019 ALKs, seems to indicate a strong cohort in 2016.18CONCLUSIONSü Since 2010 chub mackerel landings have notably increased on about 40% in relation to the previous periods. At present, round 37 thousands tones on average are annually caught, mainly by purse, which represents a new fishery that partially compensate the actual low yield of the sardine one, given the low productivity of the sardine Ibero-Atlantic stock. ü The geographical distribution of chub mackerel catches, with the bulk concentrated in Division 9.a and in the westernmost part of 8.c would be also explained by this higher availability in the Atlantic area and not only by the decrease of the sardine yield.ü On the other hand, there is still no signal of such increase at the inner part of the Bay of Biscay catches estimates remain at same order of magnitude as observed in previous periods. Summer time is the main fishing period, which is later than that of the Atlantic mackerel, whose main fishing period is late winter-earlier springü Mean length shows a geographical trend with the smallest fish being caught in southern part and the biggest in the Cantabrian Sea. Besides, in this area mean length has also decreased, although is still higher than those of the other areas. The increasing availability of young fish along the year can explain this trend.ü In the same way, the differences observed in the shape of the frequency length distribution between 9.a and 8.c.would be related with the prevalence of 9.a as nursery area against the prevalence of 8.c as spawning area.ü The age structure of chub mackerel in Atlantic Iberian waters during 2011-2018 was mainly composed by fish between 0-6 years old, with prevalence of ages 1 to 3.  Individuals up to 14 years old have been captured but in small proportions.The 2011-2018 time series of catch-at-age seems to indicate that the 2016 annual class is very strong.

The Chub Mackerel (Scomber Colias) in the Atlantic Spanish Waters (ICES Divisions 8.c, 9.a North and 9.a South): Fishery data

The Chub Mackerel (Scomber Colias) in the Atlantic Spanish Waters (ICES Divisions 8.c, 9.a North and 9.a South): Fishery data

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