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ITOH, Takao

MANDANG, Y. I.

MULYANINGSIH, Tri

PARMAN, Ir.

TABATA, Yasunori

WIDJAJA, Elizabeth

WIRIADINATA, Harry

Kyoto University Research Information Repository

Title Structural Survey and Artificial Induction of AloeswoodAuthor(s)TABATA, Yasunori; WIDJAJA, Elizabeth;MULYANINGSIH, Tri; PARMAN, Ir.; WIRIADINATA,Harry; MANDANG, Y. I.; ITOH, TakaoCitationWood research : bulletin of the Wood Research Institute KyotoUniversity (2003), 90: 11-12Issue Date2003-09-30URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/53106RightType Departmental Bulletin PaperTextversionpublisherKyoto UniversityPreliminaryStructural Survey and Artificial Induction of Aloeswood*lYasunori TABATA*2, Elizabeth WIDJAJA*3, Tri MULYANINGSIH*4,Ir. PARMAN*4, Harry WIRIADINATA*3, Y.I. MANDANG*5and Takao lTOH*2(Received May 31, 2003)Keywords: A10eswood, Gaharu, Aquilaria sp.IntroductionAloeswood is the scented wood and material of incense,aroma oil, and medicine. In the body of some specificwood living in Middle Asia to South-east Asia, only resindeposited part is called aloeswood. It is called agaru inIndia, gaharu in Malaysia and Indonesia, and Jinkoh inJapan 1). Gaharu and aloeswood is not equal on themeaning, but this point wiil be discussed later. KyaraOapanese) which is yielded only the part of middleVietnam (personal communication) is also one. type ofaloeswood, and this is the highest quality jinkoh.There are two opinion on our research, one is thestructural survey of aloeswood tissue to know how the resin.deposit of aloeswood, and to know the standard feature ofaloeswood. The second is establishment of artificialinduction method of aloeswood. Two plantation siteswere used for experiment, one was in Matarum on Lombokisland and other was in Pekanbaru on Sumatra island.We have used a plantation of Gyrinops versteeghii inMataram, and that ofAquilaria sp. in Pekanbaru, Sumatra.And a fungus (Fusarium sp.) was induced artificially tothese stems.Materials and methodsStructural survey of aloeswoodAloeswood samples for structural survey were donatedfrom incense company (Shoyeido incense Co., Ltd.). Thesurface of aloeswood (especially end grain) was visuallyobserved, and classified into several groups by colorvariation and pattern of resin deposition. The resindeposition in tissue of aloeswood was anatomicallyobserved by light microscope, and compared by the visualclassification with naked eye.Artificial induction of aloeswoodFive trees of Gyrinops versteeghii from Lombok island wereused for experiment. These trees were planted in 1996,and DBH were 15-20 cm. Twelve trees of Aquilaria sp.from Pekanbaru in Sumatra island were used forexperiment. These trees were planted in 1986, and DBHwere 20-30 cm.Five fungi (Fusarium sp.) were isolated from Aloeswoodand named Fusarium trifosforium, Fusarium sp. 1, Fusarium sp.2, Fusarium sp.3, Fusarium sp.4.To inoculate the fungi in stems of Gyrinops versteeghii fandFig. 1. Structure of aloeswood from Vietnam. a) End grain, b) Photographof end grain by light microscopy: Brown resins deposited site wasmore often seen than yellow colored aloeswood. This tendency isnotable on ray and included phloem.*1 A part of this work was presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society in Fukuoka, March 2003.*2 Laboratory of Cell Structure and Function, Wood Research Institute, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan.*3 Research and Development Centre for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bogor, Indonesia.*4 University of Matarum, Matarum, Lombok, Indonesia.*5 Forest Products Research Institute, Bogor, Indonesia.- 11 -WOOD RESEARCH No. 90 (2003)Fig. 2. Around the holes of a fungi-innoculated tree. a) Color changed sitearound the hole: there is many variations of color, light brown to darkbrown. Sometimes this site be very elastic. b) Resin deposited site: Itscolor is also brown, but you can recognize by its tone.Aquilaria sp., we used hand drills. Eight holes wereopened for individual tree. four holes at breast height(120 em above the ground) and four holes at 30 em underthe breast height. The depth of the holes were approxi-mately 10 em, and the width were 1 em. After stuffing thefungi with culture medium, we plugged the hole by clay.ResultsStructural survey of aloeswoodThere are many types of color and shape on aloeswood,but many aloeswood have some injured sites on it. Andthere are light colored sites and dark colored site on it.On light colored site, resins were recognized on includedphloem and ray, suggesting the resin may be made in thesetissues.Artificial induction of aloeswoodResin deposition occurs around the drilled site, abovethe term of treatment or differences of species of wood andfungi. Observed on flat grain, resin deposits site seemedlike a oval surrounded the hole. Resin deposits severalmilimetres above from the hole on longitudinal direction,and contact with the hole on tangential direction (Fig. 2).DiscussionRamesh Rao and Dayal2) said resin deposition isremarkable on included phloem, so the resin was made inincluded phloem and deposited to other tissues. But lightcolored part of aloeswood, resin deposits in includedphloem and ray. And wood blocks around the fungiinduced, had also resin on included phloem and ray. Wethink the resin may be made not only in included phloembut also in ray cells.Resin deposition occurred not only in fungi-innoculatedtrees but also in control trees. Further, hyphae invaded intissue of control, so it is difficult to conclude that theformation of aloeswood is induced by some fungi.There were no differences on three terms of treatment(half year, one year, one and half year). We must trymore shorter time span than half year.References1) K. OGATA: "Identification of South-east Asian Wood",Wood Technological Association of Japan, pp.85 (1985).2) R. RAMESH and K.R. DAYAL: IAWA Bulletin n.s.) Vol. 13(2),p. 163--":172 (1992).- 12-

Structural Survey and Artificial Induction of Aloeswood

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Structural Survey and Artificial Induction of Aloeswood

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