Decompression of host-inclusion systems in UHP rocks: insightsfrom observations and models

Abstract

International audiencePolymorphic transformations are key tracers of metamorphic processes, also used to estimate thepressure and temperature conditions reached by a rock. In particular, the quartz-coesite transitionis commonly used to define the lower boundary of the ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphicfield. The partial preservation of coesite included in garnets from UHP rocks bring considerableinsights into the burial and exhumation mechanisms of the continental crust involved inconvergent zone. Coesite was first described in the Western Alps by Chopin[1], in the Dora-Mariawhiteschist, one of the most emblematic UHP rock worldwide. Although the partial preservation ofcoesite inclusions in garnet has long been attributed to the pressure vessel effect, theinterrelationship and relative timing between fracturing and retrogression is still contentious.Here we study the reaction-deformation relationships of coesite inclusions initially enclosed ingarnet and transforming into quartz during the decompression process. We combine 2Dnumerical thermo-mechanical models constrained by pressure-temperature-time (P-T-t) estimatesfrom the Dora-Maira whiteschist. The model accounts for a compressible visco-elasto-plasticrheology including a pressure-density relationship of silica based on thermodynamic data. Thisallows us to study the effect of reaction-induced volume increase during decompression. Ourresults capture the typical fracture patterns of the host garnet radiating from retrogressed coesiteinclusions and can be used to study the relative role of volume change associated with a change ofP-T conditions on the style of deformation during decompression.The mechanisms of the coesite-quartz transformation and geodynamic implications are presentedand validated against geological data. The effect of fluids on the phase transition and theconditions of access of fluids during the transformation are discussed in the light of the results ofthe thermo-mechanical models.This study demonstrates the high potential of thermo-mechanical modelling in enhancing ourunderstanding of the processes involved in the formation and evolution of metamorphic minerals.[1]Chopin (1984) Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 86, 2, 107-11