Die vorliegende Arbeit versucht einen kurzen sozialhistorischen
Überblick über das Migrationsgeschehen in Deutschland zu
geben. Aus dem Auswanderungsland des 19. Jahrhunderts
wurde ein Einwanderungsland neuen Typs. Die Anwerbephase
der 60er-Jahre erweist sich retrospektiv als zeitliches
Bindeglied zum „Einwanderungsland wider Willen“. Obgleich
alle Beteiligten auf deutscher wie ausländischer Seite noch
lange am Gastarbeitermythos der baldigen Rückkehr in die
jeweiligen Herkunftsländer festhielten, traten mit verlängerten
Aufenthaltszeiten, Kettenwanderungen und verstärktem
Familiennachzug bereits die Konturen der zukünftigen
Einwanderungsgesellschaft Bundesrepublik immer deutlicher
zutage. Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit ist die Darstellung von
Arbeitsmigranten und anderen einzelnen Zuwanderergruppen
(Familennachzug, Spätaussiedler, jüdische Zuwanderung,
politische Flüchtlinge aus ehemaligen sozialistischen Ländern,
Asylzuwanderung, sonstige Flüchtlinge) sowie Fakten und
rechtliche Grundlagen der jeweiligen Zuwanderungsform.U radu su, u kontekstu socijalne povijesti, sintetizirana
migracijska iskustva koja su se događala u Njemačkoj. Iz
iseljeničke zemlje 19. stoljeća nastala je useljenička zemlja
novoga tipa. Razdoblje primanja radne snage, 1960-ih
godina, retrospektivno je pokazalo da je Njemačka postala
useljenička zemlja protiv svoje volje. Naime, iako su svi
sudionici – i iz Njemačke i među useljenicima – dugo
zadržavali "gastarbajterski" mit brzoga povratka u zemlje
podrijetla, nastale su – zbog dugih boravaka, lančanih
useljenja i pojačanih doseljenja članova obitelji – prve
konture useljeničkoga društva. Težište rada je – osim na
radnim migrantima – i na prikazu doseljeničkih grupa
(doseljavanje članova obitelji radnih migranata, obiteljska
doseljavanja Nijemaca iz drugih zemalja, doseljavanje
Židova, doseljavanja političkih prognanika iz bivših
socijalističkih zemalja te potencijalnih azilanata i ostalih
izbjeglica) te na činjenicama i pravnom okviru pojedinih
useljeničkih modela.In the paper the author synthesises, within the context of
social history, migration experiences that took part in
Germany. From a 19th century emigration country it has
become a new type of immigration country. The period of
accepting foreign workers in the 1960s proved
retrospectively that Germany had become an immigrant
country against its own will. Namely, although all the
participants – on the part of Germany and on the part of the
immigrants as well – had long nourished the \u27Gastarbeiter\u27
myth of a rapid return to their country of origin, because of their extended stay, chain immigration and immigration of
family members, the first contours of an immigration society
began to emerge. In addition to migrant workers, the paper
also focuses on the presentation of various immigrant groups
(immigration of family members of migrant workers,
immigration of German families from other countries,
immigration of Jews, immigration of political refugees from
former socialist countries and potential asylum seekers as
well as other refugees) and on facts and the legal framework
of certain immigration models
