The paper presents the results of studies intended to separate minerals by density in a heavy liquid. Chemical analysis found that the manganese content amounts to 16,32 % in the studied sludge sample. Manganese sludge was separated by specific gravity in M-45 heavy liquid (the aqueous solution of a complex salt of barium iodides and cadmium with a density of 3 000 kg/m3). The tailings sample was fractioned by specific gravity in the material with a particle size of -2,5 + 1,0 mm; -1,0 + 0,5 mm and -0,5 + 0 mm. The manganese content in the heavy fraction of 3 000 kg/m3 was 32,5 %. The manganese content in the light fraction varied from 1,7 to 2,5 %. Light fractions were represented by aggregates of quartz and calcite with manganese minerals. According to X-ray phase analysis, heavy fractions were mainly represented by minerals braunite, bixbyite, barite and hematite

Abdykirova, G.

Bondarenko, I.

Kuldeyev, E.

Motovilov, I.

Tastanov, E.

Temirova, S.

English

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321METALURGIJA 61 (2022) 2, 321-324S. TEMIROVA, G. ABDYKIROVA, E. KULDEYEV, E. TASTANOV,I. BONDARENKO, I. MOTOVILOVON THE POSSIBILITY TO OBTAIN MANGANESE CONCENTRATE FROM MANGANESE-CONTAINING TAILINGSReceived – Primljeno: 2021-09-01Accepted – Prihvaćeno: 2021-10-30Original Scientific Paper – Izvorni znanstveni radS. Temirova (stemirova@mail.ru), G. Abdykirova, E. Kuldeyev, E. Tas-tanov, I. Bondarenko, I. Motovilov. Satbayev University, Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Benefi ciation, Almaty, KazakhstanThe paper presents the results of studies intended to separate minerals by density in a heavy liquid. Chemical anal-ysis found that the manganese content amounts to 16,32 % in the studied sludge sample. Manganese sludge was separated by specific gravity in M-45 heavy liquid (the aqueous solution of a complex salt of barium iodides and cadmium with a density of 3 000 kg/m3). The tailings sample was fractioned by specific gravity in the material with a particle size of -2,5 + 1,0 mm; -1,0 + 0,5 mm and -0,5 + 0 mm. The manganese content in the heavy fraction of 3 000 kg/m3 was 32,5 %. The manganese content in the light fraction varied from 1,7 to 2,5 %. Light fractions were represented by aggregates of quartz and calcite with manganese minerals. According to X-ray phase analysis, heavy fractions were mainly represented by minerals braunite, bixbyite, barite and hematite.Keywords: manganese-containing tailings, extraction, heavy liquid, manganese concentrate, X-ray researchINTRODUCTIONWaste of the manganese ore beneficiation can be-come an alternative source for the production of manga-nese products due to depletion of manganese ore resourc-es with high manganese content. Given the huge reserves of manganese-containing sludge, the development of technological solutions to extract manganese from them is an urgent scientific and industrial problem [1-5].The beneficiation ability of manganese-containing raw materials is based on their technological properties determined by the content of manganese, silica, iron, phosphorus, the peculiarity of their distribution by min-eral components; raw materials, as well as by the con-tent of harmful impurities complicating this process and by mineralogical and petrographic composition, struc-tural and textural features of the physical, mechanical and physical, chemical properties of minerals and min-eral complexes of the ore and by the degree of contrast of these properties [6-9].According to the beneficiation ability degree, man-ganese ores are divided into easily beneficiated, medi-um beneficiated, rebellious ores and shipping ores.Some small beneficiation plants in the Republic of Kazakhstan engaged in ore mining and processing of manganese ores use gravity dressing. Lumpy and finely dispersed manganese concentrates are produced by siev-ing, with the extraction of not more than 60 – 70 wt. % MnO. The undersize screen product, the so-called “ore ISSN 0543-5846METABK 61(2) 321-324 (2022)UDC / UDK 661.87.002.68:66.061.1:621-498:546.711/66.082:539.26=111screening” and “sludge”, are stored in grade stockpiles. These products contain a residual amount of metal that is not recovered during the beneficiation process according to the crushing-screening (washing) scheme, where the finished product is the undersize screen product.Studies of dump samples have shown that the manga-nese content in them varies in the range from 5 to 19 %.MATERIALS AND METHODSThe object of the study was manganese-containing technogenic raw materials with a particle size of less than 10 mm. The manganese content in the sludge was 16,32 %The following analysis methods were used to iden-tify the composition of the original raw material sources and the products produced, i.e. mineralogical, chemical, X-ray phase, X-ray fluorescence ones.Equipment: atomic emission spectrometer Optima 2000 DV; X-ray diffractometer D8 Advance BRUKER, Table 1  Results of X-ray fluorescence analysis of manganese-containing sludgeComponents Components content / % ComponentsComponents content / %O 44,64 K 0,26Mn 16,32 Ca 16,63Fe 4,68 Ti 0,17Na 0,28 As 0,04Mg 0,83 Cu 0,01Al 1,38 Zn 0,07Si 7,04 Sr 0,13P 0,02 Ba 6,52S 0,07 Pb 0,002322  METALURGIJA 61 (2022) 2, 321-324S. TEMIROVA et al.: ON THE POSSIBILITY TO OBTAIN MANGANESE CONCENTRATE FROM MANGANESE...Cuα-radiation; X-ray fluorescence spectrometer Axios PANalytical B.V.; microscope MIN-8 (transmitted light).The results of X-ray fluorescence analysis of the original raw material are presented in Table 1. The original ore sludge (-5,0 +0 mm) was crushed to a size of -2,5 + 0 mm and was dispersed into classes of -2,5 + 1,0 mm; -1,0 + 0,5 mm and -0,5 + 0 mm.The content and distribution of manganese and iron were determined in each size class. The content of man-ganese and iron in -2,5 + 1; -1,0 + 0,5 and -0,5 + 0 mm size classes were 17,5 %; 12 %; and 10,1 %, respec-tively. The fractional analysis of the identified classes of manganese-containing sludge was performed in M-45 grade heavy liquid that is a complex salt of bari-um and cadmium iodides (BaJ2 CdJ2) with a density of 2 600 kg/m3; 2 850 kg/m3 and 3 000 kg/m3.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThe size of particles in a sludge sample was deter-mined by sieving with a mechanical analyzer using 2,0; 1,0; 0,5; 0,315; 0,16; 0,1 mm sieves. The content and distribution of manganese and iron according to the size classes of the studied manganese-containing sludge are shown in Figures 1 and 2.It follows from the results of granulometric analysis of manganese-containing sludges (Figures 1, 2), that the largest mass is represented by +0,5 mm size class and is 68,93 %, the other size classes vary from 3,85 % to 14,25 %.Semi-quantitative X-ray phase analysis was per-formed based on diffraction patterns of powder samples using the method of equal portions and artificial mix-tures. The quantitative ratios of the crystalline phases were determined (Table 2).Interpretation of diffraction patterns was performed using the ASTM Powder diffraction file and diffraction patterns of minerals free of impurities.X-ray phase analysis showed that the main rock-forming minerals in the ore include calcite − 41 %, quartz − 13 %, barite − 6 %; hematite − 5 %. Manga-nese minerals are represented by braunite Mn7O8(SiO4) − 10 %; bixbyite, ferrian FeMnO3 – 10 and iron manga-nese Fe3Mn7 − 3 %.The examination of the polished section under a bin-ocular magnifying glass shows that the ore is represent-ed by grains of manganese minerals (about 20-25 %) of irregular and oval shape, brownish and black, with a metallic luster. The nonmetallic component is repre-sented by: quartz, calcite, barite.Braunite Mn7O8(SiO4) is a fine-grained, xenomorphic aggregate. The grain size of brownite reaches up to 2 mm and amounts to 10 – 15 % (of the polished sec-tion). Braunite with bixbyite are more often intergrown with each other in a nonmetallic mass and the grain size reach-es 535 microns with an increase of 100; the grains are free; the degree of opening is high. Figure 3 shows braunite substituted with bixbyite in a nonmetallic mass.The sample often contains grains of iron hydroxides up to 700 microns in length (Figure 4).Bixbyite – sitaparite (FeMnO3) is cubic crystals, light gray, with moderate reflectivity, very similar to Figure 1 Manganese and iron content by size classesFigure 2 Distribution of manganese and iron by size classesTable 2  Results of X-ray phase analysis of a sample of manganese-containing sludgeCompound Name Formula S-Q / %Iron Manganese Ca(CO3) 41Quartz, syn SiO2 13Braunite-1Q, syn Mn7O8(SiO4) 10Bixbyite, ferrian FeMnO3 10Baryte BaSO4 6Pigeonite Mg0,69Fe0,23Ca0,08SiO35Dickite-2M1 Al2Si2O5(OH)4 6Hematite, syn Fe1,957O3 5Iron Manganese Fe3Mn7 3323S. TEMIROVA et al.: ON THE POSSIBILITY TO OBTAIN MANGANESE CONCENTRATE FROM MANGANESE...METALURGIJA 61 (2022) 2, 321-324braunite (Figure 5). It is found mainly in the relict with braunite and non-metallic mass; there are free grains. Bixbyite is 10 – 15 % of the polished section area. The grain size is up to 650 microns, at a magnification of 100.The fractional analysis is a quantitative assessment of the distribution of free mineral grains and inter-growths by dividing each class into fractions of differ-ent densities to construct curves of the minerals’ benefi-ciation ability [9].Fractional analysis of the selected classes -2,5 + 1,0; -1,0 + 0,5 and -0,5 + 0 mm of manganese-containing sludge was performed in the M-45 grade heavy liquid (complex salt of barium and cadmium iodides (BaJ2, CdJ2) with a density of 2 600 kg/m3; 2 850 kg/m3 and 3 000 kg/m3. The results of fractional analysis of the sludge sam-ple of 0 – 2,5 mm class show that the bulk of the sample is in the range of densities of 2 650 – 2 850 kg/m3 and is 38,3 %, the fraction with a density of less than 2 650 kg/m3 is 16,9 %. Based upon the range of densities and microscopy, light fractions are represented by inter-growths of quartz and calcite.The yield of the heavy fraction over 3 000 kg/m3 was 35,9 %, which is repre-sented by free manganese min-erals and intergrowths of rock-forming minerals.The manganese content in heavy fractions is 30 - 32 %.It is possible to precipitate light fractions with a den-sity of less than 2 850 kg/m3 from all investigated size classe s. For example, when dividing the size classes -2,5 + 1,0 mm and -1,0 + 0,5 the yield of a fraction with a density of less than 2 850 kg/m3 will be 24,65 % and 15,16 %, respectively, with a manganese content from 1,7 to 2,5 %.CONCLUSIONThe material composition of iron-manganese-con-taining technogenic raw materials with a content of manganese 16,32 % and iron 5,9 % has been studied.The main valuable minerals are Braunite-1Q − 10 %, Bixbyite, ferrian − 10 %, Iron Manganese − 3 %. Among the rock-forming minerals, calcite predomi-nates up to 41 % and quartz up to 13 %. Fractional analysis of the selected classes -2,5 + 1,0; -1.0 + 0,5 and -0,5 + 0 mm was performed from manga-nese sludge. The M-45 solution (complex salt of barium and cadmium iodides (BaJ2.CdJ2)) was used as a heavy liquid. The results of fractional analysis of the sludge sam-ple of -2,5 + 0 mm class show that the bulk of the sam-ple is in the density range of 2 650 – 2 850 kg/m3 and amounts to 38,3 %, the fraction with a density of less than 2 650 kg/m3 amounts to 16,9 %.Based on the range of densities and microscopy, light fractions are represented by intergrowths of quartz and calcite.The heavy fraction contains manganese 30,0 – 32,0 % and iron more than 9,0 %. The results of the fractional analysis of manganese-containing sludge with a size class of -2,5 + 0 mm indicate the possible production of manganese concentrate by the gravity method (jigging, concentration table, and other devic-es), intended for the concentration of ores by specific gravity.Figure 3  Braunite substituted with bixbyite in nonmetallic mass, magnification is 100Figure 4  Iron hydroxides in intergrowth with calcite, magnification is 100Figure 5  Grain of bixbyite in a relic with braunite and in the intergrowth of a nonmetallic mass, magnification is 200324  METALURGIJA 61 (2022) 2, 321-324S. TEMIROVA et al.: ON THE POSSIBILITY TO OBTAIN MANGANESE CONCENTRATE FROM MANGANESE...AcknowledgmentsThis research has been funded by the Science Com-mittee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant No. AP09258880).REFERENCES[1] Zhunusov A., Tolymbekova L., Abdulabekov Ye., Zhold-ubayeva Zh., Bykov P. Agglomeration of manganese ores and manganese containing wastes of Kazakhstan, Metalur-gija 60 (2021) 1-2, 101-103.[2] Abdykirova, G.Z., Tanekeeva, M.S., Sydykov, A.E., Dio-senova, S.B. Production of electrolytic manganese dioxide from purified solutions after the leaching of manganese-bearing slurry, Steel in Translation 46 (2016) 5, 319-321.[3] Sariev O.R., Dossekenov M.S., Kelamanov B.S., Abdi-rashit A.M. High-carbon ferromanganese smelting on high-base slags, Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ (2020) 4, 63-73. [4] Shevko V. M., Aitkulov D. K., Badikova A. D., Tuleyev M. A. Ferroalloy production from ferrosilicon manganese dusts, Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ (2021) 3, 43-50. [5] Kenzhaliyev B.K. Innovative technologies providing en-hancement of nonferrous, precious, rare earth metals ex-traction, Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ (2019) 3, 64-75.  [6] Rulev N. N., Turysbekov D. K., Semushkina L. V., Nar-bekova S. M. Combined microflotation of fine dispersed minerals, Tsvetnye Metally (2017) 9, 14-20.[7] Abdykirova, G., Toilanbay, G., Dyussenova, S., Kuldeyev, E. The study of beneficiation of manganese-containing raw materials, International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConfe-rence Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM, 43 (2017) 17, 197-204.[8] Telkov Sh. A., Raivich I. D., Bezginova L. I., Regularities of gravitational beneficiation ability of crushed ores of the main manganese deposits in Kazakhstan, Bulletin of Ka-zNTU (1995) 1, 37-40.[9] Gasik M. I. Manganese. Moscow: Metallurgy (1992), 607.Note:  The responsible for English language is A. Kurash, Almaty, Ka-zakhstan.

On the possibility to obtain manganese concentrate from manganese-containing tailings

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