Photomicrographs of cross-sections through the principal upper incisors of the South African Leporidae were evaluated for use in species identification. Differences in incisor width and the pattern of the enamel fold provide a reliable means of distinction between Lepus capensis and L. saxatilis. Incidental comparisons of incisor cross-sections of the South African L. capensis, including those from the type locality, and the taxonomically controversial L. europaeus reveal marked differences which may be useful in the delimitation of these taxa. Within Pronolagus, distinct differences were evident between the incisor patterns of P. rupestris and its congeners, P. crassicaudatus and P. randensis, which are similar with respect to this character. Similarly, striking differences were evident between the incisors of the monotypic Bunolagus monticularis and both L. saxatilis and, importantly in view of their close phenetic relationship, L. capensis
