Barker, G. C.

Calegario, R. F.

Chaves, A. L. R.

Eiras, M.

Greer, S. F.

Newbert, M. J.

Oliveira, A. M.

Rodrigues, L. K.

Walsh, John A.

Warwick Research Archives Portal Repository

Received: 28 September 2021 Accepted: 20October 2021DOI: 10.1002/ndr2.12045N EW D I S E A S E R E PORTFirst report of Turnip yellows virus in BrazilS.F. Greer1 M.J. Newbert1 L.K. Rodrigues2 A.M. Oliveira2 A.L.R. Chaves2R.F. Calegario3 G.C. Barker1 M. Eiras2 J.A.Walsh11 School of Life Sciences,Wellesbourne Campus, University ofWarwick,Wellesbourne,Warwick, United Kingdom2 Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Sanidade Vegetal, Instituto Biológico, CEP 04014-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil3 Departamento de Fitotecnia e Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 80035–050, Curitiba, PR, BrazilCorrespondenceJ.A.Walsh, School of Life Sciences,WellesbourneCampus,University ofWarwick,Wellesbourne,WarwickCV359EF,UnitedKingdomEmail: John.Walsh@warwick.ac.ukFunding informationBBSRC,Grant/AwardNumbers:BB/M017206/1,BB/J500070/1,BB/M017923/1; FundaçãodeAmparoàPesquisadoEstadodeSãoPaulo,Grant/AwardNumbers:2014/22594-2, 2015/50076-9, 2017/50334-3, 2018/17287-4;CoordenaçãodeAperfeiçoamentodePessoal deNível Superior;ConselhoNacional deDesenvolvi-mentoCientífico eTecnológicoKEYWORDSBrassicaceae, vegetables, virus aetiologyTurnip yellows virus (TuYV, family Solemoviridae, genus Polerovirus; syn.Beet western yellows virus, BWYV) has a single-stranded, positive-senseRNAgenome. It is phloem-limitedandaphid-transmitted in apersistent(circulative, non-propagative) manner. The virus represents a seriousthreat to Brazilian brassica production as it has been shown to causeyield losses of up to 65% in vegetable brassicas (Walsh et al., 2011). Inthe 1970’s and 1980’s, infections of wild radish plants with yellowingsymptoms in lower leaves were reported in Brazil, probably caused byBWYV (Kitajima, 2020) though the aetiology was not confirmed.In May 2017, a cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) plant withreddening of leaves was discovered in a commercial field in themunicipality of Araucária, Paraná State, Brazil (Fig. 1). Enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay of the symptomatic leaf tissue for TuYV (Hack-enberg et al., 2019) gave a clear positive result. No infection by Turnipmosaic virus (TuMV) or Cole latent virus (CoLV) was detected followingRNA extraction and RT-PCR with specific primers. Cauliflower mosaicvirus (CaMV) was not detected following DNA extraction and PCR.Mechanical inoculation of symptomatic leaf tissue to a range of indi-cator plants failed to detect the presence of any virus.In July 2021, leaves from six cabbage plants showing reddeningsymptoms in older leaves were collected from two commercial fieldsin the municipality of Ibiúna (Fig. 2), in the main vegetable brassica-producing region in São Paulo State, Brazil. The incidence of symp-tomatic plantswas c. 1%.All symptomatic plants testedbyRT-PCRwithThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, providedthe original work is properly cited.© 2021 The Authors.NewDisease Reports published by British Society for Plant Pathology and JohnWiley & SonsF IGURE 1 Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) plant in thefield in Araucária, Paraná, Brazil with reddening symptoms infected byTurnip yellows virus (right).TuYV-specific primers (Congdon et al., 2019) were infected. CaMV,CoLV, or TuMV were not detected in the symptomatic plants by PCRor RT-PCR.The TuYV genome of the Araucária isolate was reverse transcribed,PCR amplified and sequenced following Newbert (2016). SequencingNewDis Rep. 2021;44:e12045. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ndr2 1 of 2https://doi.org/10.1002/ndr2.120452 of 2 GREER ET AL.F IGURE 2 Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) plant in thefield in Ibiúna, São Paulo State, Brazil with reddening symptomsinfected by Turnip yellows virus.files were trimmed and assembled in SeqMan Pro (DNASTAR Laser-gene v15) using the program’s default parameters. Sequences wereassembled with at least a 40 nucleotide overlap at each end, to revealthe complete genome (5,615 nucleotides; Genbank Accession No.MZ313372). The Brazilian isolate shared the highest nucleotide iden-tity (93.6%) with an Australian TuYV isolate MK107 from oilseed rape(MT586590.1; Filardo et al., 2021). The Brazilian isolate’s P3 protein(ORF3, the most conserved TuYV protein) had 92.6% amino acid iden-tity with that of MK107 and the P5 coat protein read-through domain(ORF5 region of ORF3+5, the most variable region) had 95.7% aminoacid identity with that ofMK107.This is the first report of TuYV in Brazil. The finding hasbeen reported to the Ministry of Agriculture of Brazil (MAPA),which approved the notification (SEI process 21052.012367/2021-73,66/2021/DSV/SDA). Further work is required to determine the distri-bution and prevalence of TuYV and its impact on brassica cultivation inBrazil.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis study was supported BBSRC grants BB/M017206/1,BB/J500070/1andBB/M017923/1, Limagrain, theFAPESP-UniversityofWarwick Joint Fund, FAPESP grants 2014/22594-2, 2015/50076-9,2017/50334-3, 2018/17287-4, CAPES, Brazil, Finance Code 001,a CAPES Ph.D. fellowship, a FAPESP Ph.D. fellowship and a CNPqresearch fellowship.ORCIDS.F. Greer https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2425-0384M.Eiras https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7901-9107J.A.Walsh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7294-8701REFERENCESCongdon, B.S., Kehoe, M.A., Filardo, F.F. & Coutts, B.A. (2019) In-field capa-ble loop-mediated isothermal amplification detection of Turnip yellowsvirus in plants and its principal aphid vectorMyzus persicae. Journal of Viro-logicalMethods, 265, 15–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.12.014Filardo, F., Nancarrow, N., Kehoe, M., McTaggart, A.R., Congdon, B., Kumari,S., et al. (2021) Genetic diversity and recombination between Turnipyellows virus strains in Australia. Archives of Virology, 166, 813–829.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04931-wHackenberg, D., Asare-Bediako, E., Baker, A., Walley, P., Jenner, C., Greer,S., et al. (2020) Identification and QTL mapping of resistance to Turnipyellows virus (TuYV) in oilseed rape,Brassica napus. Theoretical and AppliedGenetics, 113, 383–393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-019-03469-zKitajima, E. (2020) An annotated list of plant viruses and viroids describedin Brazil (1926-2018). Biota Neotropica, 20, 1–101. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2019-0932Newbert,M.J. (2016) The genetic diversity of Turnip yellows virus in oilseedrape (Brassica napus) in Europe, pathogenic determinants, new sources ofresistance and host range. PhD Thesis, University ofWarwick.Walsh, J., Richards, A., Sharpe, C., Kevitt-Jack, J., Jones, J.D.G. & Mead,A. (2011) The incidence of Turnip yellows virus (TuYV) in overwin-tered cauliflower and Brussels sprout and the effect of the viruson yield quality and storage - Phase 1. Agriculture and HorticultureDevelopment Board final report FV 365, 1–11. https://ahdb.org.uk/fv-365-the-incidence-of-turnip-yellows-virus-tuyv-in-overwintered-cauliflower-and-brussels-sprout-and-the-effect-of-the-virus-on-yield-quality-and-storage-phase-1. Accessed 27 September 2021.How to cite this article: Greer, S.F., Newbert, M.J., Rodrigues,L.K., Oliveira, A.M., Chaves, A.L.R., Calegario, R.F., et al. (2021)First report of Turnip yellows virus in Brazil.NewDis Rep, 44,e12045. https://doi.org/10.1002/ndr2.12045

First report of Turnip yellows virus in Brazil

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First report of Turnip yellows virus in Brazil

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