Clément Dondé

Romain Rey

Thierry D’Amato

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  109Psychiatria Danubina, 2018; Vol. 30, No. 1, pp 109-111  Letter to Editor © Medicinska naklada - Zagreb, Croatia DERMATOGLYPHICS PATTERNS ABNORMALITIES AS PUTATIVE MARKERS OF PSYCHOMETRIC-RISK FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA  Clément Dondé1,2,3,4, Thierry D’Amato1,2,3,4,5 & Romain Rey1,2,3,4,5 1Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, ΨR2 Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France 2University of Lyon, Lyon, France 3University of Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France 4Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France 5Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France *  *  *  *  *  Dear editor,  It is commonly theorized that schizophrenia (SZ) stems from neurodevelopmental disruption arising from interactions between genetic risk factors and environmental insults. This process is expressed across a dynamic continuum of related psychotic mani-festations, ranging from high-risk state for psychosis to schizotypy to full-blown clinical SZ. In line with this model, identifying reliable phenotypic markers of attenuated forms of SZ is an important issue as a significant proportion of these patients will go on develop full-blown SZ in a short period (Cannon 2008). Notably, it has been ascertained that patients with SZ display significant dermatoglyphic patterns abnormalities compared to healthy controls in a recent meta-analysis (Golembo-Smith et al. 2012). Der-matoglyphics are epidermal lines of the skin that can be observed on fingers and handprints. Dermato-glyphics abnormalities (DA) are thought to be underpinned by both genetics and environmental prenatal contributors to vulnerability for psychosis (i.e. prenatal maternal infections, stress experiences) that disrupt the embryo’s ectodermal tissue from which develop both the epidermis and brain structures that are impaired in SZ (King 2009). Dermatoglyphics measures show many advantages as they can be performed in a non-invasive, inexpensive and quickly fashion, they are not prone to recall bias and provide continuous data.  However, in order to stand as a reliable marker of risk for SZ, DA should be present at all psychosis continuum stages that are thought to be etiologically related to SZ, such as high-risk state for psychosis and schizotypy. Furthermore, relevant biomarkers for early stages of SZ are still missing. To better demonstrate the value of DA as a marker for these attenuated forms of SZ and see if DA hold along a clinical continuum of psychotic manifestations, we conducted a systematic review of the PubMed database using the following headings: (Dermatoglyphic*) AND (Psychos* OR Schizotyp* OR Prodrom*). The criteria for inclusion were: (i) patients with psychometrically-identified high-risk state for psychosis and schizotypy, (ii) der-matoglyphic measures, (iii) comparison with healthy controls. The search returned 41 records from which 9 plus 1 from citation lists were reviewed. Extracted data are provided in Table. Two main types of dermatoglyphics measures were conducted: counts of various dermato-glyphic features and degree of fluctuating dermato-glyphic asymmetry (the absolute difference of der-matoglyphic features between counts of left and right hand). A higher degree of dermatoglyphic asymmetry was observed in subjects with ultra high risk of SZ (Russak et al. 2016, Mittal et al. 2012). Results pro-vided for patients with schizotypy remain hetero-geneous, with only few studies showing overall sig-nificant differences in dermatoglyphic features bet samples (Weinstein et al. 1999, Chok et al. 2005, Chok & Kwapil 2005). However, “negative forms” of schizotypy with higher levels of physical and social anhedonia show a strong tendency to exhibit more DA than other clinical presentations of the disease (Bar-rantes-Vidal et al. 2003, Rosa et al. 2004, Chok et al. 2005), which is consistent with the higher association of negative symptoms with global developmental deviance (van Os et al. 1998). Significant differences between controls and schizotypy may be gender-rela-ted, likely related to sex differences seen in psychosis and neurodevelopment (Daly et al. 2008). Interes-tingly, there was no significant difference between schizotypy and conduct disorder/other personality disorder, which raises the hypothesis that neuro-developmental disruption is also implicated in such disorders (Weinstein et al. 1999) (Table 1). Our review helps to delineate DA as a potentially reliable marker of psychometric-risk for SZ, although large samples studies are still required to use such measure as diagnostics. We encourage the measure of dermatoglyphics patterns in predisposed sample to detect at-risk subjects for SZ and help reducing the duration of untreated psychosis, especially in cases with high anhedonic symptoms. Finally, we think DA show relevance to better elucidate etiological pro-cesses involved in SZ-spectrum. Clément Dondé, Thierry D’Amato & Romain Rey: DERMATOGLYPHICS PATTERNS ABNORMALITIES AS PUTATIVE MARKERS  OF PSYCHOMETRIC-RISK FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA          Psychiatria Danubina, 2018; Vol. 30, No. 1, pp 109-111    110Table 1. Summary of studies comparing dermatoglyphic features between predisposed samples for schizophrenia and controls   Clément Dondé, Thierry D’Amato & Romain Rey: DERMATOGLYPHICS PATTERNS ABNORMALITIES AS PUTATIVE MARKERS  OF PSYCHOMETRIC-RISK FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA          Psychiatria Danubina, 2018; Vol. 30, No. 1, pp 109-111    111Acknowledgements: None. Conflict of interest: None to declare.  References 1. 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Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156:617–23   Correspondence: Clément Dondé; MD INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, ΨR2 Team,  Lyon Neuroscience Research Center; Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier CH Le Vinatier, Batiment 416, 95 boulevard Pinel,  BP 300 39; 69 678 Bron cedex, France E-mail: clement.donde-coquelet@ch-le-vinatier.fr 

DERMATOGLYPHICS PATTERNS ABNORMALITIES AS PUTATIVE MARKERS OF PSYCHOMETRIC-RISK FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA

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