The material composition of the gold-containing tailings of the flotation beneficiation of the Zholymbet ore deposit was studied. It was determined that the samples contain 0,9 g/t of gold, 1,22 g/t of silver. The flotation technologices of technogenic gold-containing raw materials with the use of basic and ultramicroheterogeneous flotation reagents were developed. The content of gold in a draft gold concentrate, in comparison with the basic mode, increases by 2,28 g/t - with 19,56 to 21,84 g/t. The extraction of gold in concentrate increased - by 5,52 % - with 66,07 % to 71,59 %. Thus the consumption of collectors is cut for 50 g/t, with 130 to 80 g/t

Barmenshinova, M. B.

Mukhanova, A. A.

Samenova, N. O.

Toilanbay, G. A.

Toktagulova, K. N.

Yessengaziyev, A. M.

English

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777METALURGIJA 61 (2022) 3-4, 777-780A.A. MUKHANOVA, A.M. YESSENGAZIYEV,  M.B. BARMENSHINOVA, N.O. SAMENOVA,  G.A. TOILANBAY, K.N. TOKTAGULOVAIMPROVEMENT OF THE TECHNOLOGY RELATED  GOLD-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS WITH THE USE OF ULTRAMICROHETEROGENEOUS FLOTOREAGENTReceived – Primljeno: 2022-02-09Accepted – Prihvaćeno: 2022-03-10Preliminary Note – Prethodno priopćenjeThe material composition of the gold-containing tailings of the flotation beneficiation of the Zholymbet ore  deposit was studied. It was determined that the samples contain 0,9 g/t of gold, 1,22 g/t of silver. The flotation technologic-es of technogenic gold-containing raw materials with the use of basic and ultramicroheterogeneous flotation rea-gents were developed. The content of gold in a draft gold concentrate, in comparison with the basic mode,  increases by 2,28 g/t - with 19,56 to 21,84 g/t. The extraction of gold in concentrate increased - by 5,52 % - with 66,07 % to 71,59 %. Thus the consumption of collectors is cut for 50 g/t, with 130 to 80 g/t.Keywords: flotation, tailings, gold, ultramicroheterogeneous flotation reagent, X-ray research.ISSN 0543-5846METABK 61(3-4) 777-780 (2022)UDC – UDK 661.185:66.066:546.59:66.023:539.26=111INTRODUCTIONSpecial attention should be paid to the combined use of ionic and apolar collectors in the field of mineral pro-cessing, whose combination ensures high efficiency of the flotation process. The initial hydrophobization of minerals with ionic collectors followed by the introduc-tion of an apolar reagent that is fixed on the surface ar-eas with a hydrophobized ionic reagent, can significant-ly improve the technological parameters of the flotation process [1, 2]. The reasonable use of this flotation meth-od opens up prospects for the use of apolar reagents.Glembotsky V.A. et al. note in their works [3] that, since apolar reagents are insoluble in water, the surface fixation is the easier, the less it is hydrated. Minerals exhibiting the highest natural hydrophobic properties actively interact with apolar reagents. Since apolar col-lectors cannot displace water from the mineral surface, the apolar reagent fixation occurs in a droplet form [4, 5], and if the number of droplets is sufficient, then they combine to form a continuous apolar layer of the rea-gent on the surface of the mineral. It has also been es-tablished that the nature of the relationship between the apolar collector and the surface of the mineral is typical for physical adsorption.To date, there is a marked increase in interest in or-ganosulfur compounds of oil in terms of their use in the flotation of polymetallic ores. [6-9]. Sulfur organic compounds of oil were considered as an undesirable and harmful component of many petroleum products but now technological processes are being developed and mastered, providing for the separation of organic sulfur-containing compounds from petroleum products. It is noted that organic sulfur compounds of oil mainly consist of sulfides, thiophenes and mercaptans, and 80,0 – 95,0 % of sulfides and thiophenes have various structures.The purpose of this work was to develop the reagent flotation mode for technogenic gold-containing raw materials from the Zholymbet deposit using an ultrami-croheterogeneous flotation agent [10]. An ultramicro-heterogeneous flotation reagent was obtained based on butyl xanthate and high-sulfur dehydrated oil from the Zhanazhol field. A stable emulsion of ultramicrohetero-geneous flotation reagents was obtained due to high-frequency ultrasonic treatment.Ultramicroheterogeneous flotation reagents can si-multaneously contain microemulsions and microemul-sion bubbles of sulfur-containing organic compounds of petroleum nature that implies an increase in the flota-tion efficiency of sulfide minerals.The tailings of the gold-containing ore beneficiation from the Zholymbet deposit were used as an object of study. At the beneficiation plants of Kazakhstan - Aksu, Bestobe and Zholymbet - over 25,6 million tons of waste - gold-containing tailings - have been accumu-lated. For example, it occupies an area of 88,5 ha in the waste dumps of the Zholymbet deposit. Gold in these beneficiation products is represented by three morpho-genetic types: dispersed microscopic gold in pyrites, vein native gold, gold in metasomatic quartz veins [11-12]. In this regard, it is of great interest to develop in-A.A.Mukhanova, A.M.Yessengaziyev (a.yessengaziyev@satbayev.uni-versity), M.B. Barmenshinova, N.O. Samenova, G.A. Toilanbay, K.N. Toktagulova. Satbayev University, “Instutute Metallurgy and Ore Ben-eficiation” JSC, Almaty, Kazakhstan778  METALURGIJA 61 (2022) 3-4, 777-780A.A. MUKHANOVA et al.: IMPROVEMENT OF THE TECHNOLOGY RELATED GOLD-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS…novative solutions for their involvement in commercial operation using modern physical and chemical technol-ogies, often different from the main technologies for the extraction and beneficiation of gold ore deposits of this type.EXPERIMENTAL PART AND DISCUSSION  OF THE RESULTSStudies have been performed to research the mate-rial composition of the initial tailings of flotation bene-ficiation. X-ray fluorescence analysis of the original ore was performed on a PANalyical Venus 200 X-ray fluo-rescence spectrometer with wave dispersion / %: 23,776 Si, 55,264 O, 7,342 Al, 3,586 Ca, 0,831 K, 4,726 Fe, 0,499 Ti. Chemical analysis showed that in the studied initial tailings, the gold content is 0,9 g/t, the silver con-tent is 1,22 g/t.X-ray phase analysis of these tails was performed with a D8 Advance diffractometer (BRUKER), Cu-Kα radiation with the results shown in Table 1.Table 1  Results of X-ray fluoresconse analysis of gold-containing tailingsCompound NameFormula Compound contents / %Quartz SiO2 62,07Clinoclore, ferroan(Mg2.8Fe1.7Al1.2)(Si2.8Al1.2)O10(OH)8 11,32Albite AlNaO8Si3 10,14Calcite CaO3 9,14Muscovite KAl2(Si,Al)4 O10(OH)2 4,02Riebeckite Na2Fe3Fe2Si8O22(OH)2 3,31Dispersion analysis was performed to determine the particle size distribution of technogenic raw materials. The results of the dispersion analysis of gold by size classes are shown in Figure 1.Figure 1  Results of dispersion analysis of gold-containing tailings from Zholymbet depositIt was found that most part of the gold (43,75 – 59,95 %) is concentrated in the fraction - 10 + 0 μm under the variance analysis.Studies intended to determine the optimal condi-tions for the flotation of gold-containing tailings using Table 2  Results of flotation of gold-containing tailings at various collector rates and at various grindingName of products Exit / %ContentАu / g/tExtraction Аu / %Experiment conditionsDraft Au  concentrate. 1,0 30,68 33,94 grinding -79,32%BCs –80 g/tТ- 80 – 50 g/tIntermediate  product 21,.94 2,82 6,05Intermediate  product 15,72 1,8 11,39Foam otation concentrate2,64 3,2 9,34Tails 88,7 0,4 39,25Source ore 100 0,90 100Draft Au  concentrate. 0,9 32,66 32,55 grinding – 89,04%BCs –80 g/tТ- 80 – 50 g/tIntermediate  product 21,96 2,8 6,07Intermediate  product 17,12 1,72 13,57Foam otation concentrate5,58 1,83 11,32Tails 84,44 0,39 36,47Source ore 100 0,90 100Draft Au  concentrate. 2,38 24,68 58,24 grinding–79,32%BCs –130 g/tТ- 80 – 70 g/tIntermediate  product 22,76 0,29 0,79Intermediate  product 16,48 0,1 0,64Foam otation concentrate2,04 3,0 6,06Tails 86,34 0,4 34,24Source ore 100 1,0 100Draft Au  concentrate. 3,4 19,56 66,07 grinding–89,04%BCs –130 g/tТ- 80 – 70 g/tIntermediate  product 23,4 0,57 1,94Intermediate  product 18,48 0,59 5,02Foam otation concentrate3,3 1,31 4,31Tails 81,42 0,28 22,64Source ore 100 1,0 100Draft Au concen-trate. 2,2 12,45 30,35 grinding–79,32%BCs –180 g/tТ- 80 – 90 g/tIntermediate  product 22,64 2,2 6,43Intermediate  product 15,38 2,5 14,90Foam otation concentrate5,4 1,82 10,89Tails 84,38 0,4 37,40Source ore 100 0,90 100Draft Au concen-trate. 2,0 22,21 46,23 grinding–89,04%BCs –180 g/t Т- 80 – 90 g/tIntermediate prod-uct 22,14 2,3 5,12Intermediate prod-uct 16,04 0,6 3,77Foam otation concentrate3,26 2,6 8,82Tails 86,56 0,4 36,04Source ore 100 0,96 100basic reagents were performed when the object of study was ground to 79,32 and 89,04 % according to the class - 71 microns. That is, the grinding fineness was con-779A.A. MUKHANOVA et al.: IMPROVEMENT OF THE TECHNOLOGY RELATED GOLD-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS…METALURGIJA 61 (2022) 3-4, 777-780trolled by the class of - 71 microns. Butyl xanthate was used at different rates of 80, 130 and 180 g/t.Tailings were prepared for research with regrinding in a ball mill 40 ML-000PS. Flotation studies were per-formed on laboratory flotation machines - FL-290, FM-1, FM-2.Direct flotation was adopted when the research on the flotation beneficiation of gold-containing tailings, was performed. The cycle was consisted of main and control flotation, two crude gold concentrate refining stages. Sodium sulfide was fed into grinding as a sulfidizing agent, copper sulphate was used as an acti-vator of gold, and soda was fed to the main and control flotation to create a pH of the medium at the rate of 8,5 – 9,0.Table 2 shows the results of tailings flotation at vari-ous collector flow rates and with product grinding of 79,32 and 89,04 % for the class of - 71 microns.Analysis of the obtained data under the basic flota-tion scheme shows that the optimal consumption of bu-tyl xanthate is 130 g/t. A rough concentrate was ob-tained with a gold content of 24,68 g/t with an extrac-tion of 58,24 % at grinding 79.32 % in the class of 71 microns; a rough concentrate with a gold grade of 19,56 g/t with an extraction of 66,07 % at grinding 89,04 % in the class of 71 microns. Thus, the most acceptable grinding fineness of gold-containing tailings was estab-lished – 89,04 % in the class of 71 microns.Further experiments were performed using an ultra-microheterogeneous flotation agent, with flow rates (80, 100 and 150 g/t) and with the grinding degree of raw materials – 89,04 % in the class of 71 microns. The consumption of foaming agent T-80 was 50 g/t. The re-sults of flotation experiments are presented in Table 3It follows from the obtained data shown in the table that the optimal consumption of ultramicroheterogene-ous flotation reagent is 80 g/t. In this case, a crude con-centrate was obtained with a gold grade of 21,84 g/t with a recovery of 71,59 %. The gold content in the concentrate increases by 2,28 g/t, the gold extraction into concentrate - by 5,52 %, while the reagent con-sumption is reduced to 50 g/t compared to the main technology, with the use of ultramicroheterogeneous flotation reagents.Images of a sample of the gold-containing rough con-centrate obtained on an electron probe microanalyzer of the brand JEOL JXA 8230 are shown in Figure 2.Table 3  Results of flotation of gold-containing tailings using an ultramicroheterogeneous flotation reagentName of products Exit / %ContentАu / g/tExtraction Аu / %Consumption of ultrami-croheteroge-neous ota-tion reagentDraft Au  concentrate. 2,98 21,84 71,59 80 g/tIntermediate  product 27,36 0,6 4,85Intermediate  product 123,18 0,3 7,65Foam otation concentrate2,3 0,7 1,77Tails 64,18 0,2 14,12Source ore 100 0,9 100Draft Au concen-trate. 2,84 20,6 64,77 100 g/tIntermediate  product 26,26 0,6 4,15Intermediate  product 119,6 0,3 6,51Foam otation concentrate5,24 0,45 2,61Tails 66,06 0,3 21,94Source ore 100 0,90 100Draft Au concen-trate. 1,8 22,54 45,37 150 g/tIntermediate prod-uct 24,96 1,6 8,87Intermediate prod-uct 123,6 0,5 13,19Foam otation concentrate4,18 0,7 3,27Tails 65,46 0,4 29,28Source ore 100 0,89 100Figure 2  Micro-probe analysis of gold-containing rough concentrateElectron probe microanalysis has shown the pres-ence of fine gold inclusions in sulfide minerals such as pyrite.The analysis results of original gold-containing tail-ings contain compounds / %: O - 6,64; Na – 3,64; S – 45,82; Fe – 32,39; Au – 11,32.Thus, it has been established that gold in the concen-trate is in the form of thin (micron) inclusions in miner-als of gangue.CONCLUSIONSThe material composition of gold-containing tech-nogenic raw materials has been studied. Under the re-sults of X-ray fluorescence and chemical analysis in the original sample, the main mass is / wt. %: 23,776 Si, 55,264 O, 7,342 Al, 3,586 Ca, 0,831 K, 4,726 Fe, 0,499 Ti. The gold content in the raw material is 0,9 g/t, the silver content is 1,22 g/t. The following minerals are present in the composition of the sample of gold-con-780  METALURGIJA 61 (2022) 3-4, 777-780A.A. MUKHANOVA et al.: IMPROVEMENT OF THE TECHNOLOGY RELATED GOLD-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS…taining tailings / % according to the results of X-ray diffraction analysis: quartz – 62,07, clinochlore – 11,32, albite – 10,14, calcite – 9,14, muscovite – 4,02, ribescite – 3,31.The reagent flotation mode of technogenic gold-containing raw materials has been developed with the use of main and ultramicroheterogeneous flotation rea-gents. In the optimal basic mode (grinding 89,04% ac-cording to the class of 71 microns, the consumption of butyl sodium xanthate 130 g/t), a gold-containing con-centrate was obtained with a gold content of 19,56 g/t when 66,07 % is extracted. A gold-containing concen-trate with an gold content of 21,84 g/t was obtained with a recovery of 71,59 % AS a result of the use of ultrami-croheterogeneous flotation reagents. An analysis of comparison with the base technology showed that the gold content in the concentrate increases by 2,28 g/t, the gold recovery into concentrate by 5,52 %, while the rea-gent consumption decreases to 50 g/t.Acknowledgments:The study was performed with the financial support of the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant No. AP08052653).REFERENCES[1] Glembotskiy V.A. Problems of with the help of apolar col-lectors in floatation, Non-ferrous metals (1983) 8, 96-98.[2] Patrakov Yu. F., Semenova S. A., Klein M. 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All-Union Conference on the Development of the Productive Forces of Siberia, Novosibirsk (1980), 215-225.[7] Tusupbayev N.K., Semushkina L.V., Turysbekov D.K., Bekturganov N.S., Mukhamedilova A.M. Modified rea-gents using for flotation tailings recycling, Complex Use of Mineral Resources (2017) 1, 78-82.[8] Mukhanova A., Tussupbayev N., Turysbekov D., Yessen-gaziyev A. Improvement of the selection technology of copper-molybdenum concentrate with the use of modified flotoragents, Metalurgija (2022) 1, 221-224.[9] Semushkina L.V., Tussupbayev N.K., Turysbekov D.K., Narbekova S.М. Prospects for the processing of technoge-nic gold-bearing raw materials using a microemulsion of a composite flotation reagent, Obogashchenie Rud (2021) 5, 40-45.[10] Yessengaziyev A.M., Barmenshinova M.B., Bilyalova S.M., Mukhanova A.A., Muhamedilova А.М. Study of the stability of the emulsion of ultramicroheterogeneous flota-tion reagents obtained by the method of ultrasonic disper-sion, Complex Use of Mineral Resources (2020), 65-75. DOI: 10.31643/2020/6445.28[11] Gold mining industry of Kazakhstan [electronic resource]. – URL: https://zolotodb.ru/article/11194/?page=all (acces-sed 2.09.2021).[12] Koyzhanova A.K., Kenzhaliev B.K., Magomedov D.R., Abdyldaev N.N. Development of a combined processing technology for low-sulfide gold-bearing ores, Obogashc-henie Rud (2021) 2, 3-8.Note:  The responsible translator for English languages is Kurash Ana-stasia Alekseyevna, Almaty, Kazakhstan.

Improvement of the technology related gold-containing raw materials with the use of ultramicroheterogeneous flotoreagent

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Improvement of the technology related gold-containing raw materials with the use of ultramicroheterogeneous flotoreagent

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