Amongin, B

Ebiyou, J

Esele, JP

Okwi, B

Oryokot, J

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The performance pf advanced sorghum lines under diverse environment Uganda Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2000, 5:17-20 Printed in Uganda. All rights reserved ISST\ 1026-0919 ©2000 National Agricultural Research Organisation The performance of advanced sorghum lines under diverse environments Ebiyau J., Oryokot J., Esele J.P., Amongin 8 ., and Okwi B. Serere Agricultural and Animal Production Research Institute (SAARI) P.O.Soroti,Uganda. Abstract The objective of this experiment was to evaluate, under three diverse environments, the performa nce of advanced sorghum lines selected from uniform yield trials in 1995 and select stable high yielding, cultivars fo r further evaluation. Released sorghum varieties Sekedo (brown seeded type) was included as a check variety. The trial was conducted for two seasons in 1996 and 1997. Observations were made on yield, plant height, days to 50% flowering and disease responses. Yields between four selected entries at Serere T.V.C, Bukedea T.V.C and Ngetta T.V.C and aca·oss locations were not significavtly different from the checlc variety sekedo.AN 1/6/l/ produced the highest at SAARI and across locations during 1996-1997 cropping season, however yields were generally lower in Bukedea due to late planting, drought and severe sorghum midge attacks. AN l/6/11,3EX 88/1, LDRM 11/1/1 and 4MX/8 were selected based on earliness, yield potential, for further evaluation and they yielded 9-25% over the check variety Sekedo. The paper discusses the perfor·mance of only four selected advanced sorghum lines under diverse environments over a period of two cropping seasons 1996 and 1997. Key wo1·ds: Performance, sorghum lines, multi-location. Introduction Sorghum is the third most important cereal food crop grown in Uganda after maize and finger millet (F AO, 1995). The crop is grown throughout the country with greater concentrations in the drier areas of Eastern, Northern and Western Uganda. Sorghum has the ability to tolerate drought and give acceptable yields under marginal production environments. The main constraints limiting increased sorghum production in Uganda includes low genetic potential of local cultivars grown by fanners, long maturity period land sometimes poor grain quality. One of the main objectives of Sorghum Improvement Project at SAARl is to develop high yielding, stable and widely adapted varieties through gennplasm evaluation and breeding. Adaptation is an important consideration to be met prior to recommendation of a variety for release to fanners. At initial stages of testing, preliminary yield trials are evaluated at Serere Agricultural and Animal Production Research Institute (SAARI) environment, which does not represent all sorghum growing areas of Uganda. At the later stages of testing however, it is important to evaluate promising elite advanced sorghum lines over a wide range of environments to assess their performance and stability. · Objective To evaluate the perfonnance of24 advanced sorghum lines under diverse environments in order to identify and select stable high yielding sorghum lines for further evaluation on-fann and subsequent release to fanners. Materials and methods Twenty-four elite sorghum lines selected from advanced unifonn yield trials at SAARl were evaluated at three locations selected for the different growing conditions that they represent. This was done over a period of two seasons during first rains in 1996 and 1997 at:-Experimental sites Serere Agricultural and Animal Production Research Institute (SAARl) Eastern region, Soroti district representing areas of high rainfall with strong bio-model rainf'lt\1 distribution. n Ngetta District Farm Institute (DFI) Sub-Station of SAAR1 in Lira district, Northern region representing areas Of moderate rainfall with a tendency towards a mono-model distribution. iii Bukedea Technology Verification Centre (TV C) in Kumi district, Eastern region representing areas o f I o w rainfall but bimodal distribution. Experimental design A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three rep\ icates was used. Each plot consisted of five rows of 5-metre length. Plant spacing was 60 x 20 em thinned to one plant per stand. All plots were weeded twice as recommended. In each plot data was collected from three'·· centre rows. . Data was collected on plant stand, plant heights, days to 50% flowering and grain yield over two seas9ns and ······ 18 Ebiyau J, et at pooled across locations. The data was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOV A) using GENSTAT statistical package. Least Significant Difference (LSD) was used to compare treatment means. Amount ( m.m) and distribution of rain fall at Ngetta (Lira District) and Serere Agricultural and Animal Production Research Institute (Soroti District) in 1996 and 1997 is presented in Figure I. Soroti District received more rainfall than Lira District during the cropping season 1996 - 1997. At Bukedea Technology Verification Centre (T.V.C) there Rainfall in mm (..'1 0 .... 0 0 (1'1 0 ~ 0 0 !! (Q . -TI1c perlimnancc pf advanced sorghum lines under diverse environment 19 was no weather recording station therefore there was no infotmation obtained. Results and discussion The performance of the four best perfonning entries selected on the basis of ealiness, plant height and yield across the three divers environments is presented in Table 1 and 2. Entry AN 1/611 showed superiority in yield at SAAR£ and across location during 1996 and 1997 cropping season and out yielded sekedo the check variety by 25%. However the four selected varieties did not significantly differ from each other in each location and across locations, suggesting that all the four entries tested have attained wider adaptability across the diverse environments. Entry 3EX88/ I out yielded the check variety at I3ukedea Technology Veri fication centre (TVC). However, the low mean grain yield values obtained at Bukedea T.V.C were attr ibuted to several factors including, late planting, low rainfall, shootfly and sorghum midge attack during both years (Table I). Plant heights and days to flowering ranged from 114 to 179 em and 63 to 70 days to 50% flowering respectivelyacross locations. The four selected entries were generally mid height in Bukedea T. V.C probably due to the prevalent drought and lor low rainfall in the area (Table 2 and Figure 1). Entries AN 1/6/1 and 4MX 11/8 in Ngetta and Bukedea Technology verification centres significantly differed from the check variety sekedo in days to 50% flowering. from these results entries ANI/6/ l ,LDRM ll/1/ 1,3EX88/ J perform better under both marginal harsh conditions of low rain fall and under severe pest ( shootfly and midge) attack. ft would appear from the results that 3EX88/ I to more suited to low rainfall areas than the other three entries. This advantage disappears under high rainfall. Yields between four selected entries at Serere T.V.C and Ngetta T. V .C were therefore not significantly different from the check variety sekedo. The rainfall recieved in both places ·during the two years were not different in spite of this distribution. Table 1. Mean grain yields in Kgl ha of four selected sorghum genotypes at three diverse environments over 1996 and 1997 cropping seasons Location Entry AN116/1 3EX8811 LDRM111111 4MX11/8 SEKEDO Means CV(%) LSD (P=0.05) Bukedea 825 1181 667 618 1097 718 32.4 407 Ngetta 2833 2728 2767 2414 2136 1741 26.2 91 5 SAARI 3486 3021 3298 3144 2417 2532 22.8 1154 1\Jieans Locations 2381 2310 2244 2059 1883 1664 26.4 803 across % Control Sekedo 25.4 22.7 19. 2 9.3 Table 2. Mean Plant height and Days to 50% flowering from selected sorghum genotypes at three diverse environments during 199611997 cropping seasons. · Plant Height (in em) Days to 50% flowering Locations Bukedea Ngetta SAARI Means across Bukedea Ngetta SAARI Means across locations locations Entry AN 1/6/1 118 151 166 145 69 70 65 68 3EX 8811 119 151 161 144 66 68 66 67 LDRM1111 124 153 160 146 66 69 63 66 4 MX 1118 114 156 179 150 69 70 64 68 SEKEDO 119 147 172 146 65 67 66 66 Mean 131 170 179 160 69 72 68 70 CV{%) 4.9 4.0 7.2. 5.2 2.6 2.1 3.6 1.6 LSD (p =0.05) 4.0 14.0 25.7 16.0 3.8 3.2 4.4 2.0 20 Ebiyau J, et al References Belum, V.S., Reddy eta/ 1995: Sorghum breeding at ICRJSAT AsiaCentre p.5-16lnProc. Eighth EARSAM Regional Workshop on Sorghum and Millets, 30~~> Oct. - 4111 November 1992 Wad Medina, Sudan. Brehane Gebrikidan, 1980: Breeding and yield evaluation of hybrid sorghum and its Production prospects in Ethiopia. Ethiopia Journal of Agric. Sciences 2:107-114. Bidinge, F.R. and Mukuru, S.Z. 1995: Threshing percentage as an indicator of tolerance. Of tenninal drought stress in sorghum. In Pro c. ofEighth EARSAM Regional Workshop on Sorghum and Millets 30th Oct. - 5"' November 1992. Wad Medina, Sudan. Dogget, H. 1988: Sorghum (2•d Edition) Longman Scientific and Technical, Essex, England. Katema, T.M.,andKabede, Y.l995: Perfonnanccofsorghum hybrids in stress environments. ln Proc. of Eighth EARSAM Regional Workshop on Sorghum and Millets 30th Oct.- 5'h November, 1992. Wad Medina, Sudan. Steel, R.G. and Torie, J.H. 1980: Principle and procedures of statistics. 2"d Ed. New York. 

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The performance of advanced sorghum lines under diverse environments

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The performance of advanced sorghum lines under diverse environments

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