Mangesho, Walter

Mukiri, Jessica

Ngoteya, Godfrey

Ngunga, David

Notenbaert, An Maria Omer

Nzogela, Beatus

Omore, Amos

Paul, Birthe K.

Omore, Amos O.

CGSpace

CLEANED – Validation WorkshopDairy Value Chain TanzaniaWalter Mangesho, Birthe Paul, Jessica Mukiri, David Ngunga, Beatus Nzogela, Godfrey Ngoteya, An Notenbaert, Amos Omore Email: cleaned@cgiar.orgCLEANED Validation Workshop: 25th – 26th March 2021Welcome• Introduction and Objectives – Jess• Opening remarks – Godfrey• Program overview• Introduction + Expectations• Start of WorkshopObjectivesDevelop future best-bet integrated packages and scenarios to be modelled in CLEANEDTo assess the relevance of CLEANED results and key decision identify makers/experts Verify and discuss preliminary model results of the model CLEANED model to reflect intensive dairy livestock systemsOpening RemarksMAZIWA ZAIDI PROJECT: About Phase I• Maziwa Zaidi project is implemented under the CGIAR Research Program on Livestock (hereafter Livestock CRP) • In a nutshell, the Livestock CRP is piloting integrated interventions in “Priority Countries”, which are intended to serve as ‘field laboratories’ where the Livestock CRP can test its ‘Products; and take them to scale and contribute to designing integrated livestock interventions.• The CRP Country priority program for Tanzania was branded as “Maziwa Zaidi (More Milk)• The implementation of MZ phase I in Tanzania started in 2012-2018 to test multi-stakeholder processes (hubs and innovation platforms)• The focus of Maziwa Zaidi Phase I was on establishing market linkages targeting farmer groups as an entry point to overcome market barriers, increase participation, improve revenue/income and livelihoods. • It mainly targeted pre-commercial marginalized cattle keeping men and women in Tanga and Morogoro regions.• From MZ I, it was observed that; The hubs were found useful for intended purposes and progress towards sustainability.  Linkages starting with farmer groups are slow in terms of process and it’s quicker to start with agripreneurs, who are service providers. Skills training has proven effective and would scale-up by focusing more on personal self-starting entrepreneurial initiatives as well as future-oriented and proactive mindsets. MAZIWA ZAIDI PROJECT: About Phase II• In early 2019, the CGIAR’s Livestock CRP provided additional resources to extend the work of the Maziwa Zaidi phase I to a second phase i.e., Maziwa Zaidi phase II.• MZ Phase II entitled, “Agri-entrepreneurship, technology uptake and inclusive dairy development in Tanzania was designed to take place in between 2019 and 2021 in four districts of Kilimanjaro and Tanga region in Tanzania.• The overall objective of the project is to pilot uptake of dairy technology packages through institutional approaches that involve inclusive agribusiness models for improved livelihoods of smallholders and environmental sustainability in Tanzania.• This phase focuses on agribusinesses as an entry point in the dairy value chain • The project will promote intervention packages that bundle and combine proven genetics, health and feeds technologies within institutional arrangements that not only have the potential to be profitably leveraged in various combinations by agribusinesses (depending on their demand and interest) but also that allow farmers to utilize and benefit from these bundles. About Phase II cont’d……..• The delivery packages to be profitably leveraged by agribusiness targeting producers will be:  Brachiaria grass (or other forage options), manure management, East coast fever vaccine, and AI.• These will be delivered through capacitated agripreneurs and agribusinesses, using digital platforms for farmer profiling and e-extension, and capacity development supporting market access, safer products and effective collective action.• i.e., the project will support agribusiness skills development and embed proven dairy technologies in the portfolio of products and services that agribusinesses and Agri-entrepreneurs deliver hence enhancing uptake of dairy technologies and innovations. • Women- and youth-led dairy agribusinesses will be targeted with business development services (BDS) and other support services to overcome barriers to entry into lucrative nodes of the dairy value chain.• Generally, The key assumptions that will be tested in MZ phase II are: 1. Inclusive agribusiness approach will enhance the uptake of technology packages.2. Incubation/acceleration/mentorship of agripreneurs will contribute to improved business performance.3. Integrated technology packages will contribute to increased productivity, income and consumption of safe milk. NB: For more information on Maziwa Zaidi kindly visit https://maziwazaidi.orgPart 1: Intensive livestock enterprise Why is the livestock Dairy value chain is important in  Tanzania: The facts>200,000Smallholder dairy  farmersThe estimated total number of livestock dairy cattle 680,0005.4%GDP The value of livestock accounts forthat accounts for some jobs4.6 MillionHouse Holds2.4 BillionMilk produced 70% from traditional systems, 30% improved cattle systems.30% of 5.4% is from dairy  Increased demand for milk and dairy  productsCurrent milk consumption 45 kg/annum, expected  to increase to 100 kg/annum.Current Environmental impactsHerrero et al., (2013)Livestock40%Others60%Global agricultural GDPLivestock33%Others67%Global fresh water useLivestock33%Others67%Global crop land Forage64%Grains36%Negative environmental impacts:of greenhouse gasesEMISSIONSdegradation and deforestationLANDpollution and depletionWATERthreatenedBIODIVERSITYDEFORESTATIONPart 2:CLEANEDWhat is CLEANED?C omprehensiveL ivestockE nvironmentalA ssessment for ImprovedN utrition, a SecuredE nvironment and SustainableD evelopment along Livestock and Fish Value Chains.“A rapid ex-ante environmental impact assessment tool that allows users to explore multiple impacts of developing livestock value chains.”Land requirementsProductivityEconomicsSoil ImpactsWater impactsGHG emissionsWhat is CLEANEDThe CLEANED tool lets users explore multipleimpacts of developing livestock value chains in explicit ways. It models the impact of intensifying livestock along multiple pathways:UserInputs Outputs GroupCLEANED tool INPUT tabThe ArchitectureReportsSummary and individual(Multiple tabs)ParameterModel parameters(Multiple tabs)CalculationsBack end calculations(Multiple tabs)CLEANED CalculationsRUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) is widely used for estimating the rate of soil loss by water.A = R x K x L x S x C x PA: annual soil loss per acreR: rainfall erosivityK: soil erodibilityL: slope lengthS: slope steepnessC: vegetative coverP: erosion control practicesLand Requirement =Feed requirement + Feed quality ==> feed amountFeed amount + crop yields ==> land sizeWater Using -> Evapotranspiration (ET)N Balance  NUTMONCLEANEDGHG 2006 IPPC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.Tier 1 and 2The processThe CLEANED tool process comprises of 2 stages:1. Collect and input the baseline data 2. Generate reports for different scenarios of how the livestock production systems might changePage Break TitleStep 2Step 1Location Define locationDescribe Practices and Value Chain e.g. grazing Calculate environmental baselines Intervention 1Intervention 2Describe interventionsDescribe likely changes in inputs and parameters andCalculate environmental impacts WaterLandGreenhouse gases EconomicLivestock Describe systemMethodologyStudy AreaTypesSite GPS coordinates(Lat; Long)Mean Annual Rainfall (mm) Mean Annual Temperature (˚C)Land area (sq. km)ReferenceMuhezahighland,Tanga-4.8333338.783331,100 to 1,40018.3 to 33.91,974 Muheza District Profile, 2014Muheza lowland, Tanga38.6234 -5.0851 474 20.6 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muheza_Districthttps://www.besttimetovisit.com.ph/tanzania/amani-3785550/Hai,Kilimanjaro-3.2916437.20137 521 ± 1888 23.3 ± 0.66 902 Hai District Profile, 2017Types – Livestock systemSiteLivestock systemsSeason Season MonthsMgtsystemBreed typeAv. Milk pdn/cow/kg. yrType and No. ofanimals Feeding systemType of feed (%)Muheza-HighlandIntensive Long rainsApril to JuneZero grazingCross breed6100Cows : 3Heifers:2Calves: 2Cut &CarryImproved Forages (47) Concentrates      (1) Crop residues            (2) Natural Pastures   (50) Short rainsJuly, Oct to DecImproved Forages   (24) Concentrates (1) Crop residues (5) Natural Pastures (70)DryJan to March, Aug & SepImproved Forages (5) Concentrates          (2)Crop residues           (4) Natural Pastures   (89) Muheza -low landIntensive Long rainsApril to JuneZero grazingCross breed3660Cows : 3Heifers: 2Calves: 2Cut &CarryImproved Forages   (4) Concentrates         (1) Crop residues (10)  Natural Pastures   (85)Short rainsJuly, Oct to DecImproved Forages   (4) Concentrates          (1) Crop residues (13) Natural Pastures    (82)DryJan to March, Aug & SepImproved Forages (1) Concentrates          (2) Crop residues           (13) Natural Pastures (84)Hai Intensive Long rainsMarch to JulyZero grazingPure Breed4650Cows : 2Heifers:1Calves: 1Cut &CarryImproved Forages (15) Concentrates          (5)Crop residues         (30) Natural Pastures  (50)Short rainsMid Oct to DecImproved Forages (15) Concentrates (10) Crop residues (45) Natural Pastures (30)DrySep to Mid Oct and Jan to FebImproved Forages (15) Concentrates        (10) Crop residues (45) Natural Pastures  (30)Animal Diet/ Feed basket020406080100120Long rains Dry season Short rains Long rains Dry season Short rains Long season Dry season Short rainsHai Muheza highland Muheza lowlandFeed proportion (%)Dairy intensifying farmTypical Feed basketNapier grassLeucaenaRice strawMaize stoverGuatemalaNaturally occuring pastureConcentratesParameters UsedCLEANED ResultsResults overviewSummaryLand requirementsSoil impactsWater impactsGHG emissionsLand • High dependence of crop residues in Hai than in Muheza therefore high land requirement• Less usage of planted grass in Hai than Muheza 0.000.501.001.502.002.503.003.504.004.505.00Muheza highland Muheza Lowland HaiLand (ha)Dairy System TypesTotal area under feed productionCrop residues Planted grass Natural grass Legume foragesSoil Impacts66%38%17%0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%Muheza highland Muheza Lowland HaiN nutrient mining % areaDairy System Types N nutrient miningMinimum N addition to the soil coupled with high crop cultivation leads to high N nutrient mining in Muheza Soil ImpactsHigh soil erosion per kg FPCM in Muheza lowland due to high usage of livestock feeds from natural sources 0.000.020.040.060.080.100.120.140.160.18Muheza highland Muheza Lowland HaiSoil loss (kg  soil)Dairy System Types Soil erosion per kg FPCM Soil ImpactsHigh level of soil erosion in Muheza highland due to;• Topographical nature of the area• High crop cultivation activities• Less soil conservation practices 0.000.501.001.502.002.50Muheza highland Muheza Lowland HaiSoil loss (t soil)Dairy System TypesSoil erosion per ha  Water Impacts• Much usage of water in Hai due to much usage of crop residues which needs much precipitation for crops growth• Increase production of high quality forage would reduced relative water resource use and improve efficiency of intensive dairy production system  - 200.00 400.00 600.00 800.00 1,000.00 1,200.00 1,400.00Muheza highland Muheza Lowland Haiwaterha (m3/ha/yr)Dairy System TypesTotal water Use m3/ha/yrWater Impacts0.005.0010.0015.0020.0025.0030.0035.0040.00Muheza highland Muheza Lowland Hai(m3/Kg product)Dairy System TypesTotal water use per productwatermeat Watermilk0.002.004.006.008.0010.0012.0014.00Muheza highland Muheza Lowland Hai(m3/Kg protein)Dairy System TypesTotal water use to produce a kg of Protein• Water loss through  evapotranspiration by the portion of the crops that is used for feed and fodder • Production of high yielding crops can reduce the lossGHG Emissions0.001.002.003.004.005.006.007.008.00liv.entericfermentationliv. Manure Soil Rice off farm emissionst CO2e /ha Dairy System TypesSources and Sinks of CO2Muheza highland Muheza Lowland Hai• High milk production correlates positively with enteric fermentation especially when low quality feeds are used• Poor manure management also increases emissions• Production and use of improved forages and proper manure management is highly recommendedGHG Emissions - 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00Muheza highland Muheza Lowland Hai( t CO2e/ha/yr)Dairy System TypesGHG emission intensity 0.0020.0040.0060.0080.00100.00120.00140.00160.00Muheza highland Muheza Lowland Haikg CO2 eq. /kg productDairy System TypesGHG emission intensity per productGHGmeat GHGmilk0.0010.0020.0030.0040.0050.0060.00Muheza highland Muheza Lowland Haikg CO2 eq. /kg proteinDairy System TypesGHG emission intensity per kg proteinEnvironmental Impact: CLEANED resultsValidateIs this what is expected on the groundReasons for yes/no answerWhat information is needed to further verify the resultsYes NoTotal area under feed productionN nutrient miningSoil erosion per kg FPCM Soil erosion per ha  Total water Use m3/ha/yrTotal water use per productTotal water use to produce a kg of ProteinSources and Sinks of CO2GHG emission intensity GHG emission intensity per kg proteinGHG emission intensity per productResults VerificationType ValidateIs this what is expected on the groundPopulation involved in VC* in Project AreaReasons for yes/no answerWhat information is needed to further verify the resultsYes NoPercentage (%)Low / Medium / High(0 -29 / 30 -60 / 61 -100) Type VerificationINPUT and ParametersValidateIs this what is expected on the groundReasons for yes/no answerYes NoHerd composition (nr)Average annual milk (kg)Average annual growth per animal (kg)Average Body weight (kg) - CowAverage Body weight (kg)- HeifersAverage Body weight (kg) - CalvesParturition interval (years)Feed basket/ DietAnimal WhereaboutsNatural pasture /DM Yield tonne/haPennisetum purpureum/ DM Yield tonne/haMaize/DM Yield tonne/haManure application tonne/haInput and Parameters VerificationCLEANED ApplicationWho will be using CLEANED?• What is their job?• Where does it fit into the job role?• Who will be their audience?What questions do you want to answer?• Implementing technologies• Soil impacts in an area• Alternative processes or practices• GHG emissions• Land use• Water impactshttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/97557Who are the stakeholders?Environmental Impact: CLEANED resultsImportance of Results to xxx1 = very low; 2 = low; 3 = medium; 4 = high; 5 = very high; 0 = non-existent; N/D = no data; N/A = not applicableReasons for answerTotal area under feed productionN nutrient miningSoil erosion per kg FPCM Soil erosion per ha  Total water Use m3/ha/yrTotal water use per productTotal water use to produce a kg of ProteinSources and Sinks of CO2GHG emission intensity GHG emission intensity per kg proteinGHG emission intensity per productUse of Results for stakeholder xEND of DAY 1Thank you!DAY 2: CLEANED ScenariosRecapProgram for the dayCLEANED ScenariosChallenges and for dairy value chainChallenges• Disease control• Low quality forage• Low performance of A.I• Inbreeding• Poor Manure ManagementThe InterventionsProven genetics, health and feeds technologies:1. Brachiaria grass (or other forage options), 2. Manure management, 3. East coast fever vaccine4. Artificial InseminationExample of Scenario/ Intervention• Packaging technical componentsGenetics1. _____Feeds and foragesi. _____Herd healtha. _____Dairy basket of technologies & innovations1, ii, c, A 3, i2, iii, b, Package PackagePackageAffected by- Demand by entrepreneur- Demand by farmer- Recommendation by expertsEmphasis on ‘demand driven’Cross-cutting gender, youth, capacity building;Environmental sustainabilityProduction ChallengesIs the production challenge affecting  your dairy typeIf YesHow important is this production challenge in dairy type and locationPercentage (%)Mildly important/ Important / Very Important(0 -29 / 30 -60 / 61 -100) Reasons for answerYes NoFeedingHealthGeneticsEnvironment/Manure mgmt.Mapping challenges to the locationTypeThe Package Brachiaria grass (or other forage options) / Manure management/ East coast fever vaccine, and /Artificial InseminationAFormulating the PackageHow do this(these) package(s) affect the production and input and parameters in your dairy type?% increase of production from baseline Milk yieldInput Parameters- Feeding basket what proportion of the basket will change?- Which feed item will be utilized less- What feed it item will be introduced- Does this intervention change the wet and dry season basket?- What are the yields for the introduced feed items in the location?- What are the nutritional values for introduced feed items in the location?- Will there be any inorganic/organic fertilizer use? How much?- If the intervention package is successful, does the herd composition change or remain the same?- If a change,  is there an increase or decrease in animal numbers? Specify- Do the weights of the animal change or remain the same?- Does the birthing interval change?- How would the manure be managed if intervention is successful? - Will collection and use of manure changeN/AThank you!

CLEANED Validation Workshop - Dairy value chain Tanzania

https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/10568/114190/1/CLEANED_Validation_Workshop_Tanzania.pdf

CLEANED Validation Workshop -  Dairy value chain Tanzania

CLEANED Validation Workshop - Dairy value chain Tanzania

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