Production and use of renewable energy sources has become an imperative for development
around the world, including Serbia. The aim of this paper is to study the possibilities of production and use of
renewable energy sources, especially bioethanol, as well as their place in the strategic objectives in the
energy sector in Serbia. For this purpose, we will firstly frame the policies related to the production of
renewable energy, and afterwards display the results of the cost-effectiveness of bioethanol production from
the most important domestic biomass-based feedstock - corn. Our assumption is that, despite the existence
of sufficient quantities of raw materials required for the production, knowledge, and the potential consumers
of bioethanol in Serbia, its wider use will not be possible without the application of a systematic approach,
especially without the development of adequate infrastructure in the production and use of energy resources
