BIOMETRIA, QUALIDADE FISIOLÓGICA EM DIFERENTES TEMPERATURAS, SUBSTRATOS E TEMPOS DE ARMAZENAMENTO DE SEMENTES DE PAU PRETO (Cenostigma tocantinum)

Abstract

The objective was to analyze the biometric characteristics of fruits and seeds of Cenostigma tocantinum and the physiological quality at different temperatures, substrates and storage times. The length, width and thickness of fruits and seeds were measured and in the germination test the substrates sand, paper and vermiculite were used at temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35°C. Subsequently, the seeds were stored in a refrigerator for 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days. The fruits had a length of 9.76 cm, width of 2.21 cm, thickness of 0.78 cm and 3 seeds per fruit. While the seeds were 1.49 cm long, 1.34 cm wide and 0.43 cm thick. The substrates sand, paper and vermiculite did not show differences in germination at temperatures 20, 25 and 30 ºC. However, at the temperature of 35°C in the paper substrate, a decrease in germination was observed. During storage, germination remained stable up to 30 days with a reduction up to 120 days of storage. It was concluded that the best substrates for germination of C. tocantinum seeds were vermiculite at 25, 30, 35°C and sand at 35°C. Seeds showed early loss of viability during storage at 120 days.Objetivou-se analisar as características biométricas de frutos e sementes de Cenostigma tocantinum e a qualidade fisiológica em diferentes temperaturas, substratos e tempos de armazenamento. O comprimento, largura e espessura dos frutos e sementes foram mensurados e no teste de germinação utilizaram-se os substratos areia, papel e vermiculita nas temperaturas de 20, 25, 30 e 35 °C. As sementes foram armazenadas em refrigerador por 0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias e, posteriormente, avaliadas pelo teste de germinação. Os frutos apresentaram comprimento de 9,76 cm, largura de 2,21 cm, espessura de 0,78 cm e 3 sementes por fruto. As sementes apresentaram 1,49 cm de comprimento, 1,34 cm de largura e 0,43 cm de espessura. Nas variáveis germinação, plântulas normais e IVG valores superiores foram observados a 25 °C nos substratos papel e vermiculita, 30 °C na vermiculita e 35 °C na areia. Durante o armazenamento, a germinação manteve-se estável até 30 dias com redução até os 120 dias de armazenamento. Conclui-se que as melhores condições para o processo germinativo das sementes de C. tocantinum foram papel à 25 ºC, vermiculita à 25 e 30 °C e areia à 35 °C. As sementes apresentaram perda precoce de viabilidade durante o armazenamento. Palavras-chave: conservação de sementes, morfometria, qualidade fisiológica, substrato, viabilidade.   Biometry, physiological quality at different temperatures, substrates and storage times of pau preto seeds (Cenostigma tocantinum)   ABSTRACT: The objective was to analyze the biometric characteristics of Cenostigma tocantinum fruits and seeds and the physiological quality at different temperatures, substrates and storage times. The length, width and thickness of the fruits and seeds were measured and, in the germination, test the substrates sand, paper and vermiculite were used at temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C. The seeds were stored in a refrigerator for 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days and evaluated by the germination test. The fruits had a length of 9.76 cm, width of 2.21 cm, thickness of 0.78 cm and 3 seeds per fruit. The seeds were 1.49 cm length, 1.34 cm width and 0.43 cm thickness. In the germination, normal seedlings and GSI higher values ​​were observed at 25 °C on paper and vermiculite substrates, 30 °C on vermiculite and 35 °C on sand. During storage, germination remained stable up to 30 days with a reduction up to 120 days of storage. It was concluded that the best conditions for the germination process of C. tocantinum seeds were paper at 25 °C, vermiculite at 25 and 30 °C and sand at 35 °C. The seeds showed early loss of viability during storage. Keywords: seed conservation; morphometry; physiological quality; substrate; viability